explicit knowledge

• Explicit Knowledge

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-explicit-knowledge-toolkit.html

Knowledge management Dimensions

1 At the opposite end of the spectrum, explicit knowledge represents

knowledge that the individual holds consciously in mental focus, in a

form that can easily be communicated to others


Knowledge management Dimensions

1 In this model, knowledge follows a cycle in which implicit knowledge is

'extracted' to become explicit knowledge, and explicit knowledge is

're-internalized' into implicit knowledge


Knowledge management Strategies

1 Codification can therefore refer to both tacit and explicit knowledge In

contrast, the personalization strategy aims at encouraging individuals to

share their knowledge directly


Knowledge management Strategies

1 Measuring and reporting intellectual capital (a way of making explicit knowledge for

companies)


Knowledge management Technologies

1 However such tools for the most part are still based on text and code, and

thus represent explicit knowledge transfer


Diffusion of innovations - Diffusion of New Technology

1 Peres, Muller and Mahajan (2010) suggest that Innovation diffusion of a new technology is "the process of the market penetration of new products and services that is driven by social

influences, which include all interdependencies among consumers

that affect various market players with or without their explicit

knowledge". https://store.theartofservice.com/the-explicit-knowledge-toolkit.html

Modeling language - Participant appropriateness

1 The language should to a large extent express all the explicit knowledge of the stakeholders

relevant to the domain.


Modeling language - Modeller appropriateness

1 Last paragraph stated that knowledge of the stakeholders

should be presented in a good way. In addition it is imperative that the language should be able to express

all possible explicit knowledge of the stakeholders. No knowledge should be left unexpressed due to lacks in

the language.


IDEF - IDEF9

1 Just as living organisms do not need to be aware of the genetic or

autonomous constraints that govern certain behaviors, organizations can (and most do) perform well without explicit knowledge of the glue that

structures the system


Ikujiro Nonaka - The SECI Model

1 Professor Ikujiro Nonaka has proposed the SECI model, one of the

most widely cited theories in knowledge management (Gourlay

2003), to present the spiraling knowledge processes of interaction

between explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge.


Expert system - Advantages

1 The benefits of this explicit knowledge representation were rapid

development and ease of maintenance.


Activity theory - Learning and tacit knowledge

1 Internalisation has subsequently become a key term of the theory of

tacit knowledge and has been defined as a process of embodying

explicit knowledge into tacit knowledge


Organizational learning - Models

1 The reverse process (from explicit to tacit) they call internalization

because it involves employees internalizing an organization's formal rules, procedures, and other forms of

explicit knowledge


Corporate Semantic Web - Pragmatic Point of View

1 For example, it researches approaches for involving non-expert

users in developing ontologies collaboratively and for extracting

explicit knowledge from the interaction of users within

enterprises.


Design management - Value for business

1 * Learning and growing: Beyond advanced design management.

Design explicit knowledge is applied to strategic focus and improves the

quality of staff.


Tacit knowledge

1 For example, stating to someone that London is in the United Kingdom is a piece of explicit knowledge that can be written down, transmitted,

and understood by a recipient


Tacit knowledge - Definition

1 Tacit knowledge vs. Explicit knowledge:Lam, A. (2000). Tacit

Knowledge, Organizational Learning and Societal Institutions: An

Integrated Framework. Organization Studies 21(3), 487–51.


Tacit knowledge - Differences with explicit knowledge

1 Tacit knowledge can be distinguished from explicit knowledge Polanyi, M,

(1958) Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-67288-

3in three major areas:



1 * 'Codifiability and mechanism of transferring knowledge:' while explicit knowledge can be codified, and easily transferred without the

knowing subject, tacit knowledge is intuitive and unarticulated knowledge that cannot be communicated, understood or used without the ‘knowing subject’. Unlike the transfer of

explicit knowledge, the transfer of tacit knowledge requires close interaction and the

buildup of shared understanding and trust among them.



1 * 'Main methods for the acquisition and accumulation: 'Explicit

knowledge can be generated through logical deduction and acquired

through practical experience in the relevant context. In contrast, tacit knowledge can only be acquired

through practical experience in the relevant context.



