EXPORTING AEROSOLSTo Export, or Not to Export……now, that’s an interesting question!

presented by

Steven Charles HuntShipMate, Inc.

Overview

• Applicable Regulatory Requirements• Challenges Facing Exporters• Classification of Aerosols• Product Labeling• Consumer Commodity v. Limited Quantity• Hazard Communication• Documentation• Stowage & Segregation• Suggested Solutions

Applicable Regulatory Requirements - Transport

One or more of the following regulatory references might apply:

• Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations subchapter C (HMR)• ICAO Technical Instructions for the Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air• International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations• International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code• Secretaria de Comunicaciones y Transportes Normas Officiales Mexicanas• Canada’s Transport of Dangerous Goods Regulations (TDG)• Australia’s Dangerous Goods Code (ADG)• European Agreements on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (RID/ADR/ADNR)• UN Manual of Tests and Criteria

Applicable Requirements – Product Labeling

• Consumer Product Safety Commission• Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)• Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS)• OSHA Hazard Communication Standard 2012• Workplace Hazardous Materials Identification System 2015• Consumer Chemicals and Containers Regulations (CCCR 2001)• EU Chemical Classification, Labelling and Packaging (CLP)

Challenges for Exporters

Transportation• Differences in definition and classification of aerosols• Modal differences (e.g., air v. surface, or air v. ocean)• Differences in marking and labeling of Limited Quantities• Differences in marking and labeling of Consumer Commodities

Product Labeling• Differences between products intended for personal use v. commercial use• Differences in classification of aerosols (GHS Rev. 3 v. GHS Rev. 5)• Differences between GHS classification and NFPA classification• Different implementation dates for GHS, HazCom 2012 and WHMS 2015

• Differences in interpretation …

Classification of Aerosols

U.S. Definition• 49 CFR §171.8 defines an aerosol as: any non-refillable receptacle containing a

gas compressed, liquefied or dissolved under pressure, the sole purpose of which is to expel a nonpoisonous (other than a Division 6.1 Packing Group III material) liquid, paste, or powder and fitted with a self-closing release device allowing the contents to be ejected by the gas.

Global Definition• Aerosols or aerosol dispensers means non-refillable receptacles … made of

metal, glass or plastics and containing a gas compressed, liquefied or dissolved under pressure, with or without a liquid, paste or powder, and fitted with a release device allowing the contents to be ejected as solid or liquid particles in suspension in a gas, as a foam, paste or powder or in a liquid state or in a gaseous state.

• Example: 8 fl oz (237 mL) receptacle containing R-134a must be described as:– United States: UN3159, 1,1,1-2 TETRAFLUOROETHANE, 2.2– International: UN1950, AEROSOLS, 2.2, LTD QTY

Modal Differences

• This same product may be shipped three different ways by three different modes

OCN AIR GNDFlammable aerosols are also described differently, depending upon mode of transport. For example…AEROSOLS (GND, OCN) v. AEROSOLS, FLAMMABLE (AIR)

Aerosols in Limited Quantities

• Limited Quantities (Surface * & Ocean)

• Limited Quantities (Air)

Flammable or Non-Flammable Aerosols

Non-Flammable Aerosols

Flammable Aerosols

or LTD QTY “Y” may be used if capable ofbeing offered for transport by air

* U.S. definition of aerosols

Consumer Commodities

• Consumer Commodities not recognized by vessel (IMDG Code)• Other Regulated Material - Category D (ORM-D) – until 12/31/2020

OCN AIR GND

Product Labeling Differences

• Consumer products (e.g., consumer commodities) intended for personal care are not subject to the provisions of OSHA’s HazCom 2012 standard when the consumer product is used as intended for the same duration and frequency that a consumer would use it – 29 CFR 1910.1200(b)(6)(ix)

• HOWEVER, consumer products that are used in a workplace environment to an extent greater than use by an average consumer in a non-workplace setting may be subject to the requirements of OSHA’s HazCom 2012 standard.

