experiences of small electronics companies to underpin circular … · 2015-12-10 · experiences...

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Experiences of Small Electronics Companies to Underpin Circular Economy Approaches by Means of Simplified Life Cycle Indicators

Karsten Schischke, Fraunhofer IZM

12.10.2015 Karsten Schischke

Dept. Environmental and Reliability Engineering

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Content

Fraunhofer

Introduction / Background

SME Mentoring Programme

Circular Economy Business Cases

Conclusions

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Overview Fraunhofer Gesellschaft

Information Technology Light & Surfaces Life Sciences Micro Electronics Production Defense & Security Materials &

Components

67 institutes 23,000 employees approx. 2 billion €

turnover approx. 70% contract

research

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Mission Fraunhofer IZM Bringing Microelectronics into Application

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Screening Life Cycle Assessments and review of LCA

Material efficiency indicators and assessments

Reverse engineering studies

Eco-benchmarks, indicators and energy efficiency metrics

Application of bio-based materials

Eco-design directive: Preparatory studies and compliance testing

Critical substances (“beyond RoHS”): supply chain management and substitution

Technology monitoring and policy consulting

Environmental assessments and eco-design The em issions of greenhouse gases over the w hole product life cycle is one indicator to verify, how "green" a product is. W ith our

business m odel and product design approach w e intend to m inim ise the footprint of our products.

The production of electronics parts and com ponents is very energy

intensive and thus also contributes significantly to greenhouse gas

em issions. Identifying the com ponents w ith the highest carbon footprint

in production guides us in our design decisions and our refurbishm ent

strategy.

Despite the selection of energy efficient com ponents for

our products, the use phase is still m ost dom inant in

term s of greenhouse gas em issions, actually due to the

long lifetim e. Pow er consum ption in the various m odes

contributes to global w arm ing. Adapt your use patterns to

Total Life Cycle

-100 0 100 200 300 400 500

Manufacturing (raw m aterials and product ion)

Repair / Replacem en t over l i fet ime (new spare parts usage)

Use

Material Recycling

Component Reuse

To tals

65,0

19,0

359,3

-11,3

-4,1

427,9

MakeMeEcoPC

kg CO2-eq.kg CO2-eq. / lifetime

Housing

12%

Display

19%

Printed

Circuit Board

Assemblies

1%Memory

12%Processor

3%

Storage

39%

Power

Supply

5%

Battery

0%

others

9%

Carbon Footprint - Production

Power off

0,1%

Power sleep

0,4%

Power long

idle

27,8%

Power short

idle

71,7%

Carbon Footprint - Use



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Introduction Project background

LCA to go - Boosting Life Cycle Assessment Use in

European SMEs (2011-2014)

1) Analyse needs among SMEs to quantify life cycle impacts

2) Develop a tool to simplify the analysis for SMEs

3) Run a mentoring programme to educate SMEs

2011

2012/13

2014



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Introduction SME survey 2011

What are/will be your main drivers to undertake an environmental

assessment? (electronics sector, n=28)



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Introduction SME survey 2011

requests for LCA data, recyclability assessments, and

total cost-of-ownership are rare, but they do occur

companies also mentioned a severe current interest in

lifetime, reuse and service aspects

Two main target groups identified:

1) Product developers and manufacturers with a clear

“green agenda”, and

2) Companies in the reuse, repair and refurbishment

business extending the lifetime of electronics

products



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Introduction Simplified Environmental Assessments

Background research

Identify most relevant sub-assemblies,

cut-off the rest (generic overhead applies)

Housing - Back cover

Metal Frame (front panel)

Display

Passive Components

(SMDs)

Mainboard - Large ICs (CPU,

memory)

Mainboard – Substrate Materials

External Power Supply - THT

capacitors and coils

Sheetmetal Manufacturing

PCB Processing

Housing 21,0%

Display 26,5% Mainboard

Assembly 25,0%

EPS 5,7%

HDD 3,4%

60 kg

Carbon footprint PC production



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Input parameters production phase

CPU application type / number of cores

mainboard area

connectivity

RAM capacity

HDD or SSD capacity

battery capacity

display size

power supply: rated output




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Modelling of other life cycle phases

Lifetime scenario

Use scenario

Energy consumption (Energy Star)

Repair scenario (component replacement)

