Exploration and Exploration and EmpiresEmpires

Ch 6Ch 6

Motives and Means for Motives and Means for European ExpansionEuropean Expansion

► ““God, Glory, and Gold”God, Glory, and Gold” Wanted to spread CatholicismWanted to spread Catholicism Wanted adventure and gloryWanted adventure and glory Wanted sea route to AsiaWanted sea route to Asia Wanted wealth (precious metals, expand Wanted wealth (precious metals, expand trade)trade)

► Technology available to support long Technology available to support long voyagesvoyages CartographyCartography Compass and astrolobe (showed latitude)Compass and astrolobe (showed latitude) Could sail against the windCould sail against the wind

Portugal takes the leadPortugal takes the lead

►Where?Where? Africa (especially the west coast Africa (especially the west coast which became known as the Gold Coast)which became known as the Gold Coast)

Then on to IndiaThen on to India

►Who?Who? Vasco da Gama made trip to Calcutta, Vasco da Gama made trip to Calcutta, India (1498) returned with spices, India (1498) returned with spices, made a huge profit, route became well made a huge profit, route became well traveledtraveled

Portugal and the Spice Portugal and the Spice TradeTrade

►Set up trade ports in Spice Set up trade ports in Spice Islands and IndiaIslands and India

►Gained control of the spice Gained control of the spice trade without establishing trade without establishing coloniescolonies Didn’t want to and didn’t have the Didn’t want to and didn’t have the people or the power to colonize the people or the power to colonize the areaarea

Voyages to the AmericasVoyages to the Americas

► Where did the Spanish go?Where did the Spanish go? Sailed west to reach Asia Sailed west to reach Asia

► Why?Why? Wanted a different route than the Wanted a different route than the Portuguese to Asia for spice tradePortuguese to Asia for spice trade

► Who?Who? Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus (1492) reached and (1492) reached and explored the coastline of Cubaexplored the coastline of Cuba►Made 4 trips to Caribbean Islands and HondurasMade 4 trips to Caribbean Islands and Honduras►Died believing he’d discovered a Western Died believing he’d discovered a Western passage to Asiapassage to Asia

Treaty of Tordesillas Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)(1494)

►Line which divided Spanish and Line which divided Spanish and Portuguese domainsPortuguese domains

►Portuguese claimed unexplored Portuguese claimed unexplored territories to the east of the territories to the east of the lineline

►Spanish claimed unexplored Spanish claimed unexplored territories to the west of the territories to the west of the lineline

Other Countries that joined Other Countries that joined in the land race in the in the land race in the

AmericasAmericas►England: New England coastlineEngland: New England coastline►Italy: Florentine Amerigo Vespucci Italy: Florentine Amerigo Vespucci (how America got its name)(how America got its name)

►FranceFrance►The Netherlands (Dutch)The Netherlands (Dutch)►They all called it the New World They all called it the New World but there were already but there were already civilizations there and had been civilizations there and had been for centuries (Native Americans)for centuries (Native Americans)

Ferdinand MagellanFerdinand Magellan

►Credited as 1Credited as 1stst to sail around to sail around the worldthe world

►Died along the way but his men Died along the way but his men completed the journeycompleted the journey

►Brought lots of fame (glory) to Brought lots of fame (glory) to SpainSpain

Spanish EmpireSpanish Empire

►Conquistadors: Spanish Conquistadors: Spanish conquerors of the Americasconquerors of the Americas Francisco Pizarro: took control of Francisco Pizarro: took control of the Incan Empire and within 30 the Incan Empire and within 30 years the western part of Latin years the western part of Latin America was under Spanish controlAmerica was under Spanish control

Religion Under Spanish Religion Under Spanish RuleRule

►Catholic missionaries converted Catholic missionaries converted and baptized thousandsand baptized thousands

►Brought parishes, schools, and Brought parishes, schools, and hospitals to the nativeshospitals to the natives

►European religion, culture, European religion, culture, language, and government language, and government replaced the native structuresreplaced the native structures

Economic Impact and Economic Impact and CompetitionCompetition

► What were the Europeans looking for in the What were the Europeans looking for in the Americas?Americas? Silver and goldSilver and gold

► What did they find?What did they find? Silver, gold, sugar, cotton, dyes, vanilla, and Silver, gold, sugar, cotton, dyes, vanilla, and hides from livestockhides from livestock

Native American agricultural products like Native American agricultural products like potatoes, coffee, corn, and tobaccopotatoes, coffee, corn, and tobacco

► ColonyColony Settlement of people living in a new Settlement of people living in a new territory linked with a parent country by territory linked with a parent country by trade and government controltrade and government control

► International trade increased because International trade increased because of the many coloniesof the many colonies

► Mercantilism: Mercantilism: set of principles that set of principles that dominated 17dominated 17thth century economic thought century economic thought Nation’s prosperity depended on large Nation’s prosperity depended on large supply of bullion (gold and silver) supply of bullion (gold and silver) because it gave a country a favorable because it gave a country a favorable balance of tradebalance of trade

► Balance of Trade: a country wants more Balance of Trade: a country wants more exports than importsexports than imports

Slave Trade Slave Trade and Africaand Africa

►What brought them to the What brought them to the Americas?Americas? Demand for Demand for laborers laborers on plantations on plantations in Brazil and the Caribbean islands in Brazil and the Caribbean islands (sugar cane)(sugar cane)

Small native population couldn’t be Small native population couldn’t be used because there were not enough used because there were not enough of themof them

Triangle TradeTriangle Trade

►Europe, Africa, and the Americas Europe, Africa, and the Americas connectedconnected

►European merchants carried goods to European merchants carried goods to Africa, traded for slavesAfrica, traded for slaves

►African slaves shipped and sold in African slaves shipped and sold in the Americasthe Americas

►Bought tobacco, molasses, sugar, and Bought tobacco, molasses, sugar, and cotton in the Americas, sold them in cotton in the Americas, sold them in Europe and the triangle continuedEurope and the triangle continued

Triangle Trade ExplainedTriangle Trade Explained

Middle PassageMiddle Passage

►Journey to the AmericasJourney to the Americas►Many Africans died on the voyageMany Africans died on the voyage►Very difficult conditions for Very difficult conditions for the voyagethe voyage

King Afonso of Congo’s King Afonso of Congo’s concernsconcerns

►Greatest king of the CongoGreatest king of the Congo►Concerned about the effects of Concerned about the effects of the slave trade on his societythe slave trade on his society Depopulated areasDepopulated areas Many African societies lost their Many African societies lost their youngest/strongest men and womenyoungest/strongest men and women

Local warfare increasedLocal warfare increased

Rivals in Southeast AsiaRivals in Southeast Asia► SpanishSpanish► EnglishEnglish► DutchDutch► All of the above created coloniesAll of the above created colonies

►PortuguesePortuguese Only created trading postsOnly created trading posts