experiment 1 identification of components and breadboard ... · pdf fileintroduction to...

INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ECE

KL UNIVERSITY 1

Experiment – 1

Identification of Components and Breadboard Realization

Aim:

Introduction to the lab and identification of various components and realization using bread board.

Hardware/Software Required:

1) Jumper/connecting Wires

2) Breadboard

3) Resistor

Procedure:

In this part, students are be familiarized with breadboard, various resistors and basic components.

To accomplish this experiment using Breadboard follow the steps as below:

1) Realize series, parallel connections and functioning of breadboard with understanding of

ground.

2) Practice connecting various resistors and connecting wires to understand given simple

sample circuit.

Circuit Realization:

In this section student should practice breadboard connections with random components and

connecting wires using various combinations in series and parallel.


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ARDUINO L

E

D

Experiment - 2

Interfacing LED to Arduino

Aim:

Write a program and demonstrate blinking of LED interfacing with Arduino UNO


1) Personal Computer

2) Arduino UNO Hardware

3) Arduino UNO Software

4) LED


6) Breadboard

7) Resistor (Optional)

Block Diagram:

Figure: Block diagram of Experiment

Procedure (Arduino Program Code & Hardware Implementation):

In this part, students should write a program to blink led by connecting on breadboard with

various delays of ON and OFF time.

To accomplish this experiment using Breadboard Arduino Board and Arduino software follow

the steps given below:

1) Open Arduino IDE.

2) On the Arduino menu, select file and create a new file.

3) Type the program as given below.

4) Go to sketch menu and click on select/verify.


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5) Rectify errors if any.

6) Connect Arduino and related components as shown in figure.

7) After connections select upload option from sketch menu.

8) Observe the output.

Program Code:

void setup() {

// initialize digital pin 13 as an output.

pinMode(13, OUTPUT);

}

// the loop function runs over and over again forever

void loop() {

digitalWrite(13, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)

delay(1000); // wait for a second

digitalWrite(13, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW

delay(1000); // wait for a second

}


Figure: Circuit connections


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Experiment - 3

Interfacing of Push Button to Arduino

Aim:

Write a program and demonstrate blinking of LED using switch interfacing with Arduino UNO.


1) Personal Computer



4) LED

5) Push Button


7) Breadboard

8) Resistor

Block Diagram:



In this part, students should write a program to read the state of a button connected to pin 2 (it

may be changed).









ARDUINO

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Program Code:

const int buttonPin = 2;

const int ledPin = 3;

int buttonState = 0;

void setup() {

pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);

pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);

}

void loop() {

buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin);

if (buttonState == HIGH)

{

digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);

}

else if (buttonState == LOW)

{

digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);

}

}




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ARDUINO

B

U

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T

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N

7-SEGMENT

LED

Experiment - 4

Interfacing of 7-Segment Display to Arduino

Aim:

Write a program and demonstrate 7-Segment display interfacing with Arduino UNO.




3) Seven Segment Display


5) Breadboard


Block Diagram:












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Program Code:

void setup() {

pinMode(2, OUTPUT);

pinMode(3, OUTPUT);

pinMode(4, OUTPUT);

pinMode(5, OUTPUT);

pinMode(6, OUTPUT);

pinMode(7, OUTPUT);

pinMode(8, OUTPUT);

pinMode(9, OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(9, 0); // start with the "dot" off

}

void loop()

{

// write '0'

digitalWrite(2, 1);

digitalWrite(3, 1);

digitalWrite(4, 1);

digitalWrite(5, 1);

digitalWrite(6, 1);

digitalWrite(7, 1);

digitalWrite(8, 0);

delay(1000);

// write '1'

digitalWrite(2, 0);

digitalWrite(3, 1);

digitalWrite(4, 1);

digitalWrite(5, 0);

digitalWrite(6, 0);

digitalWrite(7, 0);

digitalWrite(8, 0);

delay(1000);