Scenarios for reuse / recycling / disposal




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Motivating factors among 18 mentored SMEs

External communication (11x)

“Green DNA“ / Environmentalism (6x)

Ecodesign (3x)

Compliance (3x)

Costs (1x)

Mentoring Programme Findings – Electronics Sector



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Motivating factors among 18 mentored SMEs

Some company statements

“communicate the effect of resource

savings and GHG reduction through

lifetime extension”

“anticipate a kind of educational

role“

“company is passionate about

saving resources”

Mentoring Programme Findings – Electronics Sector



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Case study: Metech Recycling Ltd.

mid-size company, one of the largest electronics recycling, refurbishment and resale enterprises in Wales

Disassembly of electronics devices at

Metech is done manually and largely also

non-destructive (component reuse)




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Mentoring example: refurbishment of a Fujitsu Desktop-PC, total extended lifetime of 8 years, DRAM

and hard disk drive have to be replaced once

Findings:

carbon footprint of the initial material acquisition and

manufacturing phase: 110 kg CO2-eq.

refurbishment operations: transports are less relevant

for the total carbon footprint as long as larger batches

are transported regionally




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Findings (cont’d):

computer reuse saves 8% of the carbon emissions on per-year-of-use-

basis (including use phase impacts)




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Case study: Paxpring B.V.

designs and delivers complete packaging

solutions

customers from the ICT sector

observed trend: clients ask for LCA

evidence, but have got only a limited

understanding what Life Cycle

Assessments actually are and what the

results might tell




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Case study: Paxpring B.V.

Mentoring example: Develop a carbon footprint calculator for packaging design

Findings:

Highly useful at pitches with clients, when presenting design alternatives

Design example small sleeve:

High carbon footprint: mixed corrugated board / plastic foil option

Moderate carbon footprint: bleached or unbleached corrugated board

alternative yields a similar carbon footprint

Low carbon footprint: folded cardboard package




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Case study: Circular Devices

Start-up in Finland

idea: modular smartphone (“Puzzlephone”)

concept: 3 modules - display, battery,

electronics




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Mentoring exercise:

How to underpin the product

concept with environmental

arguments?

Assessment of a

conventional smartphone




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Findings and key message: Don‘t let the battery or

the display determine product lifetime!


housing and internal structural

elements 3%

display 5% Printed

Circuit Board Assemblies

6%

RAM memory 12%

processor 30% flash memory

16%

connectivity 3%

power supply 4%

battery 12%

miscellaneous parts 9%

26,5 kg CO2-eq.



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Conclusions

SMEs which potentially can benefit from a quantification of product life

cycle impacts are those with a relevant impact on the supply chain, use

phase and/or end-of-life and match one or several of the following

categories: specifying or even designing an end-product,

making choices regarding material and component selection,

having influence on process performance / efficiency with an impact on energy or material consumption elsewhere in the life cycle,

being involved in activities (and decisions) influencing lifetime and reuse of products,

being under market (legislative) pressure to provide relevant partial life cycle data to customers or where the perceived “green” features of a product / material require a solid knowledge in this domain.



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Conclusions (cont‘d)

communication of Circular Economy business models requires facts and figures

simplified Life Cycle Assessments / Carbon Footprint calculations are useful tools for external communication and to guide business decisions / strategies

½ day of mentoring is sufficient to bring SMEs up to speed (backed by investment in substantial background research upfront)



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Thanks for your attention!

Karsten Schischke

Fraunhofer IZM

Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25

13355 Berlin, Germany

[email protected]

www.izm.fraunhofer.de

LCA to go (www.lca2go.eu) has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No 265096.

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.lca2go.eu/



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CARE Innovation, Europe

EcoDesign, Japan

Going Green – A Co-Operation of the

World‘s Leading Conferences

Program Overview

Tue, Sept 6 Technical Tours, e.g. Guided IFA-Tour, Get Together

Wed-Fri, Sept 7-9 Conference Programme

Location Dahlem Cube / Seminaris CampusHotel, Berlin

Chairman Prof. Dr. Klaus-Dieter Lang

Schedule Call for Papers September 2015

Website www.electronicsgoesgreen.org

organized by

September 6-9, 2016 · Berlin, Germany

Emerging Green, USA

ISSST, USA

experiences of small electronics companies to underpin circular … · 2015-12-10 · experiences...

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