experimental investi radiator performance using tio …€¦ · 0.2 % v, p. dinesh goud, b. girish...

http://www.iaeme.com/

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)Volume 8, Issue 6, JuneAvailable online at ISSN Print: 0976 © IAEME

RADIATOR PERFORMANCE

Y.

ABSTRACTAs a plausible source for the next generation heat transfer applications,

Nanofluidspast decade due to its major change in the physical and thermal properties in microscopic level compared to the same material in macroscopic level. Many experimental research and theorthe thermal and physical properties of Nanofluids. Radiators are heat exchangers and used as cooling system in the internal combustion engines. To analyse the cooling performance of the car radiator an experimental study the mixture of ethylene glycol and water combination (40:60) with TiOTiOtransfer is obtained in the temperature range of 50°C to 80°C. Heat transfer is enhanced for the study with Nanofluids compared with the base fluid. Key words:Cite this ArticleN. Govindha RasuNanofluid2017, pp. 607http://www.i

1. INTRODUCTIONRadiators are used as heat exchangers in automobile industry. Overheating of engine resulted to concentrate on methods of increasing heat transfer through radiator. Coolant plays important role in increasing the heat transfer. Coolant with higher thermal cin more heat transfer. Nanoparticles have good thermal properties .The basic properties of Nanoparticle, size and temperature are the macroscopic factors which can affect the increments of Nanofluid thermal conductivity. Masuda et al. [gamma Althermal conductivity of water by almost 30 %. Sandhya et al. [2] performed experiment with TiO2 proved that the enhancement of heat tra


International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)Volume 8, Issue 6, JuneAvailable online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJMEISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976

© IAEME Publication

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIRADIATOR PERFORMANCE

Y. Sai Nikhil

ABSTRACT As a plausible source for the next generation heat transfer applications,

Nanofluids have attracted many researchers. It became very prominent field in the past decade due to its major change in the physical and thermal properties in microscopic level compared to the same material in macroscopic level. Many experimental research and theorthe thermal and physical properties of Nanofluids. Radiators are heat exchangers and used as cooling system in the internal combustion engines. To analyse the cooling performance of the car radiator an experimental study the mixture of ethylene glycol and water combination (40:60) with TiO2 Nanoparticles is used. The volume Concentration of 0.2 % is prepared by mixing TiO2 Nanoparticles with magnetic stirrer. transfer is obtained in the temperature range of 50°C to 80°C. Heat transfer is enhanced for the study with Nanofluids compared with the base fluid. Key words: Nanoparticles, Nanofluid, Radiator, TiO2, heat transferCite this ArticleN. Govindha RasuNanofluid. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology2017, pp. 607–614http://www.iaeme.com/IJME

INTRODUCTIONRadiators are used as heat exchangers in automobile industry. Overheating of engine resulted to concentrate on methods of increasing heat transfer through radiator. Coolant plays important role in increasing the heat transfer. Coolant with higher thermal cin more heat transfer. Nanoparticles have good thermal properties .The basic properties of Nanoparticle, size and temperature are the macroscopic factors which can affect the increments of Nanofluid thermal conductivity. Masuda et al. [gamma Al2O3 Nanoparticles at 13nm at 4.3% volume concentration increased the effective thermal conductivity of water by almost 30 %. Sandhya et al. [2] performed experiment with

proved that the enhancement of heat tra

http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)Volume 8, Issue 6, June 2017, pp.

http://www.iaeme.com/IJME6340 and ISSN Online: 0976

Publication


Nikhil, P. Dinesh Goud,School of Mechanical Engineering,

VIT Un

As a plausible source for the next generation heat transfer applications, have attracted many researchers. It became very prominent field in the

past decade due to its major change in the physical and thermal properties in microscopic level compared to the same material in macroscopic level. Many experimental research and theorthe thermal and physical properties of Nanofluids. Radiators are heat exchangers and used as cooling system in the internal combustion engines. To analyse the cooling performance of the car radiator an experimental study the mixture of ethylene glycol and water combination (40:60) with

Nanoparticles is used. The volume Concentration of 0.2 % is prepared by mixing Nanoparticles with magnetic stirrer.

transfer is obtained in the temperature range of 50°C to 80°C. Heat transfer is enhanced for the study with Nanofluids compared with the base fluid.

Nanoparticles, Nanofluid, Radiator, TiO2, heat transferCite this Article: Y. Sai NikhilN. Govindha Rasu. Experimental Investigation of Radiator Performance using TIO2

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology614.

aeme.com/IJME

INTRODUCTION Radiators are used as heat exchangers in automobile industry. Overheating of engine resulted to concentrate on methods of increasing heat transfer through radiator. Coolant plays important role in increasing the heat transfer. Coolant with higher thermal cin more heat transfer. Nanoparticles have good thermal properties .The basic properties of Nanoparticle, size and temperature are the macroscopic factors which can affect the increments of Nanofluid thermal conductivity. Masuda et al. [

Nanoparticles at 13nm at 4.3% volume concentration increased the effective thermal conductivity of water by almost 30 %. Sandhya et al. [2] performed experiment with


IJMET/index.asp

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)2017, pp. 607–614, Article ID: IJM

http://www.iaeme.com/IJME6340 and ISSN Online: 0976

Scopus Indexed


NANOFLUIDDinesh Goud, B.

School of Mechanical Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India


past decade due to its major change in the physical and thermal properties in microscopic level compared to the same material in macroscopic level. Many experimental research and theoretical investigations have been carried out to study the thermal and physical properties of Nanofluids. Radiators are heat exchangers and used as cooling system in the internal combustion engines. To analyse the cooling performance of the car radiator an experimental study the mixture of ethylene glycol and water combination (40:60) with

Nanoparticles is used. The volume Concentration of 0.2 % is prepared by mixing Nanoparticles with magnetic stirrer.


Nanoparticles, Nanofluid, Radiator, TiO2, heat transferY. Sai Nikhil, P. Dinesh Goud, B. Girish Hemanth Babu, Experimental Investigation of Radiator Performance using TIO2

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology

aeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=8&IType=6

Radiators are used as heat exchangers in automobile industry. Overheating of engine resulted to concentrate on methods of increasing heat transfer through radiator. Coolant plays important role in increasing the heat transfer. Coolant with higher thermal cin more heat transfer. Nanoparticles have good thermal properties .The basic properties of Nanoparticle, size and temperature are the macroscopic factors which can affect the increments of Nanofluid thermal conductivity. Masuda et al. [



asp 607

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)Article ID: IJM

http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJME6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359

Indexed


NANOFLUIDB. Girish Hemanth Babu, N.