// write '2'

digitalWrite(2, 1);

digitalWrite(3, 1);

digitalWrite(4, 0);

digitalWrite(5, 1);

digitalWrite(6, 1);

digitalWrite(7, 0);

digitalWrite(8, 1);

digitalWrite(2, 1);

digitalWrite(3, 0);

digitalWrite(4, 1);

digitalWrite(5, 1);

digitalWrite(6, 0);

digitalWrite(7, 1);

digitalWrite(8, 1);

delay(1000);

// write '6'

digitalWrite(2, 1);

digitalWrite(3, 0);

digitalWrite(4, 1);

digitalWrite(5, 1);

digitalWrite(6, 1);

digitalWrite(7, 1);

digitalWrite(8, 1);

delay(1000);

// write '7'

digitalWrite(2, 1);

digitalWrite(3, 1);

digitalWrite(4, 1);

digitalWrite(5, 0);

digitalWrite(6, 0);

digitalWrite(7, 0);

digitalWrite(8, 0);

delay(1000);

// write '8'

digitalWrite(2, 1);

digitalWrite(3, 1);

digitalWrite(4, 1);

digitalWrite(5, 1);

digitalWrite(6, 1);

digitalWrite(7, 1);

digitalWrite(8, 1);

delay(1000);

// write '9'

digitalWrite(2, 1);

digitalWrite(3, 1);

digitalWrite(4, 1);

digitalWrite(5, 1);


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delay(1000);

// write '3'

digitalWrite(2, 1);

digitalWrite(3, 1);

digitalWrite(4, 1);

digitalWrite(5, 1);

digitalWrite(6, 0);

digitalWrite(7, 0);

digitalWrite(8, 1);

delay(1000);

// write '4'

digitalWrite(2, 0);

digitalWrite(3, 1);

digitalWrite(4, 1);

digitalWrite(5, 0);

digitalWrite(6, 0);

digitalWrite(7, 1);

digitalWrite(8, 1);

delay(1000);

// write '5'

digitalWrite(6, 0);

digitalWrite(7, 1);

digitalWrite(8, 1);

delay(1000);

}




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Figure: On board connections example


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ARDUINO

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LCD

Experiment - 5

Interfacing of LCD Display to Arduino

Aim:

Write a program and demonstrate liquid crystal display (LCD) interfacing with Arduino UNO.




3) LCD


5) Breadboard


Block Diagram:













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Program Code:

// include the LCD library

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

// initialize the library with the numbers of the interface pins

LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2);

void setup()

{

// set up the LCD's number of columns and rows:

lcd.begin(16, 2);

}

void loop()

{

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print("EMBEDDED SYSTEMS");


lcd.print("KLU HYDERABAD");

}




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ARDUINO DC MOTOR

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V

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DC MOTOR

Experiment - 6

Interfacing of DC Motor with Arduino

Aim:

Write a program and demonstrate DC Motor interfacing with Arduino UNO.




3) DC Motor

4) Motor Driver


6) Breadboard


Block Diagram:












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Program Code:


LiquidCrystal lcd(13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8);

//RF Robot

int sw1 =4;

int sw2 =5;

int sw3 =6;

int out1=2;

int out2=3;

void setup()

{

pinMode(out1,OUTPUT);

pinMode(out2,OUTPUT);

pinMode(sw1,INPUT);

pinMode(sw2,INPUT);

lcd.begin(16, 2);

lcd.print("DC MOTOR");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("CONTROL");

delay(1000);

}

void loop()

{

digitalWrite(sw1,HIGH);

digitalWrite(sw2,HIGH);

if ((digitalRead(sw1)==LOW) && (digitalRead(sw2)==HIGH))

{

digitalWrite(out1,HIGH);

digitalWrite(out2,LOW);


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lcd.clear();

lcd.print("MOTOR CCW");

delay(500);

}

else if ((digitalRead(sw1)==HIGH) && (digitalRead(sw2)==LOW))

{


digitalWrite(out2,HIGH);

lcd.clear();

lcd.print("MOTOR CW");

delay(500);

}

else if ((digitalRead(sw1)==HIGH) && (digitalRead(sw2)==HIGH) &&

(digitalRead(sw3)==LOW))

{



lcd.clear();

lcd.print("MOTOR STOP");

delay(500);

}

}


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Figure: Possible Circuit with Display connections



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ARDUINO LM35

(TEMP.

