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International Collaboration Center,The Energy Conservation Center, Japan
Experience of Energy Efficiency in Japan
Yasushi Tanaka
For National Energy Day(“Jornada de la Energia”)
23 November 2017, Buenos Aires, Argentina
2
- Contents -
Overview of Japan’s Energy Situation
Japan’s Self-sufficiency rate of Energy
Global Warming Effect and reduction of CO2
The situation of the world
Japan’s case: Present Situation & How to reduce CO2?
Japan’s EE&C history in some industries from 1973 to 2015
Trend of the Energy Consumption of each sector in connection with GDP
Production, Energy Consumption and Energy Intensity of some industries
Japan’s Long-term Energy Supply and Demand Outlook
2030 Target of Supply and Demand
EE&C Target from 2012 to 2030 to realize
Counter measures in each sector
Japan’s effort under the Act on the Rational Use of Energy
Overview of the Act
Top Runner Program & Building Efficiency Codes
The other types of approach in recent Japan
Setsu-den Concept after the Great East Japan Earthquake
Third party business operator to cover small size entities
Renewable Energy
3
Primary Energy Self-Sufficiency Rate of OEDC Countries (2014)
1st Norway
2nd Australia
3rd Canada
7th U.S.A.
14th U.K.
15th France
21th Germany
26th Spain
31th Korea
33th Japan
Argentina
・・・
・・・・
・・・・・・・・・・
167.9%
90.8%
60.3%
56.5%
39.1%
30.6%
18.3%
6.0%
89%
292.0%Coal
Oil Natural Gas Hydro-Power
Renewable Energy, etc.
(geothermal, solar etc.)
【Source】IEA “Energy Balance of OECD Countries 2016”, Argentina:IEA, Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries 2015 Edition
Nuclear Power
fy2010 fy2011 fy2012 fy2013 fy2014
Energy Self-Sufficiency Rate
19.9(29th)
11.2(33th)
6.3(33th)
6.2(33th)
6.0(33th)
Nuclear Power 15.0 5.8 0.9 0.5 -
Hydro-Power 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.6
Natural Gas 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6
Oil 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1
Renewable Energy 2.7 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.7
Effective Recovery Use of Wasted Energy
2.0 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.5
Natural Renewable Energy
0.7 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.2
682.9%
・・
※ IEA includes nuclear power in the first primary energy self-sufficiency rate.
34th Luxembourg 4.0%
Japan’s Self-sufficiency rate of Energy
Japan’s low self-sufficiency rate further down after the big earthquake in 2011
4
- Contents -
Overview of Japan’s Energy Situation Japan’s Self-sufficiency rate of Energy
Global Warming Effect and reduction of CO2 The situation of the world Japan’s case: Present Situation & How to reduce CO2?
Japan’s EE&C history in some industries from 1973 to 2015 Trend of the Energy Consumption of each sector in connection with GDP Production, Energy Consumption and Energy Intensity of some industries
Japan’s Long-term Energy Supply and Demand Outlook 2030 Target of Supply and Demand EE&C Target from 2012 to 2030 to realize Counter measures in each sector
Japan’s effort under the Act on the Rational Use of Energy Overview of the Act Top Runner Program & Building Efficiency Codes
The other types of approach in recent Japan Setsu-den Concept after the Great East Japan Earthquake Third party business operator to cover small size entities
Renewable Energy
Global Warming and CO2 Emission of the world
CO2 emissions by countryCO2 emissions by country are as per the chart left.
Paris agreement (2015)It was agreed to reduce CO2 emissions with a long-term target aiming to contain temperature rise to less than 2ºC compared with the level at the time before the industrial revolution (effort target is less than 1.5ºC).
Limit of CO2 cumulative emissionsAs of 2011, cumulative emissions of CO2 were 1.9 trillion tons. To contain the temperature rise to less than 2ºC, it is said that the limit is 2.9 trillion tons, which means the remaining quantity is only 1 trillion tons!! 1 trillion tons/33 billion tons per year ≈ 30 years (Sustainable for only 30 years hereafter?!)
China
U.S.A.
Italy
Japan
Others
Russia India
Indonesia
Brazil
Australia
Mexico
Canada
Korea
Germany
U.K.
Source: Handbook of Japan's & World Energy & Economics Statistics 2017
2014
CO2 emissions of the world
(Emission ratio by country)Total emissions of the world
Approx. 33 billion tons
5
Argentina 0.6%
Japan’s case-(1) Present Situation
Japan’s emissionsIncreasing continuously for 5 years since FY2009. By sector, emissions of the “industrial sector” (factories, etc.), which are the largest among the sectors, are decreasing, but those of the “commercial and other sector” including offices and the “residential sector” show increase in recent years.
Japan’s CO2 reduction targetAiming at 26% reduction comparing with FY2013 level. To achieve this target, it is necessary to reduce emissions of the residential sector by approx. 40%.
Un
it:
1 m
illio
n t
on
CO
2 e
qu
ival
ent
■ Transition of CO2 emissions by sector (after distributing electricity and heat)
Un
it:
1 m
illio
n t
on
CO
2
■ Transition of Japan’s greenhouse gasses emissions
Fiscal Year
Fiscal Year
6
Industrial sector (factories, etc.)