School of Mechanical Engineering, iversity, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India


past decade due to its major change in the physical and thermal properties in microscopic level compared to the same material in macroscopic level. Many

etical investigations have been carried out to study the thermal and physical properties of Nanofluids. Radiators are heat exchangers and used as cooling system in the internal combustion engines. To analyse the cooling performance of the car radiator an experimental setup has been devised. In this experimental study the mixture of ethylene glycol and water combination (40:60) with

Nanoparticles is used. The volume Concentration of 0.2 % is prepared by mixing Nanoparticles with magnetic stirrer. Results of Thermal conductivity, heat


Nanoparticles, Nanofluid, Radiator, TiO2, heat transfer, P. Dinesh Goud, B. Girish Hemanth Babu,

Experimental Investigation of Radiator Performance using TIO2 International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology

asp?JType=IJMET&VType=8&IType=6

Radiators are used as heat exchangers in automobile industry. Overheating of engine resulted to concentrate on methods of increasing heat transfer through radiator. Coolant plays important role in increasing the heat transfer. Coolant with higher thermal cin more heat transfer. Nanoparticles have good thermal properties .The basic properties of Nanoparticle, size and temperature are the macroscopic factors which can affect the increments of Nanofluid thermal conductivity. Masuda et al. [


proved that the enhancement of heat transfer coefficient by 37% when compared to the

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)Article ID: IJMET_08_06

asp?JType=IJME

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF RADIATOR PERFORMANCE

NANOFLUID Girish Hemanth Babu, N.

School of Mechanical Engineering, iversity, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India



etical investigations have been carried out to study the thermal and physical properties of Nanofluids. Radiators are heat exchangers and used as cooling system in the internal combustion engines. To analyse the cooling

experimental setup has been devised. In this experimental study the mixture of ethylene glycol and water combination (40:60) with

Nanoparticles is used. The volume Concentration of 0.2 % is prepared by mixing Results of Thermal conductivity, heat


Nanoparticles, Nanofluid, Radiator, TiO2, heat transfer, P. Dinesh Goud, B. Girish Hemanth Babu,



Radiators are used as heat exchangers in automobile industry. Overheating of engine resulted to concentrate on methods of increasing heat transfer through radiator. Coolant plays important role in increasing the heat transfer. Coolant with higher thermal cin more heat transfer. Nanoparticles have good thermal properties .The basic properties of Nanoparticle, size and temperature are the macroscopic factors which can affect the increments of Nanofluid thermal conductivity. Masuda et al. [1] indicated that the addition of


nsfer coefficient by 37% when compared to the

[email protected]

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) 06_063


GATION OF USING TIO

Girish Hemanth Babu, N. Govindha RasuSchool of Mechanical Engineering,

iversity, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India







Nanoparticles, Nanofluid, Radiator, TiO2, heat transfer. , P. Dinesh Goud, B. Girish Hemanth Babu,



Radiators are used as heat exchangers in automobile industry. Overheating of engine resulted to concentrate on methods of increasing heat transfer through radiator. Coolant plays important role in increasing the heat transfer. Coolant with higher thermal cin more heat transfer. Nanoparticles have good thermal properties .The basic properties of Nanoparticle, size and temperature are the macroscopic factors which can affect the

1] indicated that the addition of Nanoparticles at 13nm at 4.3% volume concentration increased the effective

thermal conductivity of water by almost 30 %. Sandhya et al. [2] performed experiment with nsfer coefficient by 37% when compared to the

[email protected]

T&VType=8&IType=6

GATION OF USING TIO

Govindha Rasu






transfer is obtained in the temperature range of 50°C to 80°C. Heat transfer is

, P. Dinesh Goud, B. Girish Hemanth Babu, Experimental Investigation of Radiator Performance using TIO2

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 8(6),


Radiators are used as heat exchangers in automobile industry. Overheating of engine resulted to concentrate on methods of increasing heat transfer through radiator. Coolant plays important role in increasing the heat transfer. Coolant with higher thermal conductivity results in more heat transfer. Nanoparticles have good thermal properties .The basic properties of Nanoparticle, size and temperature are the macroscopic factors which can affect the



[email protected]

T&VType=8&IType=6

GATION OF USING TIO2

Govindha Rasu






transfer is obtained in the temperature range of 50°C to 80°C. Heat transfer is

, P. Dinesh Goud, B. Girish Hemanth Babu, Experimental Investigation of Radiator Performance using TIO2

, 8(6),

Radiators are used as heat exchangers in automobile industry. Overheating of engine resulted to concentrate on methods of increasing heat transfer through radiator. Coolant plays

onductivity results in more heat transfer. Nanoparticles have good thermal properties .The basic properties of Nanoparticle, size and temperature are the macroscopic factors which can affect the



Experimental Investigation of Radiator Performance using TIO2 Nanofluid

http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 608 [email protected]

base fluid with the 40% ethylene glycol and 60% water. Hussein et al. [3] conducted experiment on radiator with TiO2 Nanofluid at a temperature range of 60-90C and found that 4% concentration level heat transfer coefficient has been enhanced by 40%. Neih et al. [4] at 1:1 ethylene glycol and water mixture found that the enhancement of heat transfer rate is by 26.7% when compared to the base fluid at a temperature range of 80-95 ͦ C. Bhimani et al. [5] proved that at 1% volume concentration of TiO2 Nanofluid is enhanced the heat transfer rate by 40-45% effectively. Peygambharzadeh et al. [6] conducted at lower temperatures attained 45-50% enhancement of heat transfer with compared to heat transfer with base fluid. Sundar et al. [7] experimentally studied the mixture of ethylene glycol and Al2O3 Nanoparticles at 1.5% volume concentration in water: ethylene glycol for mixtures of 80:20, 60:40, and 40:60 over a temperature range. They reported that the peak increment of thermal conductivity is by 32.26% occurred in the 80:20 ratios at 60 °C. They also mentioned that ethylene glycol has poorer thermal conductivity than water, and the addition of ethylene glycol will only suppress the thermal conductivity of the base fluid. Eastman et al. [8] reported that the thermal conductivity of ethylene glycol Nanofluids containing 0.3% volume fraction of copper particles can be enhanced up to 40% compared to that of ethylene glycol base fluid. Hwang et al. [9] found that thermal conductivity of the Nanofluids depends on the volume fraction of particles and thermal conductivity of base fluid and particles. Lee et al. [10] measured the thermal conductivity of low volume concentration of aqueous alumina (Al2O3) Nanofluids produced by two-step method. Authors inferred that the thermal conductivity of aqueous Nanofluids increases linearly with the addition of alumina particles. Thermal conductivity of zinc dioxide ethylene glycol based Nanofluids was investigated by Yu et al. [11]. They obtained about 26.5% enhancement of thermal conductivity by adding 5% volume fraction of zinc dioxide Nanoparticles in ethylene glycol. Mintsa et al. [12] investigated the effect of temperature, particle size and volume fraction on thermal conductivity of water based Nanofluids of copper oxide and alumina.

