experiences and strategy of infrastructure development in japan - toshio okazumi, japan

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

Experiences and Strategy of Infrastructure Development in Japan

February 29, 2016

Toshio OKAZUMI

Director of International Cooperation and Infrastructure Engineering,

Overseas Projects Division, Policy Bureau,

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism- JAPAN


Contents

1

1. Quality Infrastructure – its high quality effect as

a stock of social assets –

2. Japanese Destiny and Present Problems we are

facing

3. Our Challenges and Strategy


2

1. Quality Infrastructure – its high quality effect as

a stock of social assets –


Improvement of Ring Road （Tokyo）

Wednesday, November 27, 2013 Friday, March 13, 2015

After opening Before opening

Road conditions before and after opening

Inner Ring Expressway Shinagawa Route

Opened in March 2015

Changes in traffic and time loss from congestion

4.6

2.2

47.9

45.5

0.0

30.0

60.0

0.0

3.0

6.0

開通前開通後

Traffic Central Ring Road

Time loss from congestion

Amount of traffic

Time loss from congestion

Prior to opening：March 10 to April 7, 2015 、 After opening： March 10 to April 7, 2016

Before opening

After opening

５％ reduction

50% Reduction

Shinagawa Route,

○9 hour daily traffic congestion around the Hamasakibashi Junction was almost resolved.

before after ○Traffic accumulation in Tokyo was

distributed as a result of the Inner Ring Expressway, then traffic congestion reduced by half.

Tim

e lo

ss f

rom

co

ng

est

ion

(T

en

th

ou

san

d/d

ay, tim

e/d

ay

Metropolitan Inner City Expressway

Outer Ring Expressway

Ohashi Junction

Gotanda

EXIT

Gotanda

ENTRANCE

Oi Junction

Inner Ring Expressway

3


0

10

20

30

H14 H15 H16 H17 H18 H19 H20 H21 H22 H23 H24 H25

産業指定地内の企業立地の件数件

首都圏外郭放水路

部分通水


完全通水30

20

10

0

件数（件）

H14 H16 H18 H20 H22 H24

企業立地件数※2

2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Nu

mb

er

of

Bu

sin

ess

Lo

cati

on

s

○ Reduction of inundated buildings from flood by the effect of the Metropolitan Outer Underground Channel

→Approximately 7,000 buildings (from 1975 to 1984) →Approximately 50 buildings (from 2005 to 2014)

○Kasukabe City could be designated as an “Industrial Designated Area” in 2003, thanks to this Underground Channel.

○28 businesses (warehouses, shopping centers) were newly located in this area thanks to the Channel

Metropolitan Outer Underground Channel (Saitama)


春日部市

before

after

Newly located businesses(warehouses, shopping centers)

Industrial Designated Area

Kasukabe City

Route16

Route 16

Channel 18

Outer

Discharge

Channel

S

haft

Channel 18 Nakagawa

Nakagawa

Sh

aft

Kasukabe City

New Business in the Industrial Designated

Partial functioned

Channel Complete

4


Use of Sewage Heat in Makuhari （Chiba Prefecture）

before after

Heat Pump

(Heat Source Equipment)

Air Temperature

0℃ Use as

a heater

When using outside air

as a heat source

Heater

47℃

＋47℃ Amount of Energy

Consumption

Release

-5℃ Room Temperature

40℃

High Power

Heat Pump

(Heat Source Equipment)

Use as

a Heater

When using sewage

as a heat source

Sewage

20℃ Heater

47℃

＋27℃ Amount of Energy

Consumption

Release

15℃ Room Temperature

40℃

Low Power

(58,000m3/日)

Kaihinmakuhari Station

Makuhari Shintoshin

Makuhari Shintoshin

Hanamikawa Terminal

Treatment Plant

Water intake for thermal usage

Discharged as is

Hanamikawa Terminal

Treatment Plant

Kaihinmakuhari Station

○In Makuhari Shintoshin Area of Chiba Prefecture, sewage water discharged from the treatment plant is introduced to the area’s cooling and heating. It is used as a cooler, heater, and hot water supply at 14 buildings.

○Use of sewage heat reduces ＣＯ２ as well as lowers economic costs by approximately 100 million yen annually

Use of Sewage Heat

1 2

8 8

11 14

0

5

10

15

0

20

40

60

80

100

H2 H7 H12 H17 H22 H27

下水熱利用量

下水熱利用箇所数

Se

wa

ge

He

at

Use

(Ca

lcu

late

d b

y e

ve

ry

10

,00

0 h

ou

seh

old

s)

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Amount of used sewage

Number of sewage use locations

5


6

2. Japanese Destiny and Present Problems we are

facing


7

Japanese destiny based on its characteristics

• Although the area of Japan is only 0.25% of the area of the world, 20% of earthquakes over 6.0 on the Richter scale occurred in Japan and its surrounding area.