Transportation sector (automobiles, etc.)
Residential sector
Energy conversion sector (power plants, etc.)
Industrial processes, use of productsDisposal waste (incineration, etc.)Others
Commercial and other sector (commerce, services, offices, etc.)
Japan’s case-(2) How to reduce CO2?
Greenhouse gases and energyMany of emissions of greenhouse gases, including CO2 and methane, caused by human activities derive from energy, and approx. 90% of Japanese greenhouse gasses are CO2 deriving from energy. Therefore, activities of the residential sector need to focus on improvement of energy efficiency (energy conservation).
Industrial sector
Unit: 1 million ton CO2Unit: 1 million ton CO2 equivalent
Transportation sector
Residential sector
CO2 emissions1,265
(FY2014)
Others
Commercial and other
sector 21%
1,364(FY2014)
Nitrous oxide
Methane (CH4)
Greenhouse gases emissions
CO2 not deriving from energy
5.6%
CO2 deriving from energy
Energy conversion sector 7%
7
FY 2030 greenhouse effect
Gas reduction target
(compared to FY 2013)
FY 2030 greenhouse effect
Gas reduction volume
(compared to FY 2013)
Greenhouse gas emissions
FY 2030 FY 2013
Greenhouse gas reduction volume 26.0% 366 1,042 1,408
Energy-originated CO2 25.0% 308 927 1,235
Other greenhouse gases (*1) 11.9% 20.6 152.4 173.0
Sink measures (*2) - 37 - -
Rough indication of emissions in each sector in FY 2030
(reduction compared to FY 2013)FY 2013
Energy-originated CO2 927 (25.0%) 1,235
Industrial sector 401 (6.6%) 429
Other business sectors 168 (39.7%) 279
Residential sector 122 (39.4%) 201
Transportation sector 163 (27.4%) 225
Energy conversion
sector73 (27.5%) 101
(Unit: million t-CO2)
Energy-derived CO2 (breakdown by sector)
*1 CO2 from non-energy sources, methane, dinitrogen monoxide, four HCFCs*2 Aim to secure an absorption volume of about 37 million t-CO2 by FY 2030 (equivalent to 2.6% reduction of the total emissions in FY 2013)
Breakdown of the 366 million ton of greenhouse gas emissions reduction in FY 2030
Energy-originated CO2308 million t(84.2%)
Other greenhouse gases20.6 million t(5.6%)
Sink37 million t(10.1%)
8
Draft of Japan's pledge (July 17, 2015, decision of the Global Warming Countermeasure Headquarters, submitted to the UN)
9
USAby 26%-28% below its 2005 level in 2025 and to make best efforts to reduce its emissions by 28%.
EUat least 40% domestic reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to 1990
ChinaTo achieve the peaking of carbon dioxide emissions around 2030 and making best efforts to peak early; To lower carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 60% to 65% from the 2005 level
IndiaTo reduce the emissions intensity of its GDP by 33 to 35 percent by 2030 from 2005 level
Japanat the level of a reduction of 26.0% by fiscal year (FY) 2030 compared to FY 2013 (25.4% reduction compared to FY 2005) (approximately 1.042 billion t-CO2 eq. as 2030 emissions), e
Russia 70-75% of 1990 levels by the year 2030 might be a long-term indicator
Australia by 26 to 28 per cent below 2005 levels by 2030.
Brazil to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 37% below 2005 levels in 2025.
Argentina by 15% in 2030 from 2005 level(BAU), by 30% (conditional case)
Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs)
10
- Contents -
Overview of Japan’s Energy Situation Japan’s Self-sufficiency rate of Energy
Global Warming Effect and reduction of CO2 The situation of the world Japan’s case: Present Situation & How to reduce CO2?
Japan’s EE&C history in some industries from 1973 to 2015 Trend of the Energy Consumption of each sector in connection with GDP Production, Energy Consumption and Energy Intensity of some industries
Japan’s Long-term Energy Supply and Demand Outlook 2030 Target of Supply and Demand EE&C Target from 2012 to 2030 to realize Counter measures in each sector
Japan’s effort under the Act on the Rational Use of Energy Overview of the Act Top Runner Program & Building Efficiency Codes
The other types of approach in recent Japan Setsu-den Concept after the Great East Japan Earthquake Third party business operator to cover small size entities
Renewable Energy
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
1973 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
(1018J)
(FY)
Industry
Residential
Transportation
Commercial
Trends in Final Energy Consumption in Japan
11
Final energy
consumption
1973→2015
1.2-times
Tra
nsp
orta
tion
19732015
1.7-time
Resid
en
tial
19732015
1.9-time
Com
me
rcia
l
19732015
2.4-
times
Ind
ustry
19732015
0.8-
times
(JPY trillion)
Sources: “Comprehensive Energy Statistics” and “Annual Report on National Accounts.”
9%
9%
66%
23%
14%
18%
45%
Real GDP1973→2015
2.6 Times
16%
The final energy consumption of Japan has basically consistently increased, except for periods immediately following the two oil crises and the recent economic downturn.