From detailed survey of literature it is understood that the convective heat transfer coefficient of alumina Nanofluids improved in comparison to base fluid by 15% and 20% in both laminar and turbulent flow regimes, respectively. This shows that the thermal boundary layer plays a dominant role in laminar flow while thermal conductivity plays a dominant role in turbulent flow. However, no improvement in convective heat transfer coefficient was noticed for amorphous particle Nanofluids. There are many factors which effect Nanofluid heat transfer rate such as effect of particle volume fraction, effect of particle material, effect of base fluid, effect of particle size, effect of particle shape, effect of temperature, effect of preparation method followed. They are increasing the thermal conductivity and heat transfer rate compared to base fluid like as water, Ethylene glycol, Engine oil, Acetone. Nanofluids are the potential source for heat transfer media. So, thermal conductivity enhancement is more obvious by the addition of Nanoparticles. In this context present study has been initiated to get the clear idea about the potential heat transfer rates and thermal conductivity of TiO2 based Nanofluid. Present study is proposed to carry out at different levels of volume concentrations of Nanofluid with different flow rates.

2. NANO FLUID PREPARATIONS AND ITS PROPERTY Nanofluid preparation is carriedout in three to four stages. As a first step, the size of the metal powders is to be reduced to nano size (10-9 m). Second dissolving of Nano powder in the base fluid and followed by Sonication of Nanofluid.


2.1. Sizing of Nano ParticlesSize of the metal powers is reduced to nano meters by using ball milling. of grinderpyrotechnics, ceramics andattrition: size reduction is done by impact as the balls drop from near the top of the shell. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of the TiOis presented in Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b respectively. It is the magnified image (Magnification: 60KX) of the TiO

Figuremilling (Magnification: 60KX)

2.2. Preparation of NanofluidPreparation of Nanofluid involves two steps, in first Nano powder is dissolved in the base fluid (coolant) and then sonication of Nanofluid is done. TiOmagnetic stirrer method. The required amount of titanium dioxide powder is dissolved into the base fluid (40% ethylene glycol & 60% water) per 1 litre by placing the beakers on the magnetic stirrer with magnetic pellets in them and stiruniformly dispersed into the base fluid. The fluid is continuously stirred for 10 hours both in the clockwise and antitwo hours. The rotational speed ranconcentrations of nanofluid 0.2 % v is chosen. The details of NanoNanofluid is presented in Table.1. Sonicationsonication is 6 hours per litre of fluid and the frequency of sonication is 50 kHz. The fluid properties are discussed in the next section.

2.3. Properties of NanofluidAfter the Nanofluidknown for calculation. Hence the viscosity, thermal conductivity and shear stress are found for all three different concentration of fluid with different temperatures. Dynamic viscothe fluid is measured using the viscometer. In general, either the fluid remains stationary and an object moves through it, or the object is stationary and the fluid moves past it. The drag

Y. Sai Nikhil


Sizing of Nano ParticlesSize of the metal powers is reduced to nano meters by using ball milling.

grinder used to grind and blend materials for use in mineral dressing processes, pyrotechnics, ceramics andattrition: size reduction is done by impact as the balls drop from near the top of the shell. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of the TiOis presented in Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b respectively. It is the magnified image (Magnification: 60KX) of the TiO2

Figure 1 (a) SEM image of TiOmilling (Magnification: 60KX)

Preparation of NanofluidPreparation of Nanofluid involves two steps, in first Nano powder is dissolved in the base fluid (coolant) and then sonication of Nanofluid is done. TiOmagnetic stirrer method. The required amount of titanium dioxide powder is dissolved into the base fluid (40% ethylene glycol & 60% water) per 1 litre by placing the beakers on the magnetic stirrer with magnetic pellets in them and stiruniformly dispersed into the base fluid. The fluid is continuously stirred for 10 hours both in the clockwise and antitwo hours. The rotational speed ranconcentrations of nanofluid 0.2 % v is chosen. The details of NanoNanofluid is presented in Table.1. Sonication is the actsonication is 6 hours per litre of fluid and the frequency of sonication is 50 kHz. The fluid properties are discussed in the next section.

Table 1 Amount of Nano powder used for d

% volume concentration0.2 % v

Properties of NanofluidAfter the Nanofluidknown for calculation. Hence the viscosity, thermal conductivity and shear stress are found for all three different concentration of fluid with different temperatures. Dynamic viscothe fluid is measured using the viscometer. In general, either the fluid remains stationary and an object moves through it, or the object is stationary and the fluid moves past it. The drag

Y. Sai Nikhil, P. Dinesh Goud, B. Girish Hemanth Babu, N. Govindha Rasu


Sizing of Nano ParticlesSize of the metal powers is reduced to nano meters by using ball milling.

used to grind and blend materials for use in mineral dressing processes, pyrotechnics, ceramics and selective laser sintering. It works on the principle of impact and attrition: size reduction is done by impact as the balls drop from near the top of the shell. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of the TiOis presented in Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b respectively. It is the magnified image (Magnification:

2 powders.

SEM image of TiOmilling (Magnification: 60KX)

Preparation of NanofluidPreparation of Nanofluid involves two steps, in first Nano powder is dissolved in the base fluid (coolant) and then sonication of Nanofluid is done. TiOmagnetic stirrer method. The required amount of titanium dioxide powder is dissolved into the base fluid (40% ethylene glycol & 60% water) per 1 litre by placing the beakers on the magnetic stirrer with magnetic pellets in them and stiruniformly dispersed into the base fluid. The fluid is continuously stirred for 10 hours both in the clockwise and anti-clockwise directions. The direction of rotation is changed for every two hours. The rotational speed ranconcentrations of nanofluid 0.2 % v is chosen. The details of NanoNanofluid is presented in Table.1.

is the act of applying sound energy to agitate particles in the fluid. The period of sonication is 6 hours per litre of fluid and the frequency of sonication is 50 kHz. The fluid properties are discussed in the next section.