Vulnerable to disasters

Japan 220

Number of Earthquakes

(1994～2003)

Total

960

Source: Central Disaster Prevention Council -Japan

（22.9%）

Epicenter Distribution

※Earthquakes over 6.0 on the Richter scale


8

【Tokyo】

【Paris】

【New York】

【London】


8

Vulnerable to disasters

• The elevation of cities in Japan is lower than the flood water level of rivers. • There are many steep rivers in Japan compared with rivers in foreign

countries.

River flood water surface elevation in London, Paris and New York

River flood water surface elevations in Tokyo

River slopes in Japan and foreign countries Source: MLIT

Rhine

Rivers in Japan

Seine

Loire

Colorado

Mekong

Distance (km)

Elev

atio

n

(m)

出典：「水害の世紀―日本列島で何が起こっているのか」森野美徳監修

Country area

（10,000㎢）

Habitable land area

（10,000㎢）

Ratio

（%）

Japan 37.86 10.35 27.3

U.K. 24.38 20.63 84.6

France 54.79 39.72 72.5

Germany 35.67 23.79 66.7

Japan

U.K.

Germany

France

Habitable land area


9

Limited habitable land

• The ratio of habitable land area to country area in Japan is lower than in foreign countries.

Legend Habitable area in white


10

Infrastructure development under severe conditions

• Infrastructure in Japan has been developed against severe natural disasters under vulnerable condition.

Piers of HANSHIN Expressway in Japan Piers of access road to Charles-de-Gaulle Airport in France

Inundation disaster caused by the heavy rain on Sep 10 (2015) in Jyoso city

Jyoso city

Sep 2015 2006

：KINU river

basin

Recent Disasters

11

石巻市

南三陸町

東松島市

七ヶ浜町

仙台市

多賀城市

名取市

亘理町

山元町

岩沼市

南相馬市

新地町

相馬市

陸前高田市

気仙沼市

釜石市

大槌町

山田町

気仙沼市

陸前高田市

Maximum area inundated

※1: Aug 4 ,2011 press release by City Bureau

※2: Produced from “Damage Situation and Police

Countermeasures associated with 2011 Tohoku district - off the

Pacific Ocean Earthquake” by National Police Agency (As of

Feb. 14, 2012)

535km2 of land was inundated

Approx. 10% (119km2) was urban area

Approx. 129,000 buildings were destroyed

15,850 Fatalities, 3,282 missing

Recent Disasters

Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami in 2011

Produced from “Inundation Condition Map” by

Geospatial Information Authority

12

Recent Disasters

• Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, January, 1995

13

There is concern that the safety of various types of infrastructure against large-scale accidents and disasters will deteriorate as a result of their aging.

Corroded impeller of a draining pump plant Aged seabank

破断箇所補修後

平成１９年６月２０日破断を発見平成１９年６月２９日補修完了

Fractured diagonal member of a truss bridge

(Great Kiso River Bridge)

Sinking of the apron part of a port facility

Aging of Infrastructure

Fractured part

14

18%

25%

2%

8%

43% 43%

9%

32%

67% 64%

24%

58%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

2013 2023 2033 2013 2023 2033 2013 2023 2033

Road bridges River facilities (e.g. water gates) Sewerage piping Port quays

Among the facilities developed during and after the high economic growth period, the proportions of the ones that will become 50-years-old or older will increase at increasing rates in the next 20 years.

Present Situation of the Aging Infrastructure

2013 2023 2033

* The figures are all as of March.

Proportions of Infrastructure that 50-years-old or older

15

16

3. Our Challenges and Strategy

Challenges for “smart use of infrastructure”

• Under these limited conditions, Japan proactively has been selecting

“smart use of infrastructure” instead of “expanding it”.

出典オンタリオ州政府

http://www.mto.gov.on.ca/english

/transtek/roadtalk/rt16-4/

17

Limitation of infrastructure development


18

<Smart route selection using “ETC 2.0” >

相模湾

Pacific

ocean

Maximum

efficiency

Congested

Not

congested

About 80％

（by 2015）

<Construction of ring expressway>

Three ring roads in Tokyo Metropolitan Area

64% complete

Chuo Expressway

Inner Ring

Expressway

Congestion!

22

Legend

Sectors that are in service (as

of June 14, 2013) Provisional 2

lanes*

To be in service by FY 2015* 4 lanes

Under construction (to be

completed in FY 2016 or

thereafter)

6 lanes

○○○ Under study

※

※

* It is not known when non-completed

lanes of provisional 2 lanes will be

constructed.

New challenges for “smart use of infrastructure ”

• “Smart use of roads” utilizing ITS(Intelligent Transport System) or toll control

measures optimizes distribution of traffic volume .