Until 2015 the GDP continued increasing to about 2.6 times the 1973 level and the consumption of energy for individual sectors significantly increased with the Consumer sector (Residential + Commercial) increasing to about 2.2 times, while the transportation sector increased to about 1.7 times, whereas the industrial sector decreased to about 0.8 times.
(FY)
(FY1973=100)
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
1965 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Indices of Industrial Production (IIP)
Indices of Energy consumption by the Manufacturing industry
IIP intensity
Source: Institute of Energy Economics, Japan “Handbook of Energy & Economic Statistics”
12
Production, Energy Consumption and Energy Intensity of Japanese manufacturing industries
(FY)
(FY1973=100)
20
40
60
80
100
120
1965 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Indices of Steel Production (IIP)
Indices of Energy consumption by the Steel industry
IIP intensity
Source: Institute of Energy Economics, Japan “Handbook of Energy & Economic Statistics”
13
Production, Energy Consumption and Energy Intensity of Japanese steel industry
(FY)
(FY1973=100)
50
100
150
200
250
300
1965 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Indices of Chemical Production (IIP)Indices of Energy consumption by the Chemical industryIIP intensity
Source: Institute of Energy Economics, Japan “Handbook of Energy & Economic Statistics”
14
Production, Energy Consumption and Energy Intensity of Japanese chemical industry
(FY)
(FY1973=100)
20
40
60
80
100
120
1965 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Indices of Cement Production (IIP)
Indices of Energy consumption by the Cement industry
IIP intensity
Source: Institute of Energy Economics, Japan “Handbook of Energy & Economic Statistics”
15
Production, Energy Consumption and Energy Intensity of Japanese cement industry
(FY)
(FY1973=100)
Source: Institute of Energy Economics, Japan “Handbook of Energy & Economic Statistics”
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1965 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012
Indices of Food Production (IIP)
Indices of Energy consumption by the Food industry
IIP intensity
Production, Energy Consumption and Energy Intensity of Japanese food industry
16
1,0
1,1
1,2
1,3
1,4
1,5
1,6
1,7
1,8
1,9
2,0
19
73
19
74
19
75
19
76
19
77
19
78
19
79
19
80
19
81
19
82
19
83
19
84
19
85
19
86
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
0,81,0 1,1 1,1 1,2 1,4 1,4 1,6
2,02,3
4,8 4,95,3
6,1
5,5
6,2
7,8
2,5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Japan’s Energy Efficiency Efforts after the Oil Crises
Source)Total Energy Statistics by ANRE/METI
Primary energy use per real GDP of Japan
(Oil converted Mt /1 trillion yen)
Approx. 40% improvement
Calculated according to IEA statistics
Primary energy supply per GDP unit of each country(2013)
(Index : Japan=1.0)
17
2.7
Japan has improved energy efficiency by approx. 40% after the oil crises in the 1970s as a result of positive actions byboth public and private industrial sectors.
Japan intensively introduced "Energy Management System based on the Act on the Rational Use of Energy”, thenachieved the lowest level of energy consumption per GDP in the world.
18
- Contents -
Overview of Japan’s Energy Situation Japan’s Self-sufficiency rate of Energy
Global Warming Effect and reduction of CO2 The situation of the world Japan’s case: Present Situation & How to reduce CO2?
Japan’s EE&C history in some industries from 1973 to 2015 Trend of the Energy Consumption of each sector in connection with GDP Production, Energy Consumption and Energy Intensity of some industries
Japan’s Long-term Energy Supply and Demand Outlook 2030 Target of Supply and Demand EE&C Target from 2012 to 2030 to realize Counter measures in each sector
Japan’s effort under the Act on the Rational Use of Energy Overview of the Act Top Runner Program & Building Efficiency Codes
The other types of approach in recent Japan Setsu-den Concept after the Great East Japan Earthquake Third party business operator to cover small size entities
Renewable Energy
2030
(After energy conservation measures)
2013
(Actual result)
Energy demand
Final energy consumption
Heat,
gasoline,
town gas,
etc.
75%
Electric
power 25%
361 million kl
Thorough energy efficiency and conservation
50.3 million kL13% lower than before the
implementation of the energy conservation measures
Electric
power
28%
Heat,
gasoline,
town gas,
etc.
72%
Economic growth
1.7%/year
326 million kl
Primary energy supply
2030
Coal
25%
Natural gas
18%
Petroleum
30%
Renewable energy
13 to 14%
Nuclear power
10 to 11%
489 million kL
LPG 3%
Self-
sufficiency
rate
24.3%
* Values are approximate.
19
Energy demand and primary energy supply
60
70
80
90
100
110
0 5 10 15 20
1970-1990
1990-2010
2012-2030
Energy Consumption Efficiency
Energy efficiency = Final energy consumption/ Real GDP
35% improvement
Expected energy demand after the implementation of energy efficiency measures will be approx. 326 million kL (-13% from before the implementation of the measures).
As a result of all these measures, considerable energy efficiency improvement will be realized in the same level as after the oil crisis.