Amount of Nano powder used for d

% volume concentration0.2 % v

Properties of NanofluidAfter the Nanofluid preparation the fluid property and thermal property of the fluid is to be known for calculation. Hence the viscosity, thermal conductivity and shear stress are found for all three different concentration of fluid with different temperatures. Dynamic viscothe fluid is measured using the viscometer. In general, either the fluid remains stationary and an object moves through it, or the object is stationary and the fluid moves past it. The drag

, P. Dinesh Goud, B. Girish Hemanth Babu, N. Govindha Rasu

IJMET/index.asp

Sizing of Nano Particles Size of the metal powers is reduced to nano meters by using ball milling.

used to grind and blend materials for use in mineral dressing processes, selective laser sintering. It works on the principle of impact and

attrition: size reduction is done by impact as the balls drop from near the top of the shell. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of the TiOis presented in Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b respectively. It is the magnified image (Magnification:

SEM image of TiO2 before ball milling (Magnification: 60KX)

Preparation of Nanofluid Preparation of Nanofluid involves two steps, in first Nano powder is dissolved in the base fluid (coolant) and then sonication of Nanofluid is done. TiOmagnetic stirrer method. The required amount of titanium dioxide powder is dissolved into the base fluid (40% ethylene glycol & 60% water) per 1 litre by placing the beakers on the magnetic stirrer with magnetic pellets in them and stiruniformly dispersed into the base fluid. The fluid is continuously stirred for 10 hours both in

clockwise directions. The direction of rotation is changed for every two hours. The rotational speed range is of 800 to 900 rpm. For the present study the volume concentrations of nanofluid 0.2 % v is chosen. The details of NanoNanofluid is presented in Table.1. Sonication is used to for the stabilization of Nanofluid.

of applying sound energy to agitate particles in the fluid. The period of sonication is 6 hours per litre of fluid and the frequency of sonication is 50 kHz. The fluid properties are discussed in the next section.

Amount of Nano powder used for d

% volume concentration Weight in g / 100ml

Properties of Nanofluid preparation the fluid property and thermal property of the fluid is to be

known for calculation. Hence the viscosity, thermal conductivity and shear stress are found for all three different concentration of fluid with different temperatures. Dynamic viscothe fluid is measured using the viscometer. In general, either the fluid remains stationary and an object moves through it, or the object is stationary and the fluid moves past it. The drag


asp 609

Size of the metal powers is reduced to nano meters by using ball milling. used to grind and blend materials for use in mineral dressing processes,

selective laser sintering. It works on the principle of impact and attrition: size reduction is done by impact as the balls drop from near the top of the shell. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of the TiOis presented in Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b respectively. It is the magnified image (Magnification:

before ball Figure milling (Magnification: 60KX)

Preparation of Nanofluid involves two steps, in first Nano powder is dissolved in the base fluid (coolant) and then sonication of Nanofluid is done. TiOmagnetic stirrer method. The required amount of titanium dioxide powder is dissolved into the base fluid (40% ethylene glycol & 60% water) per 1 litre by placing the beakers on the magnetic stirrer with magnetic pellets in them and stiruniformly dispersed into the base fluid. The fluid is continuously stirred for 10 hours both in

clockwise directions. The direction of rotation is changed for every ge is of 800 to 900 rpm. For the present study the volume

concentrations of nanofluid 0.2 % v is chosen. The details of NanoSonication is used to for the stabilization of Nanofluid.

of applying sound energy to agitate particles in the fluid. The period of sonication is 6 hours per litre of fluid and the frequency of sonication is 50 kHz. The fluid properties are discussed in the next section.

Amount of Nano powder used for different concentration of Nanofluids

Weight in g / 100ml0.21158

preparation the fluid property and thermal property of the fluid is to be known for calculation. Hence the viscosity, thermal conductivity and shear stress are found for all three different concentration of fluid with different temperatures. Dynamic viscothe fluid is measured using the viscometer. In general, either the fluid remains stationary and an object moves through it, or the object is stationary and the fluid moves past it. The drag


Size of the metal powers is reduced to nano meters by using ball milling. used to grind and blend materials for use in mineral dressing processes,

selective laser sintering. It works on the principle of impact and attrition: size reduction is done by impact as the balls drop from near the top of the shell. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of the TiO2 powder is presented in Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b respectively. It is the magnified image (Magnification:

Figure 1 (b) SEM image of TiOmilling (Magnification: 60KX)

Preparation of Nanofluid involves two steps, in first Nano powder is dissolved in the base fluid (coolant) and then sonication of Nanofluid is done. TiO2 Nanofluid imagnetic stirrer method. The required amount of titanium dioxide powder is dissolved into the base fluid (40% ethylene glycol & 60% water) per 1 litre by placing the beakers on the magnetic stirrer with magnetic pellets in them and stirring is done. Nano particles are uniformly dispersed into the base fluid. The fluid is continuously stirred for 10 hours both in



of applying sound energy to agitate particles in the fluid. The period of sonication is 6 hours per litre of fluid and the frequency of sonication is 50 kHz. The fluid

ifferent concentration of Nanofluids

Weight in g / 100ml 0.21158



[email protected]

Size of the metal powers is reduced to nano meters by using ball milling. Aused to grind and blend materials for use in mineral dressing processes,

selective laser sintering. It works on the principle of impact and attrition: size reduction is done by impact as the balls drop from near the top of the shell.

powder before and after ball milling is presented in Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b respectively. It is the magnified image (Magnification:

SEM image of TiOmilling (Magnification: 60KX)

Preparation of Nanofluid involves two steps, in first Nano powder is dissolved in the base Nanofluid is prepared by using

magnetic stirrer method. The required amount of titanium dioxide powder is dissolved into the base fluid (40% ethylene glycol & 60% water) per 1 litre by placing the beakers on the

ring is done. Nano particles are uniformly dispersed into the base fluid. The fluid is continuously stirred for 10 hours both in





Weight in g / 1000ml2.116



[email protected]

A ball mill used to grind and blend materials for use in mineral dressing processes,


before and after ball milling is presented in Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b respectively. It is the magnified image (Magnification:

SEM image of TiO2 after ball milling (Magnification: 60KX)

Preparation of Nanofluid involves two steps, in first Nano powder is dissolved in the base s prepared by using




concentrations of nanofluid 0.2 % v is chosen. The details of Nano-powders used for Sonication is used to for the stabilization of Nanofluid.