1 * 'Potential of aggregation and modes of appropriation: 'Explicit knowledge can be aggregated at a single location, stored in objective forms and appropriated without the participation of the knowing subject. Tacit knowledge in contrast, is personal contextual. It is distributive, and cannot

easily be aggregated. The realization of its full potential requires the close involvement

and cooperation of the knowing subject.


Tacit knowledge - Transmission models for tacit knowledge

1 In that model tacit knowledge is presented variously as uncodifiable

(tacit aspects of knowledge are those that cannot be codified) and codifiable (transforming tacit

knowledge into explicit knowledge is known as codification)


Tacit knowledge - Examples

1 The “twisting stretch” motion was finally materialized in a prototype

after a year of iterative experimentation by the engineers

and team members working closely together, combining their explicit

knowledge


Tacit knowledge - Knowledge management

1 Knowledge management can be considered the dynamic process of

creating new knowledge, identifying sources of this new knowledge and

the elicitation and distribution of this knowledge. The identification of tacit knowledge sources and the creation of knowledge through tacit to tacit

knowledge sharing and tacit to explicit knowledge sharing are fundamental to this process.



1 All of these approaches should be recorded in order to transfer the tacit

knowledge into reusable explicit knowledge.



1 Professor Ikujiro Nonaka has proposed the The SECI Model|SECI

(Socialization, Externalization, Combination, Internalization) model, one of the most widely cited theories

in knowledge management, to present the spiraling knowledge processes of interaction between

explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge .


Explicit knowledge

1 'Explicit knowledge' is knowledge that has been articulated,

codified, and data storage device|stored in certain storage media|

media. It can be readily transmitted to others. The information contained in encyclopedias and textbooks are

good examples of explicit knowledge.


Explicit knowledge - Forms

1 The most common forms of explicit knowledge are manual

(disambiguation)|manuals, documents, procedures, and how-to

videos. Knowledge also can be audio-visual. Works of art and product

design can be seen as other forms of explicit knowledge where human skills, motives and knowledge are

externalized.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-explicit-knowledge-toolkit.html

Innovation management - Manage Complex Innovation

1 Big innovations are generally the outcome of intra- and

interdisciplinary networking among technological sectors along with

combination of implicit and explicit knowledge


Satanic ritual abuse - Court cases

1 One group of researchers concluded that children usually lack the sufficient amount of explicit

knowledge of satanic ritual abuse to fabricate all of the details of an SRA

claim on their own


Two-phase locking

1 Typically, without explicit knowledge in a transaction on end of phase-1, it

is safely determined only when a transaction has entered its ready

state in all its processes (processing has ended, and it is ready to be

committed; no additional data access and locking are needed and can

happen)


Organizational Memory System - The difference between explicit and tacit knowledge

1 In its modern understanding, knowledge is made up of 'explicit

knowledge', sometimes called 'skilled knowledge'; and 'tacit' or 'cognitive knowledge' (sometimes known as

coping skills), a category first identified by Michael Polanyi in

1958.“The Tacit Dimension”. Anchor Books, 1967


Organizational Memory System - The difference between explicit and tacit knowledge

1 Typically existing only in the minds of individuals, tacit knowledge is

normally very difficult to capture, with most organizations depending

almost entirely on the explicit knowledge


Corporate use of Second Life - What can be done with virtual worlds that cannot be done otherwise

1 Combination of classroom instruction and e-learning, provides a good way

for acquiring explicit knowledge


Design for X

1 Thus, it is not granted that a freshman or someone who is outside of the subject area will comprehend this generated explicit knowledge


Community of practice - Individuals in communities of practice

1 clarifies the difference between tacit knowledge, or knowing how, and

explicit knowledge, or knowing what


Harry Collins - Selected works

1 * Tacit and Explicit Knowledge, University of Chicago Press, 2010. ISBN 978-0-226-11380-7


Knowledge sharing - Explicit Knowledge Sharing

1 Explicit knowledge sharing occurs when explicit knowledge is made available to be shared between

entities. Explicit knowledge sharing can happen successfully when the

following criteria are met:


Implicit learning - Methodological issues

1 The measurement must be conducted at the appropriate time otherwise what is assumed to be a measurement of implicit learning may

actually be a measurement of explicit learning. Though the study may focus on

implicit learning, if measurement is taken too long after the core of the experiment occurs

one could argue that learning was explicit but explicit knowledge was momentarily lost. No rules have been laid out guiding selection of

an appropriate time for testing.