[Improvement of energy efficiency]
(Year)
20
Energy Efficiency Measures
<Major energy efficiency measures in each sector>
Industrial Sector <approx. -10.42 million kL> Commercial Sector <approx. -12.26 million kL>
Residential Sector <approx. -11.60 million kL>
Transportation Sector <approx. -16.07 million kL>
Major 4 industries (steel, chemical, cement, and paper/pulp) Promotion of commitment to a low-carbon society
Strengthened energy management in factories Improvement of energy efficiency by making production lines
observable
Development and introduction of innovative technology Introduction of environment-conscious iron manufacturing process
(COURSE50)(CO2 reduction by approx. 30% by hydrogen reduction of iron ore and
CO2 separation from blast furnace gas)
Introduction of technologies to use CO2 as raw material etc.(CO2 and water are used with solar energy to produce major chemicals.)
Introduction of highly efficient facilities across several types of industries Low-carbon industrial furnace, high-performance boiler,
cogeneration, etc.
Diffusion of next-generation automobiles and improvement of fuel efficiency. One out of two cars are to be next-generation cars. Fuel cell vehicle: Maximum annual sale of 100,000 or more
Traffic flow control
Energy efficiency in buildings Mandating energy efficiency standards for newly constructed
buildings Realization and Promotion of ZEB (Net Zero Energy Building)
Introduction of High-efficiency Equipment Promotion of efficient light including LED etc.
Making energy consumption visible by BEMS; Energy management Introduction to about half of the buildings
Promotion of national movement
Energy efficiency in houses Mandating energy efficiency standards for newly constructed houses Promotion of ZEH (Net Zero Energy House)
Introduction of High-efficiency Equipment Promotion of efficient light including LED etc.
Making energy consumption visible by HEMS; Energy management Introduction to all houses
Promotion of national movement
With all the energy efficiency measures in each sector, approx. 50.3 million kL of energy would be saved.
21
22
- Contents -
Overview of Japan’s Energy Situation Japan’s Self-sufficiency rate of Energy
Global Warming Effect and reduction of CO2 The situation of the world Japan’s case: Present Situation & How to reduce CO2?
Japan’s EE&C history in some industries from 1973 to 2015 Trend of the Energy Consumption of each sector in connection with GDP Production, Energy Consumption and Energy Intensity of some industries
Japan’s Long-term Energy Supply and Demand Outlook 2030 Target of Supply and Demand EE&C Target from 2012 to 2030 to realize Counter measures in each sector
Japan’s effort under the Act on the Rational Use of Energy Overview of the Act Top Runner Program & Building Efficiency Codes
The other types of approach in recent Japan Setsu-den Concept after the Great East Japan Earthquake Third party business operator to cover small size entities
Renewable Energy
Target: Business operators conducting
business by constructing factories, etc.(Energy consumption of at least 1,500 kl per year)
Obligation to appoint type 1 energy managers, etc.
Obligation to periodically report on energy consumption status, etc.
Obligation to submit medium and long term plans
Obligation for business operators to makeefforts
Factories/Workplaces Transportation Residences/Buildings
Energy consuming equipment, etc. Provision of information to general consumers
<Top Runner Program (31 types of equipment> (For each type of equipment including passenger cars, air conditioners, television
sets, etc., it is required to exceed the performance of most superior products that
have been commercialized at the present time.)
Obligation for manufacturers and importers to make efforts
Target: Manufacturers or importers of
energy consuming equipment or building
materials for preventing heat loss
Obligation for business operators to make efforts in providing
information to general consumers
Provision of information on energy conservation (annual electric power consumption, fuel economy, etc.) that is easy to understand at storefronts of retailers who sell household electrical appliances, etc.
Popularization of energy saving equipment and the provision of information, etc. by electric power and gas companies
Target: Business operators conducting transportation of freight or passengers(Number of cars owned: At least 200 trucks or at least 300 railway cars for railroads, etc.)
Obligation to submit medium and long term plans
Obligation to periodically report on energy consumption status, etc.
Obligation for business operators to make efforts
Target: Business operators who have carriers transport their own freight (consigners) (Annual transport volume of at least 30 million ton-km)
Obligation to submit plans
Obligation to periodically report on energy consumption status, etc. concerning consigned transportation
Obligation for business operators to make efforts
Target: Construction clients and owners of residences or buildings(Total floor area of at least 300 m2)
Obligation relating to the submission of notifications pertaining to energy conservation measures implemented by construction clients, etc. in relation to new constructions and large scale modifications, and obligation relating to reporting the status of overall maintenance
Obligation for construction clients and owners to make efforts
Target: Suppliers of detached
residences(Annual supply of at least 150 units)
Obligation to observe targets for improving energy conservation performance of supplied detached residences
Obligation for business operators to make efforts
Changed to new act from
FY2017
Summary of the Act on the Rational Use of Energy
23
Current Regulatory Scheme at Manufacturing Plants, etc.
24
○Obligation to report periodically
① Transition of energy unit consumption
② Status of activities relating to energy conserving measures
③ Obligation to annually report on status of benchmark indices (for subject business lines only), etc.
(Flow of measure implementation)
Bu
siness o
perato
r
Submission of periodic reports.
Min
istry of Eco
no
my,
Trade an
d In
du
stry
Ratio
nalizatio
n
plan
instru
ction
Gu
idan
ce
On
site in
spectio
ns
Evaluation of details of reports and investigations.