SENSOR)

MONITOR

Experiment - 7

Interfacing Temperature Sensor (LM35) to Arduino

Aim:

Write a program and demonstrate LM-35 (temperature sensor) interfacing with Arduino UNO.




3) LM-35

4) Display (Optional)


6) Breadboard


Block Diagram:












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Program Code:


LiquidCrystal lcd(12,11,5,4,3,2);

int tempPin = A0; // the output pin of LM35

int temp;

void setup()

{

Serial.begin(9600);

lcd.begin(16,2);

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("TEMPERATURE");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("INDICATOR");

delay(2000);

lcd.clear();

}

void loop()

{

temp = 0.48828125*analogRead(A0);

Serial.print("Temperature:");

Serial.print(temp);

Serial.println("degree");

lcd.print("TEMP: ");

lcd.print(temp); // display the temperature

lcd.print(" C ");

delay(500);

lcd.clear();

}



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Figure: Possible Circuit with Display connections



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ARDUINO

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O

N

R

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L

A

Y

B

U

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B

Experiment - 8

Interfacing of Relay to Arduino

Aim:

Write a program and demonstrate relay interfacing with Arduino UNO to glow a bulb.




3) LM-35



6) Breadboard


Block Diagram:













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Program Code:

void setup() {

// initialize digital pin 5 as an output.

pinMode(5, OUTPUT);

}


void loop() {

digitalWrite(5, HIGH); // turn the Relay on (HIGH is the voltage level)

delay(3000); // wait for 3 seconds

digitalWrite(5, LOW); // turn the Relay off by making the voltage LOW

delay(5000); // wait for 5 seconds

}




KL UNIVERSITY 22

ARDUINO LDR

MONITOR

Experiment - 9

Interfacing LDR Sensor with Arduino

Aim:

Write a program and demonstrate light dependent register (LDR) interfacing with Arduino UNO.




3) LDR



6) Breadboard


Block Diagram:













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Program Code:

void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600);

}


void loop() {

int x=analogRead(A0);

Serial.println(x);

Int y=x/4;

analogWrite(5,y);

delay(100);

}




KL UNIVERSITY 24

ARDUINO DH11

MONITOR

Experiment - 10

Interfacing of Humidity and Temperature Sensor(DHT11) to Arduino

Aim:

Write a program and display temperature and humidity by interfacing DHT 11 with Arduino UNO.




3) DHT11



6) Breadboard


Block Diagram:






2) Import DHT11 Library






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Program Code:

#include "DHT.h"

#define DHTPIN 2 // what pin we're connected to

#define DHTTYPE DHT11 // DHT 11

DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);


LiquidCrystal lcd( 12, 11, 7, 6, 5, 4);

void setup()

{

// set up the LCD's number of columns and rows:

lcd.begin(16,2);

dht.begin();

}

void loop() {

// Reading temperature or humidity takes about 250 milliseconds!

// Sensor readings may also be up to 2 seconds 'old' (its a very slow sensor)

int h = dht.readHumidity();

int t = dht.readTemperature();


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// set the cursor to (0,0):


// print from 0 to 9:

lcd.print("Temp: ");

lcd.print(t);

lcd.print("C");

// set the cursor to (16,1):

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("Humidity: ");

lcd.print(h);

lcd.print("%");

delay(200);

}




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ARDUINO

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V

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STEPPER

MOTOR

Experiment - 11

Interfacing of Stepper Motor to Arduino

Aim:

Write a program and demonstrate rotation of stepper motor interfacing with Arduino UNO.




3) Stepper Motor

4) ULN2003 Driver



7) Breadboard


Block Diagram:












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Program Code:

/*

Stepper Motor Control - one revolution

This program drives a unipolar or bipolar stepper motor.

The motor is attached to digital pins 8 - 11 of the Arduino. The motor should revolve one

revolution in one direction, then one revolution in the other direction.

