experimental investigation on behaviour of concrete with the use of granite fines

7/27/2019 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON BEHAVIOUR OF CONCRETE WITH THE USE OF GRANITE FINES

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International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies E-ISSN22498974

IJAERS/Vol. I/ Issue IV/July-Sept., 2012/84-87

Research Paper

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON BEHAVIOUR OF

CONCRETE WITH THE USE OF GRANITE FINESDivakar. Y

1, Manjunath. S

2and Dr. M.U. Aswath

3

Address for Correspondence1

PG Student, B.I.T, Bangalore,2Assistant Professor, RVCE, Bangalore,

3Professor B.I.T, Bangalore

ABSTRACTGranite fines which are the byproduct produced in granite factories while cutting huge granite rocks to the desired shapes.While cutting the granite rocks, the powder produced is carried by the water and this water is stored in tanks. Afterevaporation of water the granite dust remained is transported and disposed on the lands. Disposing this granite fines is amajor problem in an Urban set up. Factories are situated close to the residential areas that in case random disposal of the

granite fines would lead to health hazards of the people dwelling in the areas in particular and also would prove to be an

environmental hazard in general. With the properties of the granite fines, i.e., its size and fineness, it can be very effectivelyused as a filler material in the concrete, replacing the fine aggregate which will help in filling up the pores in the concretewhich is otherwise porous. Filling up of the pores by the granite fines increase the strength of the concrete and also a

material which is abundantly available and which has a disposal problem can be made use effectively. In this paper anattempt is made experimentally to investigate the Strength Behavior of Concrete with the use of Granite Fines as an additive.

Concrete is prepared with granite fines as a replacement of fine aggregate in 5 different proportions namely 5%, 15%, 25%,35% and 50% and various tests such as compressive strength, Split tensile strength and Flexural strength are investigated and

these values are compared with the conventional concrete without granite fines.

KEYWORDS Granite fines, Strength Behavior of concrete, Compressive strength, Split tensile strength and Flexuralstrength

1.0 INTRODUCTION:

The Granite stone industry generates different types

of waste. Solid waste and stone slurry, where as solid

waste is resultant from rejects at the time of cutting

or at the processing unit. Stone slurry is a semi liquid

substance consisting of particles originated from the

sawing and polishing process and water used to cool

and lubricate the sawing and polishing machines. The

slurry is stored in tanks for evaporation. To conserve

water the slurry is passed through filtration and slurry

compacting machine. The compacted granite fine

cakes are transported and disposed in landfills. Itswater content are drastically reduced (Approx 2%)

and the granite fines resulting from this will have

environmental impacts. The stone slurry generated

during the processing will be around 40% of the final

product. Disposing of compacted granite fine slurry

cakes is a major problem anywhere. The factories

were use to dispose these granite fines around their

own factories. These factories are situated very close

to the residential areas. As per the government

regulations, any disposable waste is to be disposed

minimum 2 Km away from x. Since the cities are

expanding the land around the cities are veryexpensive leading to disposal problems. Disposal of

these granite fines leads to health hazards like

respiratory and allergy problems to the people

around. It also decreases the fertility of soil and yield.

It also causes Air and Water pollution. The high cost

of concrete used depends on the cost of the

constituent materials. Cost of concrete can be

reduced through the use of locally available

alternative material, to the conventional ones. This

paper is on use of granite fines as an alternative to

expensive and depleting sand. The world wide

consumption of sand as fine aggregate in concrete

production is very high, and several developing

countries have encountered some strain in the supply

of natural sand in order to meet the increasing needs

of infrastructural development in recent years. A

situation that is responsible for increase in the price

of sand, and the cost of concrete. Expensive and

scarcity of river sand which is one of the constituent

material used in the production of conventional

concrete was reported in India. To overcome the

stress and demand for river sand, researchers and

practitioners in the construction industries have

identified some alternatives namely fly ash, slag,

limestone powder and siliceous stone powder etc. In

India the use of quarry dust to replace river sand was

reported. The rejection of very fine materials like

clay size particles passing the through 75 microns has

been common practice in the past. However, at thelight of state of the art concrete technology, the

dimension of dust particles is compatible with the

purpose of filling up the transition zone (measuring

between 10 to 50microns) and the capillary pores

(which range from 50nm to 10microns of diameter)

this acts as micro filler. Hence various fine particles

have been tried in the production of concrete.

2.0 EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM

The experimental program included first the

preliminary investigation on the materials used in the

study, i.e, ingredients of concrete. The results are

indicated below2.1 Cement: In the present work, Ordinary Portland

Cement of 53 grade conforming to IS: 12269-1987

has been used. The physical properties of the cement

obtained on conducting appropriate tests as per IS:

269/4831 and the requirements as per IS 12269-1987

are given in table 1.