When activities are significantly inadequate.
When instructions are not followed.
* Fines imposed when orders are not followed.
○ Guidelines pertaining to energy conservation measures: Stipulation of standards (guidelines) based on the Energy
Conservation Law as observance items for energy management.
Energy conservation measures for business operators overall・ Maintenance of energy management organization.・ Allocation of persons in charge. ・ Formulation of policies for activities pertaining to energy
conservation targets, etc.
Energy conservation measures at individual manufacturing plants and business establishments (Example: Air conditioning systems.)
Preparation and implementation of management standards (manuals) pertaining to the following measures:
・ Operational management (operating time, set temperature, etc.). ・ Periodical measurement and recording of temperature, humidity,
etc. ・ Periodical maintenance and inspection of facilities.
On the basis of energy consumption, about 90% of the industriy sector and about 40% of the commercial sector are covered subject to regulations.
○ New numerical targets to include in addition to existing targets Benchmark indices and standards to be targetedCurrently set business lines: Iron and steel, electric power, cement, paper manufacturing, petroleum refining and chemical. Standards to be aimed for: Levels satisfied by most superior business operators in respective industries (10 to 20%).
○ Numerical targets: Reduction of annual average by at least 1%.
Pu
blic d
isclosu
res an
d issu
ance o
f o
rders
Measures, such as instructions, public notices and orders (fines in case of violation against orders) implemented when energy conservation
activities of a business operator are significantly inadequate.
Business operators with overall annual energy consumption (head office, manufacturing plants, branch offices, sales offices, etc.) of at least 1,500kl in crude oil equivalent are subject to regulations.
Business modes, such as franchized chains of stores, are also considered single business operators and those consuming at least 1,500kl for the whole chain are subject to regulations.
25
<<Compare & Contrast>>Top Runner Method (TR) and Minimum Energy Performance Standard Method (MEPS)
Ener
gy E
ffic
ien
cy P
erfo
rman
ce(E
ner
gy C
on
sum
pti
on
Eff
icie
ncy
)
Less Efficient
More Efficient
Manufacturer A Manufacturer B
Shipment volume weighted average energy consumption efficiency
TR Target Standard
TR Case 1 : Not Achieved TR Case 2:Achieved
MEPS Case 3:Achieved
MEPS Case 4:Not Achieved
Model C
Model D
MEPS
= ProductThe same modes are expressed in the same color.Number of equals to the shipment volume
Product:XCategory:Y
With using the shipment volume weighted average energy consumption efficiency to judge the standard achievement status, Top Runner Program can encourage energy efficient products to increase the number of shipment volume while keeping the diversity of product models in the market.
Shipment volume weighted average energy consumption efficiency
of Case 2=SUM { (2 * ECE of ) + (3 * ECE of ) + (1 * ECE of ) + (2 * ECE of )}
(2 + 3 + 1 + 2)
EE Standards for Machineries and Equipment (Top Runner Program)
Target Product(Designated machineries & equipment) (Designated construction materials)
<Addition in 1999>1. Passenger Vehicles2. Freight Vehicles3. Air Conditioners4. TV sets5. Video Tape Recorders6. Lighting Equipment (using
Fluorescent Lamps)7. Copying Machines8. Computers & Servers9. Magnetic Disk Units10. Electric Refrigerators11. Electric Freezers
<Addition in 2002>12. Space Heaters (using Gas or
Oil)13. Gas Cooking Appliances14. Gas Water Heaters15. Oil Water Heaters16. Electric Toilet Seats17. Vending Machines18. Transformers
<Addition in 2006>19. Electric Rice Cookers20. Microwave Ovens21. DVD Recorders
<Addition in 2009>22. Routers 23. Switching Units
<Addition in 2013>24. Multifunction Devices25. Printers26. Electric Water Heaters (Heat
Pump Type)27. AC Motors28. LED Lamps29. Insulation Materials
<Addition in 2004>30. Sashes31. Double-glazed Glass
<Addition in 2017>32. Showcase (for Cold or Frozen
Food)
26
Target products have been gradually expanded since 1999. As of July 2017, 32 target products (29 for machineries & equipment and 3 for construction materials) are covered under Top Runner Program.
EE Standards for Machineries and Equipment (Top Runner Program)
27
Appliances & Equipment covered by the Top Runner Program
*1. Estimated by the Institute of Energy Economics, Japan (IEEJ), based on the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy's FY2009 Residential and Commercial Sector Energy Data Survey (10,040 valid responses) and Supplementary Survey concerning Appliance Use(?) (1448 valid responses)
*2. This survey is based on tabulation and analysis of each energy source, with values unified and converted on megajoule (MJ) basis. Electric power in secondary conversion value.
70% is coveredby the program
2009, Energy consumption level per household34,905MJ/Year
“Top Runner Program” is implemented in about 70% of the energy consumption in households.