*/

#include <Stepper.h>

const int stepsPerRevolution = 200; // change this to fit the number of steps per revolution

// for your motor

// initialize the stepper library on pins 8 through 11:

Stepper myStepper(stepsPerRevolution, 8, 9, 10, 11);

void setup() {

// set the speed at 60 rpm:

myStepper.setSpeed(60);

// initialize the serial port:

Serial.begin(9600);

}

void loop() {

// step one revolution in one direction:

Serial.println("clockwise");

myStepper.step(stepsPerRevolution);

delay(500);

// step one revolution in the other direction:

Serial.println("counterclockwise");

myStepper.step(-stepsPerRevolution);

delay(500);

}



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Figure: On board circuit example


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ARDUINO MONITOR MQX

(GAS

SENSOR)

Experiment - 12

Interfacing of Gas Sensor(MQ2) to Arduino

Aim:

Write a program and demonstrate gas sensor (MQX) interfacing with Arduino UNO.




3) MQ2 Sensor



6) Breadboard


Block Diagram:













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Program Code:

void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600);

}


void loop() {

int x=analogRead(A0);

Serial.println(x);

delay(1000);

}


Figure:) On board circuit example


KL UNIVERSITY 32

ARDUINO 4-LED’s IR Sensor

Experiment - 13

Interfacing of IR Remote(TSOP-1738) to Arduino

Aim:

Write a program and demonstrate IR sensor TSOP-1738 interfacing with Arduino UNO




3) TSOP-1738

4) LEDs (It can be used for any other devise such as Television remote control)



7) Breadboard


Block Diagram:



By using arduino and IR Receiver TSOP 1738 we can decode any infrared remote code

into hex or some other format. Before constructing the circuit check datasheet of IR

receiver having in your hand, hence you can connect proper bias pins and output pin. To

accomplish this experiment using Breadboard Arduino Board and Arduino software follow the

steps given below:





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Figure: IR Sensor application for remote control

Figure: Final Connections


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Figure: On board circuit example

In this experiment first student have to execute the IRrecvDemo example program from the

arduino IR library example and decoded IR rays from remote.

(Note: If you have any error while running this library, remove “IRremoteTools.cpp” from

libraries\RobotIRremote\IRremoteTools.cpp)

Part1: Receiving IR Hex Code

Arduino Code for Receiving IR as Hex code is given in program 1.

Program Code 1:

#include <IRremote.h>

int RECV_PIN = 11;

IRrecv irrecv(RECV_PIN);

decode_results results;


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void setup()

{

Serial.begin(9600);

irrecv.enableIRIn(); // Start the receiver

}

void loop(){

if (irrecv.decode(&results)) {

Serial.println(results.value, HEX);

irrecv.resume(); // Receive the next value }

}

Part-2: Remote Control With Arduino

Then we used decoded data as switching condition in arduino sketch to turn on and off the three

LEDs.

Program Code 2:

#include <IRremote.h>

int RECV_PIN = 11; //

int output1 = 2;

int output2 = 4;

int output3 = 6;

int itsONled[] = {0,0,0,0};

#define code1 0xFF807F //

#define code2 0xFFA05F //

#define code3 0xFF906F //

IRrecv irrecv(RECV_PIN);

decode_results results;


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void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600); //

irrecv.enableIRIn(); //

pinMode(output1, OUTPUT);



}

void loop() {

if (irrecv.decode(&results)) {

unsigned int value = results.value;

switch(value) {

case code1:

if(itsONled[1] == 1) { //

digitalWrite(output1, LOW); //

itsONled[1] = 0; // } else { //

digitalWrite(output1, HIGH); //

itsONled[1] = 1; //

}

break;

case code2:


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if(itsONled[2] == 1) {

digitalWrite(output2, LOW);

itsONled[2] = 0; } else {

digitalWrite(output2, HIGH);

itsONled[2] = 1;

}

break;

case code3:

if(itsONled[3] == 1) {

digitalWrite(output3, LOW);

itsONled[3] = 0; } else {

digitalWrite(output3, HIGH);

itsONled[3] = 1;

}

break;

}

Serial.println(value); // you can comment this line

irrecv.resume(); // Receive the next value

}

}

experiment 1 identification of components and breadboard ... · pdf fileintroduction to...

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