Weight in g / 1000ml 2.116


[email protected]

is a type used to grind and blend materials for use in mineral dressing processes, paints,


before and after ball milling is presented in Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b respectively. It is the magnified image (Magnification:

after ball

Preparation of Nanofluid involves two steps, in first Nano powder is dissolved in the base s prepared by using




powders used for Sonication is used to for the stabilization of Nanofluid.


preparation the fluid property and thermal property of the fluid is to be known for calculation. Hence the viscosity, thermal conductivity and shear stress are found for all three different concentration of fluid with different temperatures. Dynamic viscosity of the fluid is measured using the viscometer. In general, either the fluid remains stationary and an object moves through it, or the object is stationary and the fluid moves past it. The drag



caused by relative motion of the fluid and a surface is a measure of the viscosity. For the measurement of viscosity the multi point analysis viscometer is used at three different points with the speed of 50 rpm. Values of dynamic viscosity (cp) and shear stress (dyne/cm2) are presented in Table 2. Nanofluid viscosity is measured at a temperature from 50°C to 80°C for three

Table 2 Dynamic viscosity and shear stress of Nanofluid for different temperatures

Concentration Viscosity (cp) Shear stress (dyne/cm2) 50° C 60° C 70° C 80° C 50° C 60° C 70° C 80° C

0.2%v 2.16 0.72 1.14 1.32 1.43 0.48 0.75 0.66

Generally as temperature increases the viscosity of fluid should decrease. But in our case of Nanofluids there is no exact pattern of increment or decrement. For lower concentrations of 0.2%v follows the path of decrement over a temperature range of 50-65 °C. But further increase in temperature leads to increase in viscosity. Further to this for the fluid with higher concentration of nanoparticle the trend is highly inconsistent. Also, the shear stress values observed to be similar. The next important property of fluid involves in the calculation of heat transfer is thermal conductivity. It is measured by a probe which can generate vibrations and detect temperatures. The probe gives the conductivity directly without any complexity. Generally glycerine is considered as reference fluid.

Variation of Nanofluid thermal conductivity with respect to temperature is presented in Table 3. Generally thermal conductivity of water increases with temperature up to 160°C. But in case of Nanofluid there is no exact pattern followed as shown in the above graph. As the concentration of Nanofluid increased, thermal conductivity decreased gradually as temperature increased. At the higher temperature of 80°C, thermal conductivity of 0.2%v has a lowest value.

Table 3 Thermal conductivity of Nanofluid at different temperatures Concentration Thermal conductivity (W/m-K) error

50° C 60° C 70° C 80° C 50° C 60° C 70° C 80° C

0.2%v 0.542 0.661 0.626 0.203 0.0168 0.0358 0.1753 0.1555

3. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP The schematic and test rig the used for the present study is presented in Fig. 3a and Fig. 3b respectively. The experimental setup includes a tank to store the coolant, electrical heater with rheostat, a pump, a digital flow meter, CPVC (chlorinated poly vinyl chloride) pipes, valves, AC power supply and digital thermocouples (K-type) for temperature measurement heat exchanger. An electrical heater inside a stainless steel storage tank put to represent the engine and to increase the fluid to the temperature to the level of cylinder outlet temperature. Rheostat regulates the power to keep the inlet temperature to the radiator from 50° to 80 C. A flow meter and two valves used to measure and control the flow rate. The fluid flows through tubes (0.5in.) by a centrifugal pump (0.5hp) from the tank to the radiator at different flow rate ranges. The tank is well insulated to minimize the heat losses. Top of the tank is closed with insulator to avoid evaporation of coolant. The total volume of the circulating fluid is three Litres and constant in all the experimental steps. Two thermocouples of ‘K type’ are used; first thermocouple is fixed at the inlet and second is at the outlet of the radiator. Digital thermocouple type K has been fixed to the radiator surface to record radiator surface temperature. Calibration of thermocouples and thermometers are carried out by using a


constant temperature water bath and their accuracy estimated to be 0.15has staggered fins and 32 flat vertical Aluminium tubes with flat cross sectional area. For heating the working fluid an electric heater of capacitmaintain the temperature range from 50 ͦ C to 80 ͦ C.

Figure

Radiator is connected to the tank with the help of CPVC pipes. Outlet of the pump is connected to the inlet to the radiator. Outlet of the radiator is connected to the tank. In order maintain the flow rates a backflow line is maintained in the circuit. The heat transfer coefficient in the radiator is estimated for the coolant flowing in the radiator. The heat transfer rate to the coolant is estimated using equation

=The detailed specifications of the various components used in the experiment are

presented in Table 4. The detailed results of the various parametric studies are discussed in the subsequent

4. RESULTS AND DISCUPerformance of radiator is analysed for four different trials. Among four cases three are with different concentration of Nanofluid and one trial is with the base fluid. The detail of the results for each case is discussed in this section.

Y. Sai Nikhil



Figure 3 (a) Schematic of experimental set up

Table 4 S

Pipes Flow meter ThermocouplesHeater Pump Temperature Rheostat Tank

Radiator


= ∗ ∗ ∆The detailed specifications of the various components used in the experiment are

presented in Table 4. The detailed results of the various parametric studies are discussed in the subsequent section.

RESULTS AND DISCUPerformance of radiator is analysed for four different trials. Among four cases three are with different concentration of Nanofluid and one trial is with the base fluid. The detail of the results for each case is discussed in this section.




Schematic of experimental set up

Table 4 Specifications of the components used in the experiment

component

Flow meter Thermocouples

Temperature Rheostat

Radiator


∆ = ∗The detailed specifications of the various components used in the experiment are

presented in Table 4. The detailed results of the various parametric studies are discussed in section.

RESULTS AND DISCUPerformance of radiator is analysed for four different trials. Among four cases three are with different concentration of Nanofluid and one trial is with the base fluid. The detail of the results for each case is discussed in this section.


IJMET/index.asp



pecifications of the components used in the experiment

component

Temperature Rheostat


∗ ( −The detailed specifications of the various components used in the experiment are

presented in Table 4. The detailed results of the various parametric studies are discussed in

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONPerformance of radiator is analysed for four different trials. Among four cases three are with different concentration of Nanofluid and one trial is with the base fluid. The detail of the results for each case is discussed in this section.


asp 611




C PVC pipes Graftel S-114K-Type thermocouplesBrass coated (1000 W)0.5 hp Range: 30-110°CStainless steelCore width : 315mmFin thickness : 0.01cmFin type : RuffledTubes arrangement : Staggered

Radiator is connected to the tank with the help of CPVC pipes. Outlet of the pump is connected to the inlet to the radiator. Outlet of the radiator is connected to the tank. In order maintain the flow rates a backflow line is maintained in the circuit. The heat transfer coefficient in the radiator is estimated for the coolant flowing in the radiator. The heat transfer rate to the coolant is estimated using equation-1.

) The detailed specifications of the various components used in the experiment are


SSION Performance of radiator is analysed for four different trials. Among four cases three are with different concentration of Nanofluid and one trial is with the base fluid. The detail of the results for each case is discussed in this section.


constant temperature water bath and their accuracy estimated to be 0.15has staggered fins and 32 flat vertical Aluminium tubes with flat cross sectional area. For heating the working fluid an electric heater of capacity 1000 watt and rheostat is used to maintain the temperature range from 50 ͦ C to 80 ͦ C.