Improvements in Energy-Efficiency with Top Runner Program
28
Electric power consumption for period
1174
1220
1241
1212
1157
1048
1028
1028 997
966
924
884
860
896 872
862
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
12,3
12,1
12,4 12,9
13,2 13,5
14,0 14,6
14,7 15,0
15,1 15,5
15,7
16,5 17,8
18,3 19,5
21,1
22,5
23,8
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
FY
30.7%
improvement
Fuel economy (km/L)
(Note) Fuel economy values for the 10-15 mode. (Note) Wall mounted cooling and heating units with cooling capacity of 2.8kW-class model; simple average values for a representative model of energy conserving-type products.
FY
Electric power consumption for period (kWh)
96.7%
improvement
[Passenger vehicles] [Air conditioners]
Transition in fuel economy of average new cars
Target buildings and procedures
Others: Detached residences constructed by large residence supply companies (150 residences or more/year) must satisfy the top runner standards.
Non-residences, 2,000 m2 or larger
New
construction
Energy efficiency standards
Buildings,
300 m2 or more
Extensions
renovations
New
construct
ion
Extensions
renovations
Evaluation for
complianceFinal
inspection
Building
confirmation
Certification
(building
standards)Certification (energy
efficiency standards)
Certification
(inspection)
Use of
building
begins
Compli-
ance
Residence Non-residence
Administrative agencies
with jurisdictionNotification
(Inspection also for energy
efficiency standards)
(Up to 21 days before
construction begins)
Construction
begins
Construction
begins
29
Overview of the Energy Conservation Law and the Related Regulations on Buildings
Buildings having total floor area 300 m2 or larger
Compliance to the EC standard (guideline) specified in the EC law (2000m2 and more)
Notification of energy saving measures to the competent authority (local government)
After operation start
Submission of periodical maintenance report to the competent authority (local government)
Design Construction Operation Renovation
Compliance to the EC standard (guideline) specified in the EC law (2000m2 and more)
Notification of energy saving measures to the competent authority (local government)
Specified Business Operator Classified by annual energy consumption
1500kL or more (oil)
Energy management control officer is selected from executives. Energy management planning promoter to support energy management
control officer is selected. Energy managers are selected for each designated energy management factory.
[Plan settlement and report] Submission of medium and long-term plan and periodical report by each
company.
Implemented by METI
Implemented by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transportation& Tourism (MLIT) and the Local Government
Obligation of the Building Owners under the Energy Conservation Law
30
For Design and Maintenance
For Operation
Three Factors and the Standards of the EE&C in Buildings
Outdoor climate
Condition
Equipment
DesignArchitectural
Design
Control &
Management
Energy
Saving
Factors related to the characteristics
and performances of the system
components such as efficiency of
various machines that constitute the
building equipment system
Factors related to architectural
planning, construction methods and
materials, such as shape of the
building, layout of rooms, materials and
structures of parts facing exterior space
(e.g. external walls, roofs and windows)
Factors related to how to operate, control and
manage the building equipment system
Equipment efficiency Standards
(no more)Performance Standards
(PAL*)
Evaluation Criteria
Fixed an architecture for a sustainable future( IBEC)
PAL: Perimeter Annual Load
31
Primary Energy Consumption Standard
○ Of extension or renovation of non-residential buildings, those which satisfy the following conditions become the target of compliance obligation.
(1) “Total area after extension or renovation” is 2,000 m2 or larger.
(2) Ratio of “area of extension or renovation” against “total area after extension or renovation” exceeds 1/2.
* Area (1) excludes “portion with high openness”.
Total area after extension or renovation [B]
Area of extended or renovated portion [A]
[C] Ratio of extension or renovation = Area of extended or renovated portion [A] / Total area after extension or renovation [B]
Scale of extension or renovation of non-residential buildings as target of regulatory measures
[A] Area of extended or renovated portion
[B] Total area after extension or
renovation
[C] Ratio of extension or
renovation
Regulatory measures under Building Energy Efficiency Act
300 m2 or larger
2,000 m2 or larger
Exceeding 1/2 Mandatory compliance
Below 1/2 (Specified extension or renovation)
Mandatory notification
Less than 2,000 m2 Mandatory notification
Less than 300 m2 Out of regulation
Existing portion
Extended or renovated
portion
32
Target buildings
Large-scale
buildings
Non-Residence
Residence
Medium-scale
buildingsNon-Residence
Residence
Small-scale
buildings
2,000 m2 or
larger
300 m2 or larger
and less than
2,000 m2
Less than
300 m2
Residence business construction client
(Housing top runner)
150 residences or more a year
Building Energy Efficiency ActAct on the Improvement of Energy Consumption
Performance of Buildings
Mandatory compliance
[Linked to building confirmation procedures]
Mandatory notification
[When the standards are not complied with, give
instructions, orders, etc. when necessary]
Mandatory notification
[When the standards are not complied with, give
instructions, orders, etc. when necessary]
Mandatory efforts
Specified Buildings
Mandatory efforts
[Recommendation, orders,
etc. if deemed necessary]
33
Source: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
The 1st expansion of application (6 industries) realizes the coverage rate of 65% and the 2nd expansion (schools, hospitals, etc.) will increase it up to 75%.
→ Expand from the applicable fields as soon as possible to aim at 70%.
Currently 59.4% is covered.Aim to target 70% of all
the industries.