2.2 Other Properties of Granite Fines

The properties such as Specific Gravity, Water

absorption, chloride content, sulphate content, Alkali

Aggregate Reactivity and soundness of the granites

fines are tested and tabulated as follows as per the

codal provisions as per IS:383-1970 (RA 2007)

The presence of CaO and Fe2O3 is due to addition of

iron pellets and lime as abrasives and lubricant and

also to maintain the PH value while cutting the

granites.


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Table 1: Physical properties of cement

Table 2 Other Properties of Granit Fines

2.3Petrography Report on Granite Fines Sample

Technical Reference: IS: 2386 (Part I to VIII)-1963

(Reaffirmed - 2007) and IS: 383-1970 (Reaffirmed

2007)Table 3: Petrography Report on Granit Fines

Fig 1: Granite Fine Samples2.4 Preparation of Granite Fines before MixingThe granite fines are collected from an open air

dumpsite. The insitu water content of the different

samples ranges from 0 to 2%. When collected, the

dried stone dust is composed of individual particles

and lumps. The lumps resulted from the

fragmentation of compacted slurry slabs obtained inthe water recovering operations held at the processing

plant. In order to perform testing the collected

samples have to be reduced to dust.

2.5 Mixing of Concrete

The performance of the concrete is influenced by the

mixing. This means that a proper and good practiceof mixing can lead a better performance and quality

of the concrete. The quality of concrete is influenced

by the homogeneity of the mix material used while

mixing and placing of fresh concrete. A proper mix

of concrete will achieve good strength of concreteand better bonding of cement with the aggregates.

The mixing of concrete was carried out manually in

the concrete laboratory at BIT College Bangalore.

Before the concrete mixing begins, all of the mix

materials were weighted and prepared according to

the M20 grade of concrete. (1: 1.5: 3) (Cement: FineAggregates: Course Aggregates) The various

percentages of fine aggregates are replaced by granitefines with equivalent weights.

2.6 Experimental Investigation on Hardened

Concrete

Experimental investigation on hardened concretespecimens includes Compressive test on concrete

cubes, Split tensile test on concrete cylinders and

Flexural Strength test on cement concrete prisms and

reinforced concrete beams specimens.

Concrete is a combination of Portland cement, water

and aggregates that consists of rocks and sand.

Normally, concrete is strong in compression but

weak in tension. There are many ways to indicate the

strength of concrete. The tests used to indicate thestrength of concrete can be categorized as destructive

and non destructive tests. The testing of the

strength of concrete is very important in the civil

works. The engineers can compare the value of the

testing to the designed value used for the building

structure. This is to make sure that the structure has

been built well. All the test procedures used was

accordance with the Indian codes IS 516-1959 and

IS 5816-1999.

2.7 Description of Specimens

The experiments included 6 different variations i.e, 5

variations with different percentages of granites fines

and one variation is with that of the conventionalconcrete. All the variations were with respect to M20

grade of concrete (1:1.5:3) and the granite fines were

replacement to fine aggregates. The various


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specimens and there variations are listed in thetabular column below.

Table 4 List of Specimen casted with and without

granite fines

Mix Notation Details:CTGF Compression Test Specimen with Granite FinesSTGF Split Tensile Test Specimen with Granite Fines

PCGF -Plain Cement Concrete Test Specimen withGranite FinesRCGF Reinforced Concrete Test Specimen with GraniteFines.

Mix code: CTGF0- Means Compression Test

Specimen with 0% Granite Fines replacement

similarly all the mix specimens are noted whiletabulating the results.

Fig 2: Stripping & Curing of Concrete Specimens

casted

3.0 TEST RESULTS:Series of test was carried out on the concrete to

obtain the strength characteristics of concrete with

and without Granite fines as an additive which is a

replacement for fine aggregates in variouspercentages. The results are such as compression test,

Split tensile test, Flexure test with and withoutreinforcement have been tabulated in table 5.

Table 5: Summary of test results for various

specimens:

Note : No of Specimens in each variation is 6

4.0 CONCLUSIONS:

Based on the results of the experimentalinvestigation following conclusions are drawn:

1. The compressive strength has increased by22% with the use of 35% replacement of fine

aggregates with granite fines. With increase of

granite fines up to 50% increasingcompressive strength will limit to 4% only.

2. The split tensile strength remains same for 0%,25% and 35%. For 5% replacement there is an


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increase of 2.4% of strength and for 15%

replacement there is a reduction of tensile

strength by 8%. However we can conclude that

with the replacement of 35% granite fines the

test results shows no decrease in strength

compared with the conventional mix using

fully sand as fine aggregates.