Figure 3 (b)


SpecificationC PVC pipes – ¾ inch diameter

114 Type thermocouples

Brass coated (1000 W)

110°C Stainless steel Core width : 315mm

thickness : 0.01cm Fin type : Ruffled Tubes arrangement : Staggered

Radiator is connected to the tank with the help of CPVC pipes. Outlet of the pump is connected to the inlet to the radiator. Outlet of the radiator is connected to the tank. In order maintain the flow rates a backflow line is maintained in the circuit. The heat transfer coefficient in the radiator is estimated for the coolant flowing in the radiator. The heat transfer

The detailed specifications of the various components used in the experiment are


Performance of radiator is analysed for four different trials. Among four cases three are with different concentration of Nanofluid and one trial is with the base fluid. The detail of the


[email protected]

constant temperature water bath and their accuracy estimated to be 0.15has staggered fins and 32 flat vertical Aluminium tubes with flat cross sectional area. For

y 1000 watt and rheostat is used to

Figure 3 (b) Experimental test rig


Specification ¾ inch diameter

Tubes arrangement : Staggered Radiator is connected to the tank with the help of CPVC pipes. Outlet of the pump is

connected to the inlet to the radiator. Outlet of the radiator is connected to the tank. In order maintain the flow rates a backflow line is maintained in the circuit. The heat transfer coefficient in the radiator is estimated for the coolant flowing in the radiator. The heat transfer





[email protected]

C. The car radiator has staggered fins and 32 flat vertical Aluminium tubes with flat cross sectional area. For


Experimental test rig


Radiator is connected to the tank with the help of CPVC pipes. Outlet of the pump is connected to the inlet to the radiator. Outlet of the radiator is connected to the tank. In order maintain the flow rates a backflow line is maintained in the circuit. The heat transfer coefficient in the radiator is estimated for the coolant flowing in the radiator. The heat transfer

(1) The detailed specifications of the various components used in the experiment are



[email protected]

C. The car radiator has staggered fins and 32 flat vertical Aluminium tubes with flat cross sectional area. For


Experimental test rig

Radiator is connected to the tank with the help of CPVC pipes. Outlet of the pump is connected to the inlet to the radiator. Outlet of the radiator is connected to the tank. In order to maintain the flow rates a backflow line is maintained in the circuit. The heat transfer coefficient in the radiator is estimated for the coolant flowing in the radiator. The heat transfer





4.1. ExpExperiment with base fluid is carried out with three different flow rates (2, 4, 6 lit/min) and for three different coolant inlet temperatures (50°C, 60°C, and 70°C) and for each case the surface are presented in the Table 5. Also the radiator coolant outlet temperature with different flow rate is presented in Figure 4. Since there is increase in the flow rate oftime of the fluid within the tube decreases. It results in less temperature drop of in the coolant. Since the volume of flow is high the total heat transfer increases.

Table 5

Flow rate (lit/min)

2 4 6

4.2. Experiment with 0.2%V CExperiment with 0.2%V concentration of Nanofluidflow rates (2, 4, 6 lit/min) and for three different coolant inlet temperatures (50°C, 60°C, and 70°C) and for each case the surface temperature and the coolant outlet temperature and the heat transfer from the radtemperature with different flow rate is presented in Figure 5.

For lower concentration of nanofluid, the temperature drop of the inlet fluid and the heat transferred is maximum compared tlot of heat dissipated in to the surroundings. Temperature drop is 0.3°C more than the base fluid case. As the flow rate is increased the heat transferred increases and the temperature drop decre



40

42.5

45

47.5

50

52.5

55

57.5

60

62.5

Tem

pera

ture

°c

Experiment with base fluid (40% ethylene glycol and 60% water)Experiment with base fluid is carried out with three different flow rates (2, 4, 6 lit/min) and for three different coolant inlet temperatures (50°C, 60°C, and 70°C) and for each case the surface temperature and the coolant outlet temperature and the heat transfer from the radiator are presented in the Table 5. Also the radiator coolant outlet temperature with different flow rate is presented in Figure 4. Since there is increase in the flow rate oftime of the fluid within the tube decreases. It results in less temperature drop of in the coolant. Since the volume of flow is high the total heat transfer increases.

Table 5 Amount of heat transfer by radiator with different fl

Flow rate (lit/min) Tsur

46 46 46.5

Figure

. Experiment with 0.2%V CExperiment with 0.2%V concentration of Nanofluidflow rates (2, 4, 6 lit/min) and for three different coolant inlet temperatures (50°C, 60°C, and 70°C) and for each case the surface temperature and the coolant outlet temperature and the heat transfer from the radtemperature with different flow rate is presented in Figure 5.

For lower concentration of nanofluid, the temperature drop of the inlet fluid and the heat transferred is maximum compared tlot of heat dissipated in to the surroundings. Temperature drop is 0.3°C more than the base fluid case. As the flow rate is increased the heat transferred increases and the temperature drop decreases.



42.2

51

60.5

2

eriment with base fluid (40% ethylene glycol and 60% water)Experiment with base fluid is carried out with three different flow rates (2, 4, 6 lit/min) and for three different coolant inlet temperatures (50°C, 60°C, and 70°C) and for each case the

temperature and the coolant outlet temperature and the heat transfer from the radiator are presented in the Table 5. Also the radiator coolant outlet temperature with different flow rate is presented in Figure 4. Since there is increase in the flow rate oftime of the fluid within the tube decreases. It results in less temperature drop of in the coolant. Since the volume of flow is high the total heat transfer increases.

Amount of heat transfer by radiator with different fl

50°C Tout

42.2 42.7

42.9

Figure 4 Variation of coolant outlet temperature for different flow rates

. Experiment with 0.2%V CExperiment with 0.2%V concentration of Nanofluidflow rates (2, 4, 6 lit/min) and for three different coolant inlet temperatures (50°C, 60°C, and 70°C) and for each case the surface temperature and the coolant outlet temperature and the heat transfer from the radiator are presented in the Table 6. Also the radiator coolant outlet temperature with different flow rate is presented in Figure 5.

For lower concentration of nanofluid, the temperature drop of the inlet fluid and the heat transferred is maximum compared tlot of heat dissipated in to the surroundings. Temperature drop is 0.3°C more than the base fluid case. As the flow rate is increased the heat transferred increases and the temperature


IJMET/index.asp



Amount of heat transfer by radiator with different fl

Coolant inlet temperature

Q (kW) 0.90 1.71 2.49

Variation of coolant outlet temperature for different flow rates

. Experiment with 0.2%V Concentration Experiment with 0.2%V concentration of Nanofluidflow rates (2, 4, 6 lit/min) and for three different coolant inlet temperatures (50°C, 60°C, and 70°C) and for each case the surface temperature and the coolant outlet temperature and the

iator are presented in the Table 6. Also the radiator coolant outlet temperature with different flow rate is presented in Figure 5.