Implicit memory - Illusion-of-truth effect

1 As the illusion-of-truth effect occurs even without explicit knowledge, it is

a direct result of implicit memory


Standard Young tableau - Skew tableaux

1 Although many properties of skew tableaux only depend on the filled squares, some operations defined on them do require explicit knowledge of and , so it is

important that skew tableaux do record this information: two distinct skew tableaux may differ only

in their shape, while they occupy the same set of squares, each filled with the same entries.A somewhat similar situation arises for matrices: the 3-by-0 matrix must be distinguished from the 0-by-3 matrix , since is a 3-by-3 (zero) matrix while is the 0-by-0 matrix, but both and have the same (empty) set of entries; for skew tableaux however such distinction is necessary even in cases where the set of entries is not empty


Text and conversation theory - Weakness

1 According to Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995), organizational learning is the study of how collectives adapt to, or fail to adapt to, their environments.

It utilizes tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge.


Text and conversation theory - Weakness

1 *Explicit Knowledge: codified, systematic, formal, explicit,

and articulated


Know-how

1 'Know-how' is a term for practical knowledge on how to accomplish something, as opposed to “know-

what” (facts), “know-why” (science), or “know-who” (communication).

Know-how is often tacit knowledge, which means that it is difficult to

transfer to another person by means of writing it down or verbalising it. The opposite of tacit knowledge is

explicit knowledge.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-explicit-knowledge-toolkit.html

Economic calculation problem - Comparing heterogeneous goods

1 The price system is therefore said to promote economically efficient use of

resources by agents who may not have explicit knowledge of all of the conditions of production or supply


Knowledge capture - Dimensions

1 At the opposite end of the spectrum, explicit knowledge represents

knowledge that the individual holds consciously in mental focus, in a

form that can easily be communicated to others


Knowledge capture - Dimensions

1 In this model, knowledge follows a cycle in which implicit knowledge is

'extracted' to become explicit knowledge, and explicit knowledge is

're-internalized' into implicit knowledge


Knowledge capture - Strategies

1 7 Codification can therefore refer to both tacit and explicit knowledge.Hall (2006), pp


Knowledge capture - Strategies

1 * Measuring and reporting intellectual capital (a way of making explicit knowledge for

companies)


Knowledge capture - Technologies

1 However such tools for the most part are still based on text and code, and

thus represent explicit knowledge transfer


Corporate amnesia - Knowledge management

1 The physical evidence is known as explicit knowledge while the more cerebral is called tacit knowledge


Sleep and learning - Increased learning

1 A study has also found that after sleep there is an increased insight,

that is, a sudden gain of explicit knowledge. Thus during sleep the

representation of new memories are restructured.


Interplanetary Phenomena Unit

1 Conspiracy believers commonly argue that Earth governments, especially the Government of the United States, are in communication and/or cooperation with Extraterrestrial life in popular culture|

extraterrestrials despite public claims to the contrary, and further that some of

these theories claim that the governments are explicit knowledge|

explicitly allowing alien abduction


Structuration - Methodology of structuration theory

1 He examined spatial organization, Unintended consequences|intended

and unintended consequences, skilled and knowledgeable agents, explicit knowledge|discursive and

tacit knowledge, dialectic of control, actions with motivational content,

and constraints


Rate of adoption - Technology

1 Peres, Muller and Mahajan suggested that diffusion is the process of the

market penetration of new products and services that is driven by social

influences, which include all interdependencies among consumers

that affect various market players with or without their explicit

knowledge.