19

• Congestion at toll gates on expressways throughout Japan is largely

eliminated

Successful examples of “smart use of infrastructure ”: “ETC” (Electronic toll collection system)

2000

（before ETC）

2008

（after ETC）

3,974 times （30% of congestion on

expressway）

60 times

＜ Congestion at toll gates ＞

Congestion is eliminated

※ETCは2001年に本格導入

※渋滞回数：年間渋滞回数が30回以上又は平均渋滞長が2km以上かつ渋滞回数が5回以上の主要渋滞ポイントの渋滞回数

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

100.0%

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

20

12

20

13

20

14

＜Adoption rate for ETC＞

(On-board Device) Roadside antenna

Bidirectional wireless

communications


20

• The “SHINKANSEN” realizes high safety, reliability and environmental

friendliness.

Safety

１

Reliability

２

Environmental

Friendliness

３

Passenger

Fatalities

①Operating frequency CO2

emissions

②Average delay time

per trip

15trains/hour

within 1 min.

– ZERO – 50Years

（1964→2014） 1 ： 5 ： 7.5 g-CO2/person-km

Successful examples of “smart use of infrastructure ”: High speed train “SHINKANSEN”

21

Reduction through preventive maintenance and of new technologies.

○ To prevent further acceleration of the deterioration of infrastructures due to their aging, MLIT has been intensively conducting inspections, diagnoses, etc.

○ MLIT is aiming at establishing a preventive maintenance-based maintenance cycle to reduce and level the maintenance cost.

Image of the maintenance cost reduction and leveling to be achieved

Image of the envisaged maintenance cycle

Diagnosis

Recording

Lifespan Prolongation Plan

Reflection Improvement

Measures Inspection

Establishing a Maintenance Cycle

Leveling through planned efforts

Dejima Bridge (Nagasaki City) [1910 (105 years)]

Establishing a Maintenance Cycle - success examples

No.10 Sluiceway (Kamiita Town, Tokushima Prefecture) [1922 (93 years)]

Rokugo Water Gate (Ota Ward, Tokyo) [1930 (85 years)]

22

Imp

rovi

ng

the

pro

du

ctiv

ity

and

qu

alit

y

Consensus is reached faster.

Decisions can be made faster

Reduce mistakes in the design and the extra time

Workability is improved

Data sharing between CIM and ICT-aided project on site

Sho

rte

nin

g th

e t

ime

to

co

mp

leti

on

Comparisons and evaluations can be made easily.

Reinforcement bar layout

simulation

Selection of the optimal route

Confirmation of a complex order

of work steps

Meeting for explaining the project

to local residents

Meeting between the project

owner and contractor

Machine control

Design changes can be made easily

Re

sear

ch

De

sign

W

ork

im

ple

me

nta

tio

n

Mai

nte

nan

ce

wo

rk

センサー情報

モデル化素材

議論情報

etc

情報共有ツール

センサーデータヘルスモニタリング

異常値を感知すると、メンバーへの通知（アラート）が可能

Image of an information-sharing tool for maintenance work

Establishment and operation of an asset management system

Optimization of maintenance work

Evacuation route

Inclination

of slope

3-dimensional model (simplified)

3-dimensional model

(detailed)

Safety of the project site

3-dimensional model

3-dimensional model

3-dimensional model

One of the most advanced construction production systems in the world ⇒ Creation of a new industry

Introducing Construction Information Modeling (CIM)

The tool’s settings can be set so that an alarm

message will be sent to the members when an

abnormal value is detected.

Data for modeling

Discussion information

Sensor information

Monitor for the

operator

The record of the work

performed and the status of

the work being performed

are displayed.

Sensor data

Health monitoring

Information sharing tool

23


Logistics

High-speed railways Urban railways / transport system Toll Roads

Ships / Offshore units Port terminals

Airport terminals

Urban development

First Project (October 2015): The Management and Operation of Thi Vai International Port’s Terminal Business in Vietnam

Second Project (November 2015): The Texas High-Speed Railway Project

Third Project (December 2015): Urban Passenger Railway Transportation Project in Brazil

JOIN (Japan Overseas Infra. Investment Corp.)

24

Our Challenges and Strategy

1. “Revolution in Construction” to be realized (strategic

management, long-term plan, prioritizing effective stock effect, i-Construction)

2. Introduction and utilization of various funds (national, local,

PPP/PFI, charge, fare, JOIN, etc.)

3. Preventive and Strategic Maintenance (maintenance cycle,

maintenance industry, introducing robot in the fields, etc.)

4. Japanese Contribution for international fields (quality

infrastructure, technology transfer, capacity building, PPP, etc.)

Important strategy for future Infrastructure

A) Economic and Effective use of infrastructure and Preventive and Strategic Maintenance

B) Investment of Infrastructure Development must be recognized as basic needs for development

25


Thank you for your attention

26

experiences and strategy of infrastructure development in japan - toshio okazumi, japan

Government & Nonprofit