For lower concentration of nanofluid, the temperature drop of the inlet fluid and the heat transferred is maximum compared to the other fluids. As the flow rate is increased there is a lot of heat dissipated in to the surroundings. Temperature drop is 0.3°C more than the base fluid case. As the flow rate is increased the heat transferred increases and the temperature


asp 612

42.7

51.2

60.9

4

Flow rate lit/min



Amount of heat transfer by radiator with different fltemperature

Coolant inlet temperature 60°C

Tsur T54.9 5155 51.2

54.3 51.5


oncentration Experiment with 0.2%V concentration of Nanofluidflow rates (2, 4, 6 lit/min) and for three different coolant inlet temperatures (50°C, 60°C, and 70°C) and for each case the surface temperature and the coolant outlet temperature and the


For lower concentration of nanofluid, the temperature drop of the inlet fluid and the heat o the other fluids. As the flow rate is increased there is a

lot of heat dissipated in to the surroundings. Temperature drop is 0.3°C more than the base fluid case. As the flow rate is increased the heat transferred increases and the temperature


42.9

51.5

61.3

6

Flow rate lit/min



Amount of heat transfer by radiator with different flow rate for differtemperature

Coolant inlet temperature 60°C Tout Q (kW)51 1.04

51.2 2.0651.5 2.98


Experiment with 0.2%V concentration of Nanofluid is also carried out with three different flow rates (2, 4, 6 lit/min) and for three different coolant inlet temperatures (50°C, 60°C, and 70°C) and for each case the surface temperature and the coolant outlet temperature and the





[email protected]


temperature and the coolant outlet temperature and the heat transfer from the radiator are presented in the Table 5. Also the radiator coolant outlet temperature with different flow rate is presented in Figure 4. Since there is increase in the flow rate of the coolant, the contact time of the fluid within the tube decreases. It results in less temperature drop of in the coolant. Since the volume of flow is high the total heat transfer increases.

rate for differ


Q (kW) Tsur 1.04 63.2 2.06 63.7 2.98 64.1


is also carried out with three different flow rates (2, 4, 6 lit/min) and for three different coolant inlet temperatures (50°C, 60°C, and 70°C) and for each case the surface temperature and the coolant outlet temperature and the

iator are presented in the Table 6. Also the radiator coolant outlet




[email protected]

50

60

70

eriment with base fluid (40% ethylene glycol and 60% water) Experiment with base fluid is carried out with three different flow rates (2, 4, 6 lit/min) and for three different coolant inlet temperatures (50°C, 60°C, and 70°C) and for each case the

temperature and the coolant outlet temperature and the heat transfer from the radiator are presented in the Table 5. Also the radiator coolant outlet temperature with different flow

the coolant, the contact time of the fluid within the tube decreases. It results in less temperature drop of in the coolant.

rate for different coolant inlet

70°C Tout

60.5 60.9 61.3






[email protected]

Experiment with base fluid is carried out with three different flow rates (2, 4, 6 lit/min) and for three different coolant inlet temperatures (50°C, 60°C, and 70°C) and for each case the

temperature and the coolant outlet temperature and the heat transfer from the radiator are presented in the Table 5. Also the radiator coolant outlet temperature with different flow

the coolant, the contact time of the fluid within the tube decreases. It results in less temperature drop of in the coolant.

ent coolant inlet

Q (kW) 1.10 2.14 3.05






Table 6

Flow rate (lit/min)

2 4 6

5. CONCLUSIONPresent study is carried out to improve the cooling performance of automobile radiators. Study involves two major categories, i.e. (i) Nanofluid preparation from TiOExperimentation with base fluid and Nanofluid. In the first, the TiOmilling to arrive the nano size particle and Nanofluid is prepared by magnetic stirrer method. Further sonication is used for the stabilisation of the fluid. Also the properties of Nanofluids are found before initiating the experiment.

The experimental study is carried out with base fluid and with Titanium based (TiOnanofluid with volume concentrations 0.2% V with the range of coolant inlet temperatures (50°C to 80°C). Detailed results are discussed in the results and discussion sectioconclusions of the study are

For TiO

For lower flow rates the temperature drop is higher than at higher flow rates.

At higher temperatures and lower flow rates, Nanofluids show higFurther to this study the nanofluid with different concentration has to be carried

further understanding of performance of the radiator.

Y. Sai Nikhil


Table 6 Amount of heat transfer by radiator with different flowrate for diffe

Flow rate (lit/min) Tsur

44.8 44.3 44.7

Figure

CONCLUSIONPresent study is carried out to improve the cooling performance of automobile radiators. Study involves two major categories, i.e. (i) Nanofluid preparation from TiOExperimentation with base fluid and Nanofluid. In the first, the TiOmilling to arrive the nano size particle and Nanofluid is prepared by magnetic stirrer method. Further sonication is used for the stabilisation of the fluid. Also the properties of Nanofluids are found before initiating the experiment.

he experimental study is carried out with base fluid and with Titanium based (TiOnanofluid with volume concentrations 0.2% V with the range of coolant inlet temperatures (50°C to 80°C). Detailed results are discussed in the results and discussion sectioconclusions of the study are

For TiO2 Nanofluid the heat transferred is higher than the base fluid




40424446485052545658606264

Tem

pera

ture

°C



Amount of heat transfer by radiator with different flowrate for diffe

50°C Tout 41.9 42 42.1

Figure 5 Variation of coolant outlet temperature for different flow rate

CONCLUSIONS Present study is carried out to improve the cooling performance of automobile radiators. Study involves two major categories, i.e. (i) Nanofluid preparation from TiOExperimentation with base fluid and Nanofluid. In the first, the TiOmilling to arrive the nano size particle and Nanofluid is prepared by magnetic stirrer method. Further sonication is used for the stabilisation of the fluid. Also the properties of Nanofluids are found before initiating the experiment.

he experimental study is carried out with base fluid and with Titanium based (TiOnanofluid with volume concentrations 0.2% V with the range of coolant inlet temperatures (50°C to 80°C). Detailed results are discussed in the results and discussion sectioconclusions of the study are

Nanofluid the heat transferred is higher than the base fluid




41.9

51

60

2


IJMET/index.asp

Amount of heat transfer by radiator with different flowrate for diffe


Q (kW) 1.84 3.70 5.44

Variation of coolant outlet temperature for different flow rate

Present study is carried out to improve the cooling performance of automobile radiators. Study involves two major categories, i.e. (i) Nanofluid preparation from TiOExperimentation with base fluid and Nanofluid. In the first, the TiOmilling to arrive the nano size particle and Nanofluid is prepared by magnetic stirrer method. Further sonication is used for the stabilisation of the fluid. Also the properties of Nanofluids are found before initiating the experiment.

he experimental study is carried out with base fluid and with Titanium based (TiOnanofluid with volume concentrations 0.2% V with the range of coolant inlet temperatures (50°C to 80°C). Detailed results are discussed in the results and discussion sectio





flow rate lit/min


asp 613

Amount of heat transfer by radiator with different flowrate for diffetemperature

Coolant inlet temperature 60°C

Tsur T53 51

51.5 51.151.3 51.2


Present study is carried out to improve the cooling performance of automobile radiators. Study involves two major categories, i.e. (i) Nanofluid preparation from TiOExperimentation with base fluid and Nanofluid. In the first, the TiOmilling to arrive the nano size particle and Nanofluid is prepared by magnetic stirrer method. Further sonication is used for the stabilisation of the fluid. Also the properties of Nanofluids are found before initiating the experiment.