Crime scene - Reconstruction

1 Crime reconstruction|Crime scene reconstruction is the use of scientific

methods, physical evidence, deductive reasoning, and their

interrelationships to gain explicit knowledge of the series of events that surround the commission of a

crime.


Explication - Summary

1 But an explication may also be contained and expressed in shorter formats, such as in paragraphs and sentences, which are deliberately

drafted to emphasise the nature and impact of new explicit knowledge

which draws on, and are improvements upon, previous

knowledge.


Explication - Explication as a process versus explication as an outcome

1 When working with explication, it is essential to be clear, and to make clear whether you are dealing with the explication process (and hence

working with the verb or gerund), or dealing with the outcomes of the

process, such as a work which documents, describes and explains

the new explicit knowledge.


Explication - Explication as an interpretative process

1 Based on the etymology of the word explication, studies using explication, and extended argumentation we can deduce that explication in the arts, humanities and social sciences is largely an interpretative process where the outcomes - the new explicit knowledge - is open to subsequent dispute, with the possibility of additional and/or

different meanings being derived in the future.


Explication - Explication as an interpretative process

1 On this argument, new explicit knowledge is therefore contingent and context specific. New explicit knowledge is also informed by the explicant's competence in dealing

with the explication process, plus an ethical concern that the outcomes

(i.e. the new explicit knowledge) can be considered to be an improvement and true (i.e. not yet disaffirmed).

(cf. Harrison, 2006).https://store.theartofservice.com/the-explicit-knowledge-toolkit.html

The SECI Model

1 # 'Tacit to Explicit (Externalization)' - Between tacit and explicit knowledge

by Externalization (publishing, articulating knowledge),　

developing factors, which embed the combined tacit knowledge which

enable its communication


The SECI Model

1 The new explicit knowledge is then disseminated among the members of the

organization


The SECI Model

1 # 'Explicit to Tacit (Internalization)' - Explicit to tacit by Internalization (knowledge receiving

and application by an individual), enclosed by learning by doing; on the other hand, explicit knowledge becomes part of an individual's

knowledge and will be assets for an organization. Internalization is also a process of continuous individual and collective reflection

and the ability to see connections and recognize patterns and the capacity to make sense

between fields, ideas, and concepts.


Tacit - Differences with explicit knowledge

1 Tacit knowledge can be distinguished from explicit knowledgePolanyi, M,

(1958) Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-67288-

3 in three major areas:


Tacit - Examples

1 The “twisting stretch” motion was finally materialized in a prototype,

after a year of iterative experimentation by the engineers

and team members working closely together, combining their explicit

knowledge


Tacit - Knowledge management

1 Knowledge management is the dynamic process of creating new

knowledge, identifying sources of this new knowledge and the elicitation and distribution of this knowledge. The identification of tacit knowledge

sources and the creation of knowledge through tacit to tacit knowledge sharing and tacit to explicit knowledge sharing are fundamental to this process.


Tacit - Knowledge management

1 All of these approaches should be recorded, in order to transfer the

tacit knowledge into reusable explicit knowledge.


Oriental - Australian English

1 In Australian English, the term Asian generally refers to people of East Asian or Southeast Asian descent, such as those of Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Vietnamese,

Thai, or Filipino descent. Persons of Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan, and most

other South Asian descent are referred to by their respective demonym, but without

explicit knowledge, those people are indeterminately inferred as Indian.


Enterprise integration - Identification and use of information

1 Explicit knowledge on information needs during the operation of the enterprise can be provided by a

model of the operational processes


Comparison of OpenGL and Direct3D - Marshalling

1 Because the Direct3D runtime, the user-mode portion that implements

the API, cannot have explicit knowledge of the driver's inner workings, it cannot effectively

support marshalling


Design thinking - History

1 Ikujiro Nonaka writes The Knowledge-Creating CompanyNonaka, Ikujirō,

and Hirotaka Takeuchi. The Knowledge-creating Company: How

Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation. New York:

Oxford UP, 1995. on how to transfer knowledge from expert to novice

within a business based on the work of Michael Polanyi's tacit knowledge|

tacit versus explicit knowledge.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-explicit-knowledge-toolkit.html

For More Information, Visit:

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