Exploration Map

Exploration• 1400s Europeans (first – Spain & Portugal) began

exploring in search for trade route to Asia – Purpose: gold, glory, and God (spread Christianity)

• Caraval: new and improved Ships (could sail fast & carried roughly 130 tons of cargo)

Christopher Columbus• 1492 (Italian but sailed for Spain) in search of an alternative trade route to Asia (he went west instead of east)• Landed in the Caribbean (the Bahamas) instead (thought he was in India) –he was looking for gold

Gold, Silver

Corn, potatoes, beans, vanilla, chocolate, pineapple, avocado

Tobacco, turkey

Wheat, sugar, rice, onion, coffee, grapes, coffee

Horses, cows, pigs, sheep, honeybees

Small pox, measles, bubonic plague, influenza, typhus, scarlet fever, whooping

cough

Enslaved Africans, malaria

Success Failure

•1519 he set sail for Spain•First to circumnavigate the world (sail around), but he died during voyage• Proved world was round

Hernando Cortes• Spanish conquistador

(conqueror)• Created Spanish

colonies in Mexico, South America, & U.S.• Went to conquer

Aztecs when he heard of their wealth• Cortes defeated with

guns, steel swords, , horses, and cannon• Aztecs lost due to

smallpox outbreak

Smallpox

Francisco Pizarro-1532• 1532—Conquered

the Incas• Captured the Inca

king; kept the ransom $$, then strangled the king to death

Vasco Da Gama• Sailed around tip of

Africa to India (no longer had to travel by land)• Came home with

spices, rare silks, precious gems

The Atlantic Slave Trade

• Problem—finding enough workers able to survive harsh working conditions in the colonies

• Solution-Slave Trade from Africa• Slave Trade took away as many 15 million African men

and women over the next 300 years

Effects of Exploration

• The slave trade = 1600s European territories in the Americas were based on agricultural that required laborers– enslaved Africans planted and harvested sugar, tobacco, and coffee

(also worked silver mines)– Africans were a better source of forced labor than native Americans

because they were strangers in America so they had no allies nor could they hide

Slave Trade• Triangular trade = sailed from Europe, Africa, to the Americas• Middle Passage = slave’s journey from Africa to the Americas

(b/c it was the “middle leg” of the triangle)– Each slave was in a space of 4-5 ft. long, 2-3 ft. high/ chained

together—could not stand nor lie at full length– Many died of suffocating or disease– 10-24 million brought over/ 1 in 5 died on journey

• Effects: gun brought to Africa; African tribes selling enemy tribe members into slavery

Capturing Africans

Slave Ship

Auction

Triangular Trade

Effects:1. Encouraged African warfare2. Disrupted African Culture3. Exchange of ideas and beliefs

Commercial Revolution p. 500

• Page # in Notebook_________• Define the following:1. Commercial Revolution2. Capitalism3. Joint stock company4. Mercantilism5. Favorable balance of trade6. Role of colonies in mercantilism7. What changes happened in Europe as a result of the

Commercial Revolution?

Commercial Revolution

• exploration of land expanded Europe’s economy• Nations were competing for markets and trade goods• Extremely expensive to fund a voyage so…• Joint-stock companies = merchants combined their $$ to invest in

exploration; sold stocks in the venture to enable investors to share in the profits and risks of a voyage– Funded the colonies in the Americas

Commerical Rev. Cont.

• Entrepreneurs = individuals who used $, ideas, raw materials, and labor to make goods and profits

• Mercantilism = theory that said a state’s power depended on its wealth (every nation’s goal was to attain $)

• Balance of Trade = difference between what a nation imports and exports (nations wanted to export more than import)