42

51.1

60.5

4flow rate lit/min


Amount of heat transfer by radiator with different flowrate for diffetemperature

Coolant inlet temperature 60°C Tout Q (kW)51 2.05

51.1 4.1151.2 6.10


Present study is carried out to improve the cooling performance of automobile radiators. Study involves two major categories, i.e. (i) Nanofluid preparation from TiOExperimentation with base fluid and Nanofluid. In the first, the TiOmilling to arrive the nano size particle and Nanofluid is prepared by magnetic stirrer method. Further sonication is used for the stabilisation of the fluid. Also the properties of Nanofluids






flow rate lit/min


[email protected]

Amount of heat transfer by radiator with different flowrate for different coolant inlet


Q (kW) Tsur 2.05 63 4.11 62.4 6.10 62.8


Present study is carried out to improve the cooling performance of automobile radiators. Study involves two major categories, i.e. (i) Nanofluid preparation from TiOExperimentation with base fluid and Nanofluid. In the first, the TiO2 imilling to arrive the nano size particle and Nanofluid is prepared by magnetic stirrer method. Further sonication is used for the stabilisation of the fluid. Also the properties of Nanofluids




At higher temperatures and lower flow rates, Nanofluids show higher heat transfer.Further to this study the nanofluid with different concentration has to be carried

42.1

51.2

61

6


[email protected]

rent coolant inlet

70°C Tout

60 60.5 61


Present study is carried out to improve the cooling performance of automobile radiators. Study involves two major categories, i.e. (i) Nanofluid preparation from TiO2 particle and (ii)

is powered by ball milling to arrive the nano size particle and Nanofluid is prepared by magnetic stirrer method. Further sonication is used for the stabilisation of the fluid. Also the properties of Nanofluids

he experimental study is carried out with base fluid and with Titanium based (TiOnanofluid with volume concentrations 0.2% V with the range of coolant inlet temperatures (50°C to 80°C). Detailed results are discussed in the results and discussion section; the major


her heat transfer. Further to this study the nanofluid with different concentration has to be carried

506070

[email protected]

rent coolant inlet

Q (kW) 2.3

6.05 6.2

Present study is carried out to improve the cooling performance of automobile radiators. particle and (ii)

s powered by ball milling to arrive the nano size particle and Nanofluid is prepared by magnetic stirrer method. Further sonication is used for the stabilisation of the fluid. Also the properties of Nanofluids

he experimental study is carried out with base fluid and with Titanium based (TiO2) nanofluid with volume concentrations 0.2% V with the range of coolant inlet temperatures

n; the major

Further to this study the nanofluid with different concentration has to be carried out for



ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors are thankful to the Prof. C. Ramesh kumar and staffs for providing the facility in the Engine testing Laboratory, VIT University and also thankful to the Lab in-charges and staffs of Nano technology Laboratory, VIT university for providing the facility for preparation of Nanofluid.

REFERENCES [1] Masuda H et al, Alteration of Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity of liquid by dispersing

Ultra-fine particles, 1993, 227-33. [2] Sandhya et al, Improving the cooling performance of Automobile radiator with ethylene

glycol water based TiO2 based Nanofluid, International communications in International Heat and Mass Transfer pp.1-2, 2016

[3] Hussein et al, Heat transfer Enhancement using Nanofluids in an automotive cooling system, International communication of heat and mass transfer, 2014, 195-202

[4] Nieh et al., Enhanced heat dissipation of a radiator using oxide nano-coolant, international journal of Thermal Sciences,2014,252-61.

[5] Bhimani et al, Experimental study of heat transfer enhancement using water based Nanofluids as a new coolant for car radiator, Interntional journal of Emerging technology of Advanced Engineering, 2013, 295-302.

[6] Peyghambarzardeh et al, Experimental study of heat transfer enhancement using water/ethylene glycol based nanofluids as a new coolant for car radiators, International communication of Heat and Mass transfer, 2011, 83-90.

[7] Sundar L.S., et al, Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity of stabilized Ethylene glycol and water mixture of Aluminium oxide Nanofluids for heat transfer applications, International communications Heat and Mass Transfer, 2014, pp.86-95.

[8] Eastman J.A., et al., Measuring Thermal conductivity of fluids containing oxide nanoparticles, ASME Jpurnal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1999, 280-9.

[9] Hwang et al, Effective viscosities and Thermal conductivities of acquoes Nanofluids containing low volume concentrations of Al2O3 Nanoparticles, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2008, 51-6.

[10] Lee et al, Enhanced Thermal Conductivity through the development of Nanofluids, Mater Res Soc Symph Proc Journal, 1996, pp.3-11.

[11] Yu B et al, A new model for heat conduction of Nanofluids based on fractional distributions of Nanoparticles, J Phys D:Appl Phys 2006, 39.

[12] Mintsa et al, New temperature dependent Thermal conductivity data for water based Nanofluids, Internal journal of Thermal sciences, 2009, pp. 363-71.

[13] Aditya Mohan Sharma, Devendra Kumar and Arjun Tamizharasan. The “Pseudo Single Row” Radiator Design, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 7 (1), 2016, pp. 146-153

[14] Julie M Pardiwala, Femina J Patel and Sanjay S Patel, Photocatalytic Degradation of Rb21 Dye By Tio2 and Znounder Natural Sunlight, Microwave Irradiation and UV-Reactor. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology, 8(1), 2017, pp 01–07.

[15] T. Vijaya Kumar, Dr. K. V. Ramana and Dr R.B. Choudary, Spectroscopic Characterization of Mechanically Synthesized MoO3/TiO2 Composite Nanopowders, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 8(5), 2017, pp. 1051-1060.

experimental investi radiator performance using tio …€¦ · 0.2 % v, p. dinesh goud, b. girish...

Documents