34
Expansion of application of the benchmark system in the commercial sector
Steel 22%
Chemical24%
Ceramic 4%
Paper and pulp 3%
Wholesalers/retailers, department
stores & supermarkets
4%Hotels and inns
2%
Offices and buildings
5%Other 35%
Blast and electric furnaces
Ethylene, soda, etc.
Cement Convenience stores
Department stores HotelsPaper and
paperboard
Supermarkets
Shopping centers
Rental office business
Consideration will be made for Introduction
Introduced in April, 2016
Industrial Sector: Review of Target Level Business Sector: Expansion of Target Industries
Introduced in April, 2017
35
Class AGeneral business operators 3,378 companies (29.6%)*1
Class SBusiness operators with superior
energy conservation performance6,657 companies (58.3%)*1
Class BBusiness operators that are
inactive in energy conservation 1,386 companies (12.1%)*1
Class CBusiness operators to be required
cautious attitude
*1 FY2016 periodical reporting (Actual results from FY2015) Calculated from the total number of 11,421 business operator companies. *2 The target of utmost efforts: There should be a reduction of 1% or more per year in the five-year annual intensities. *3 Benchmark targets: Standards that should be aimed at by business operator in the subject sector in the medium to long term .
[Standards]Business operators that do notcorrespond to the Class S orClass B
[Response]No particular response
[Standards](1) The target of utmost efforts*2
are achieved.or(2) The benchmark targets*3 are achieved.
[Response]As superior business operators, the business operator’s name and the number of successive years that the targets were achieved are displayed on the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry website.
[Standards](1) The target of utmost efforts*2
are not achieved, and theintensities of the most recenttwo years in succession haveincreased compared to theprevious fiscal year,
or(2) The five-year average
intensity shows an increase of more than 5% per year.
[Response]Caution documents are sent,and local investigations, etc. areimplemented with high priority.
[Standards]Among the Class B business operators, these are operators whose compliance with Energy Conservation Guideline is particularly insufficient.
[Response]Guidance based on Article 6 oftheAct of Ratinal use of Energy is
implemented.
This system classifies all the business operators, who submit the periodical report stipulated by theEnergy Conservation Act, into 4 classes of S, A, B and C to take explicit responses according to theclasses.
They make public and praise the business operators with superior energy conservation in each industry,on the other hand examine those with inactive energy conservation in a stricter manner.
The business operator can compare himself with others to understand his own position. The system will start from 2016.
Overview of the Business Operator Classification Assessment System
36
- Contents -
Overview of Japan’s Energy Situation Japan’s Self-sufficiency rate of Energy
Global Warming Effect and reduction of CO2 The situation of the world Japan’s case: Present Situation & How to reduce CO2?
Japan’s EE&C history in some industries from 1973 to 2015 Trend of the Energy Consumption of each sector in connection with GDP Production, Energy Consumption and Energy Intensity of some industries
Japan’s Long-term Energy Supply and Demand Outlook 2030 Target of Supply and Demand EE&C Target from 2012 to 2030 to realize Counter measures in each sector
Japan’s effort under the Act on the Rational Use of Energy Overview of the Act Top Runner Program & Building Efficiency Codes
The other types of approach in recent Japan Setsu-den Concept after the Great East Japan Earthquake
Third party business operator to cover small size entities
Renewable Energy
Policy Development After the Earthquake
37
Standard energy conservation
Energy consumption
Last year This year Next year
Peak Demand Management
Improve Energy efficiency ofhouses and buildings
Promote Energy Management Systems
Power demand(kW)
Power supply
Demand curve
Peak hours
morning daytime night
Use of Energy Management System
38
Main Service Contents
Visualization serviceGive electricity consumption in real time(at 30minutes interval)
Demand Response serviceReduce the load on power grids
Diagnostic serviceProvide continuous energy-saving advice and make a proposal about renewal of facilities and systems.
Energy-saving serviceProvide Energy-saving service such as energy-saving advice, tuning and ESCO
Introduction of energy-saving facilities
Management by EMS
Information of energy use
Energy Management Business
Energy Management Business, such as ESCO, is becoming more common. This business provides various service as follows;
advice about replacement of facilityvisualization of electricity consumptioncontrol of connected devices and comparison to the past results, etc.
ConsumerEnergy
Management Service Provider
Next Step in Energy Management
39
Handle electricity supply-demand problem with promotion of introduction of HEMS / BEMS, high efficient air conditioners, lighting and hot-water supply.
Pursue energy efficiency of entire systems by managing entire houses and buildings.
In addition, more efficient energy management can be realized by cross-management of houses and buildings, or regional management.
GEGE
ZEH- Net zero energy
house
ZEB- Net zero energy
building
Smart community
HEMSBEMS
GEGE
Cooperate by buying equipment such as efficient air conditioners and lighting, and controlling them with HEMS or BEMS.
Installation of energy management equipment
Optimize houses and buildings
“Net zero energy” means that net annual primary energy consumption is approximately zero.
Regional or cross-regional optimization
40
- Contents -
Overview of Japan’s Energy Situation Japan’s Self-sufficiency rate of Energy
Global Warming Effect and reduction of CO2 The situation of the world Japan’s case: Present Situation & How to reduce CO2?