CPSC GHS

Consumer Chemicals and Containers Regulations

CCCR 2001 requires the following on consumer aerosol product labels:

• On the Main Display Panel– hazard symbol– signal word: EXTREME DANGER, DANGER, or CAUTION– primary hazard statement

• On any Part of Display Surface– specific hazard statement– negative instructions– positive instructions– first aid statement

• Dual Language (English and French)

GHS Rev. 3 v. GHS Rev. 5 v. 29 CFR 1910.1200

• GHS Revision 3 (recognized by U.S. OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard (HazCom 2012) does not include provisions for GHS Aerosols 3

• GHS Revision 5 (not currently recognized by U.S. OSHA’S HazCom 2012 standard) does include provisions for GHS Aerosols 3

Flammable Aerosols

Aerosols are classified into one of three categories of this hazard class, depending upon their flammable properties and their heat of combustion. They should be considered for classification in Category 1 or 2 if they contain more than 1% components (by mass) which are classified as flammable according to the GHS criteria.

DANGERH222H229

WARNINGH223H229

Non-Flammable Aerosols

Aerosols which do not meet the criteria for inclusion in Category 1 (extremely flammable) or Category 2 (flammable) aerosols should be classified in Category 3 (non-flammable) aerosols.

Non-flammable aerosols have 1% or less (w/w%) flammable components and a heat of combustion of less than 20 kJ/g.

WARNINGH229

GHS Rev. 5 v. NFPA 30B

• NFPA 30B, Table 17.1

• GHS Revision 5 (2.3.4.1)

Heat of Combustion Level

> ≤

0 kJ/g (0 BTU/lb) 20 kJ/g (8600 BTU/lb) 1

20 kJ/g (8600 BTU/lb) 30 kJ/g (13000 BTU/lb) 2

30 kJ/g (13000 BTU/lb) - 3

Heat of Combustion Category

≥ <

< 1% flammable components20 kJ/g (8600 BTU/lb)

3

≥ 85% flammable components 30 kJ/g (13000 BTU/lb)

- 1

GHS Rev. 5 Decision Logic (Spray Aerosols)

• In the ignition distance test, does ignition occur at a distance ≥ 75 cm?– Yes: Aerosols 1

• Does it have a heat of combustion < 20 kJ/g (8600 BTU/lb)?– No: Aerosols 2

• In the ignition test, does ignition occur at a distance of ≥ 15 cm?– Yes: Aerosols 2

• In the enclosed space ignition test, is:– the time equivalent ≤ 300 s/m2; or– the deflagration density ≤ 300 g/m3?– Yes: Aerosols 2– No: Aerosols 3

DANGERH222H229

WARNINGH223H229

WARNINGH229

1 2 3

(NO SYMBOL)

GHS Rev. 5 Decision Logic (Foam Aerosols)

• In the foam test, is:– the flame height ≥ 20 cm and the flame duration ≥ 2 s; or– the flame height ≥ 4 cm and the flame duration ≥ 7 s?– Yes: Aerosols 1

• In the foam test, is the flame height ≥ 4 cm and the flame duration ≥ 2 s?– Yes: Aerosols 2– No: Aerosols 3

DANGERH222H229

WARNINGH223H229

WARNINGH229

1 2 3

(NO SYMBOL)

WHMIS 2015 v. OSHA HazCom 2012

• U.S. OSHA HazCom 2012

• Health Canada WHMIS 2015

Requirement Completion Date

Train employees on label elements & safety data sheet (SDS) format 12/01/2013

Compliance with SDS requirements and product labels 06/01/2015

Deplete inventory of product with “old” labels 12/01/2015

Update alternative workplace labeling and HazCom program 06/01/2016

Requirement Completion Date

Phase 1: Old (CPR/HPA) or New (HPR). Label & SDS must be same. 05/31/2017

Phase 2: Manufacturers/Importers – meet new HPR requirements 06/01/2017

Distributors deplete inventory of product with “old” CPR/HPA labels NLT 05/31/2018

Phase 3: Suppliers – sell only HPR compliant products 06/01/2018

Suppliers and employers – full compliance with HPR 12/01/2018

Differences in Interpretation

• Significant differences in interpretation exist between EU and USA• Examples include, but are not limited to:

– Classification of Substances & Mixtures– EU-specific phrases (e.g., EUH210–Safety Data Sheet available on request)– Use (or Misuse) of Bridging Principles– EU “tends” to over classify product based on “additive” principle where the H

and P phrases associated with individual ingredients are concatenated and applied to entire product without taking into consideration the Bridging Principles or formula (e.g., percentage %)

– USA “tends” to under classify products because of “fear factor” (e.g., marketing)

– Use of multiple languages (USA : 1-3 languages; EU: 24-29 languages)– Use (or prohibition) of tags (attached labels) or labels on packaging– Use (or prohibition) of fold-out label option

Navigating the Regulations for Transport

Start with the presumption that the product is fully regulated and then apply:

• Special Provisions• Limited Quantity provisions• Consumer Commodity exceptions• Small (de minimis) Quantity exceptions• Excepted Quantity provisions• DOT Special Permits & Competent Authority Approvals

Required Markings - Packages

Unless the hazardous material is otherwise excepted from the hazard communication requirements, packages containing dangerous goods are required to be marked and labeled with the following information:

• Transportation information (e.g., shipper/consignee name & address)• UN or DOT specification packaging marks• Labels, including appropriate hazard warning & cargo handling labels• Identification number• Proper shipping name, including correct technical or chemical names

A simple way to recall the required marks and labels is to remember the word TULIP.

Hazard Communication – Package Labeling

Packages must be marked with 5 pieces of Information:

Air

100

mm

~212 mm (~8.4 in.)

~225 mm (~8.6 in.)

The Limited Quantity markings are required in addition to the required hazard warning labels.

Limited Quantity Marking Requirements - OCN

Ocean

100

mm

** 50 mm permitted on smaller packages

142 mm **

** 71 mm (~2.8 in.) for smaller labels

Special Limited Quantity “Y” Marking Provisions

The national and international regulations permit the use of the Limited Quantity Y marking for all modes of transport, provided the package is suitable for transport by aircraft (e.g., product may be shipped as a limited quantity by air and the inner receptacle and package quantity limitations are met).

25 mm *

* recommended (12 mm for smaller labels)

Important ORM-D Transition Dates

The U.S. DOT has adopted the internationally recognized Limited Quantity marking and is gradually phasing out the ORM-D (Other Regulated Material) marking.

U.S. DOT PHMSA’s Rulemaking, HM-215K, published on January 19, 2011 phased out the ORM-D-AIR marking on 12/31/2012 and the ORM-D marking on 12/31/2020.

12/31/2020

12/31/2012

Documentation

• Shipper & Consignee Name & Address, Telephone No & Point of Contact• Quantity, Types & Kinds of Packages• Basic Description (e.g., UN1950, AEROSOLS, FLAMMABLE, 2.1)• Additional Descriptive Information (e.g., LTD QTY, DOT-SP 11516)• Emergency Response Information• Emergency Response Telephone Number• Shipper’s Certification• Shipper’s Signature

Stowage & Segregation

• Aerosols should be stored in accordance with NFPA 30B• When offered for transport, aerosols require Vessel Stowage Category A• Aerosols must be segregated as for Class 9 (miscellaneous dangerous

goods) but “separated from” Class 1 (explosives) except Division 1.4

Suggested Solutions

• Draft detailed Safety Data Sheets– Apply bridging principles– Consider SDSs in multiple (official) languages

• Distributor Review of Safety Data Sheets and Product Labels

• Draft product labels for North America– Obtain approval from CPSC and Health Canada (CCCR/HPR)– Consider 3 languages (English, Français, Español)

• Draft product labels for Europe– Consider developing Product Labels with multiple (official) languages– Obtain approval from foreign Competent Authorities for draft product labels

• Consider implementing GHS for Consumer Products

Additional Information

If you have additional questions, please call:

ShipMate, Inc.780 Buckaroo Trail, Suite DSisters, OR 97759+1 (310) 370-3600 phone+1 (310) 370-5700 fax+1 (310) 600-5241 mobilesteve@shipmate.comhttp://www.shipmate.com/http://shipmateuniversity.com/

THANK YOU