Exploration and ConquestBy Group 4

16th Century Incursions French

ch Jaques Cartier● French explorer who landed Gaspe Peninsula and claimed it Frech Territory.● Made three trips to America but is most famous for the discovery of Canada.● Was originally sent to discover Notthwest Passage, but discovered the St

Lawrence● Second journey he travelled up the St. Lawrence river.

Jaques MarquetteHe moved to America as a missionary when he heard rumours of the Mississippi

River’s promised riches and decided to explore it. They found the river, but feared they would run into the Spanish, so they decided to head back home. On thier way, they discovered a strip a land to rest at. A year later, Marquette returns to the land to create the first settlement of Chicago.

16th Century Incursions- Spanish

While serving as governor of New Spain, Francisco Vazquez de Coronado heard reports of Seven Golden Cities located in what is now the southwestern United States. In 1540 he held a major expedition up Mexico’s western coast. During the expedition he and his fellow explorers found no gold; however, they discovered the Grand Canyon and other major physical landmarks of the region. During the expedition, Coronado had violent clashes with the Indian tribes he encountered. His expedition was labelled a failure by Spanish authorities. When he returned to New Spain his wealth had been depleted and he was removed from his governor ship. He spent the last decade of his life serving on the city council in Mexico City.

As a young man, Hernando De Soto made a fortune in the Central American SLave Trade. He supplied ships to Francisco Pizarros southward expedition and accompanied him in his conquest of Peru in 1532. De Soto embarked on another expedition in 1538 to conquer Florida for Spain. He and his men travelled roughly 4,000 miles through what is now the southeastern United States and encountered Indian attacks throughout the journey. In 1541, he became the first European to encounter and cross the Mississippi River. Soon after, he became ill and died in early 1542.

Juan Ponce De Leon may have joined Christopher Columbus on his voyage in 1493 to the New World. After the voyage he became governor of the eastern province of Hispaniola when he explored a nearby island which became Puerto Rico. He searched for the rumored fountain of youth on the island of Bimini. He lead an expedition into mainland North America, he named the site Florida. He discovered the Gulf Stream that would have a new passage for Spanish ships to maneuver their way home from the New World. He returned to Spain and was named military governor of Bimini. He came back to Florida to colonize it in February 1521, and the explorers landed in the Southwest coast of Florida. No one knows the exact circumstances of what happened but in early July local indians attacked Ponce de Leon and his men. Ponce De Leon had a fatal wound by an arrow in his thigh. Ponce De Leon sailed back to Cuba where he died from the wound.

Under the command of John White, 117 women, men and children sailed across the Atlantic and settled on what is now now North Carolina. Shortly after they arrived, John White returned to England to gather more supplies. He was meant to return immediately, however, there were no ships to spare and heended up returning three years later.When he returned, the entire colony haddisappeared. The only trace they left was the word, “Croatoan” carved on a tree. This is still one of history’s greatest mysteries.

Roanoke Island

Portuguese came in 16th century

Main purpose of the voyage was to convert "heathens" to Christianity

Friars took part of most expedition

Friars set up mission stations so Natives lived in Christian communities

Friars protected the natives from exploitation by Portuguese and Spaniards

Portuguese Mission

Portuguese Expansion TimelineThe opening phase of the European expansion had been introduced by the Portuguese. Since the early 15 th Century, Portuguese had ventured throughout the West Africa Coast searching for valuables such as gold, slaves, and spices. Thus began a new perspective of possibilities for the Portuguese to find Eastern trade routes.

· Pedro Alvarez Cabal discovers and claims Brazil for Portugal in 1500· Portuguese arrive in East Africa in 1500 with little resistance· August 10, 1500, Diego Diaz discovers Madagascar· 1512, , the Celebes are discovered and Nutmeg is found. Portugal then monopolizes the nutmeg and mace trade for 84 years· 1494, Portuguese and Spanish sign the Treaty of Tordesillas, which divides the new world between Spain and Portugal· Portuguese gain papal rights to colonies in 1455

`1452: The start of the sugar slave complex in Portugal. 1454: Slaves begin to come from Africa to Spain. 1462: Portuguese slave traders begin to operate in Spain. Cape Verde is founded as an important way station for slave trade. 1470: Slave trade economy massively boosts. 1483: The African Congo is discovered. Becomes major source of slaves. 1492: Columbus discovers The Americas. 1493: Columbus sails back to The Americas and establishes the first transatlantic slave voyage.

The African Slave Trade: 1450-1500

The African Slave Trade: 1500-1550

1510: beginning of systematic transportation of slaves from Africa to the New World, passing through Europe first

1522: slaves on the island of Hispaniola rebel, triggering slave resistance and uprisings everywhere

1530: slaves are transported directly from Africa to the New World (without passing through Europe)

1550: slave trade grew popular causing European countries to compete for control of the slave trade 1555: Portugese sailor Fernāo de Oliveira denounced the slave trade. Also, that same year, Queen Mary of England forbade English involvement in guinea.1556: Domingo de Soto argued that it is wrong to keep any person in slavery who was born free. 1600: African Americans outnumbered Europeans and worked all possible occupations the Europeans didn't want to perform.

African Slave Trade 1550-1600

The African Slave Trade: Facts

-Islam played a large role in the enslaving of Africans (most Africans were taken from areas where the Islamic influence was the weakest)-Approximately 419,000 slaves were taken from Africa over the course of 1450-1600- By 1500, the Portuguese had already transported 81,000 slaves to plantations- Before slavery became a global economicactivity, it had already been established as a norm in Africa.

1. Who did Juan Ponce De Leon accompany to the New World? A. San Juan B. Pablo Davilas C. Christopher Columbus D. Pedro de Alavardo.2. What word was discovered on a tree after the disappearance of the colonists on Roanoke Island?3. Who discovered Chicago?4. Slavery wasn’t a normal thing in Africa before the Portuguese. T or F?5. When did Columbus establish the first transatlantic slave voyage?

A. 1492 B. 1493 C. 1499 6. Approximately how many slaves were transported from Africa to the New World over the course of 1450-1600? 7. Which sailor denounced the slave trade?

8. In what year did the Portuguese gain papal rights to colonies?A. 1413B.1512C.1455D.1494

9. On what island was the first slave rebellion? 10. When did Portugal claim Brazil as a colony?

A. 1300B. 1400C. 1500D. 1503

QUIZ