3. The flexural strength of prism of 10cm x10cm x 50cm without reinforcement, we can

conclude that, there is 5.41% increase inflexural strength with 5 % replacement, and

there is a small decrease up to 5% in flexural

strength at 15%, 25% and 35% replacement

with granite fines and further reduction in

strength (i.e. 6%) at 50% replacement of

granite fines in comparison with test results of

nominal concrete mix of 1:1.5:3 (M-20)

without granite fines. However there is no

much change in flexural strength test

conducted of all the variations.

4. The flexural strength of beam of 15cm x 15cmx 70cm with reinforcement, we can observe

that the results obtained are increasing withincrease of %replacement of granite fines.

There is a small increase (i.e. 2%) of strength

for 25% replacement with granite fines and

further large increase in strength (i.e. 32%) at

50% replacement of granite fines in

comparison with test results of nominal

concrete mix of 1:1.5:3 (M-20) without granite

fines. Hence we can conclude that there is aconsiderable increase in flexural strength with

the use of granite fines.

5. We can observe that an overall increase instrength with 35% replacement of fine

aggregates with granite fines.6. The water cement ratio has been considered

for all the mixers as 0.6. We have arrived this

ratio after conducting required slump test.

With 0.55% water cement ratio and with 35%

and 50% replacement of granite fines the

concrete was not workable. From the lab test

of granite fines we can observe that there is13% absorption of water. This may the reason

for more water. Even with 0.6% water cement

ratio we have got all the test results better that

the regular mix. With this we can understand

that the workability of concrete mixes

decreased with the increase in percentage ofgranite fines as partial replacement of sand.

7. The physical and chemical properties ofgranite fines are satisfied the requirement of

code provisions. The other strength and

durability test conducted shows that the granitefines is fit to be used in concrete mixes.

8. The dimension of the granite fine particles iscompatible with the purpose of filing up the

transition zone and capillary pores, thus acting

as micro filler.

9. The amount of fine particle present ensureseffective packing and large dispersion of

cement particles thus fomenting betterhydration conditions moreover the dust

particles completed the matrix interstices and

reduce space for free water the combination of

these phenomena results in better bonding

among the concrete components. This may

achieved by adding plasticizers for workability

by reducing the water cement ratio. With this

we can achieve more workability, compaction

and more strength. We can produce high

performance concrete.

10. The presence of Fe2O3 is due to addition ofiron grits we may have to give a protective

coating to the concrete to avoid scattered rust

appearance of the surface.REFERENCES

1. Nuno Almeida, Fernando Branco, Jorge de Brito, JoseRoberto Santos high-performance concrete withrecycled stone slurry Cement and Concrete Research

37 (2007) 210-220

2. R.M. Senthamarai P. Devadas Manoharan Concretewith Ceramic Waste Aggregate Cement and Concrete

Composite 27(2005) 910-913 37 (2007) 210-220

3. Manasseh JOEL Use of Crushed Granite Fine asReplacement to River Sand in Concrete Production

Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and

Technologies ISSN 1583-1078, Issue 17, July December 2010 Page 85-96

4. A.K.Sahu, Sunil Kumar and A.K.Sachan Crushedstone waste as fine aggregate for concrete The Indian

Concrete Journal 845-8485. R.Ilangovana, N.Mahendrana and K.Nagamanib

Strength and Durability Properties of ConcreteContaining Quarry Rock Dust as Fine Aggregate

ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences

ISSN 1819-6608, 20-26. Vol-3, No.5, October 20086. T.S.Nagaraj and Zahida Banu Efficient utilization of

rock dust and pebbles as aggregates in Portland cement

concrete The Indian Concrete Journal 53-56

7. Vicente Navarro, Victor Barrientos, Anglel Yustres,Jorge Delgado Settlement of embankment fillsconstructed of granite fines Computers & Geosciences

34 (2008) 978-992

8. Kou Shi-Cong, Poon Chi-Sun Properties of concreteprepared with crushed fine stone, furnace bottom ash

and fine recycled aggregate as fine aggregates

Construction and Building Materials 23 (2009) 2877-2886.

9. IS 383 1970 : Specification for Coarse andFine Aggregates from Natural source forConcrete.

10. IS 516-1959: Methods of Tests for Strength ofConcrete

11. IS 5816-1999: Splitting Tensile Strength of ConcreteMethod of Test

12. IS SP-23-1982: Concrete Mixes (Based on IndianStandards)

13. IS 4032-1985: Method of Chemical Analysis ofHydraulic Cement

14. IS 2386 1963: Reaffirmed 2007: Method of test forAggregates for Concrete

Part I : Particle Size and Shape

Part II: Estimation of deleterious materials and organicimpurities

Part III: Specific gravity, density, voids, absorption andbulking

Part IV: Mechanical proprieties

Part V: Soundness

Part VI: Measuring Mortar making proprieties of fine

aggregates

Part VII: Alkali aggregate reactivityPart VIII: Petrographic examination

experimental investigation on behaviour of concrete with the use of granite fines

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