Japan’s EE&C history in some industries from 1973 to 2015 Trend of the Energy Consumption of each sector in connection with GDP Production, Energy Consumption and Energy Intensity of some industries
Japan’s Long-term Energy Supply and Demand Outlook 2030 Target of Supply and Demand EE&C Target from 2012 to 2030 to realize Counter measures in each sector
Japan’s effort under the Act on the Rational Use of Energy Overview of the Act Top Runner Program & Building Efficiency Codes
The other types of approach in recent Japan Setsu-den Concept after the Great East Japan Earthquake Third party business operator to cover small size entities
Renewable Energy
41
Ratio of Electricity Generation by Renewable Energy
Renewables; 24,5 Renewables; 26,1
Renewables; 18,5
Renewables; 5,6 Renewables; 7,3 Renewables; 6
Hydro; 3,1
Hydro; 14,2
Hydro; 1,8
Hydro; 11,3 Hydro; 6,1 Hydro; 8,6
Coal; 45,8 Coal; 16,5
Coal; 30,4
Coal; 2,2
Coal; 39,7
Coal; 31,9
Oil; 0,9
Oil; 5,1
Oil; 0,5
Oil; 0,3
Oil; 0,9 Oil; 12,2
Gas; 10,0
Gas; 17,2
Gas; 30,0
Gas; 2,3
Gas; 26,9
Gas; 40,5
Nuclear; 15,6
Nuclear; 20,8 Nuclear; 19,0
Nuclear; 78,4
Nuclear; 19,2
Nuclear, 0.9
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Renewable
Energy
27.6%
Renewable
Energy
40.3%
Renewable
Energy
20.3% Renewable
Energy
16.9%Renewable
Energy
13.4%
Renewable
Energy
14.6%
Nuclear, 04
Gas, 54
Oil, 14
Coal, 2
Hydro, 22
Renewables, 2
Renewable
Energy
24%
Ratio of Electricity Generation by Renewable Energy in Japan is 14.6 % (in FY 2015).
On the other hands, ratio of Electricity Generation by Renewable Energy except Hydro is only 6.0%
42
Current State of Renewable Energy
Composition of power generation by energy source in Japan (FY 2015)
40.5%
31.9%
12.2%
8.6%6.0%
Oil
Coal
LNG
Hydroelectric Renewable energy (excluding hydroelectric)
・Renewable energy accounted for approximately 14.6% of power generation in 2015.
・More specifically, hydroelectric power generated by large-scale dams, etc., accounted for 8.6%,
with solar PV, wind, geothermal and biomass power accounting for 6.0%.
43
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Solar PV
Wind power
Biomass
Geothermal
Middle and small
hydropower
RPS System
Average annual
growth rate
5%
Average
annual
growth rate
9%
Average annual
growth rate
29%
FIT
system
(FY)
Excess Electricity Purchasing Scheme
(10MW)
History of Introduction of RES
The main driver shifted to RPS in 2003, Residential Surplus Electricity Purchasing Scheme in 2009 and then, to Feed-in Tariff in 2012.
Acceleration of introduction of renewable energy
44
Technology development & corroboration
Demonstration of floating wind power generation station off Fukushima aiming at first actual operation in the world
(7MW and 5MW station were installed 2017: \24 billion)
Blade radius: 80 m
[7MW station, world’s largest in scale]
Construction of transmission and distribution networks
Rationalization of procedure for environmental assessment
Constructing and testing transmission and distribution networks in appropriate places for wind power in Hokkaido and Tohoku
(2017: \3 billion)
Shorten period of procedure for environment assessment
of wind and thermal power generation, which usually takes 3 or 4 years
(2017: \0.6 billion )
Douou – Okhotsk route
[Route scheduled for constructing transmission/distribution network in Hokkaido]
Steps toward problem solution – Technology development & demonstration, transmission & distribution network construction,
rationalization of procedure for environmental assessment
Current Status of Geothermal Power Generation
Global geothermal turbine market share
Japan (70%)
Source: Ruggero Bertani 2010, Geothermal Power Generation in the World, 2005-2010 Update Report (revised)
Source: Reports from JICA(2012) and AIST(2010) and so on.
World geothermal resources
45
CountryGeothermal Resources
(10,000kW)
Installed capacity(10.000
kW)
USA 3,000 345
Indonesia 2,779 134
Japan 2,347 53
Kenya 700 59
Philippines 600 187
Mexico 600 102
Iceland 580 67
Ethiopia 500 1
New Zealand 365 101
Italy 327 92Peru 300 0
Energy source Geothermal power
Procurement category
15,000 kW or more
Less than 15,000 kW
Procurement price per kWhTax exclusive
26 yen 40 yen
Procurement period
15 years 15 years
Feed-in Tariff
Mitsubishi
Hitachi
Power
Systems
24%
Toshiba
23%Fuji Electric
20%
Ansaldo/Tosi
(Italy)
13%
Ormat
(Israel)
10%
others
10%
Total11,682MW
Geothermal power generation, which has a higher operating rate (83%) compared to other renewable energy, is a stable power source
at low power generation cost that can play a role of a base-load power source.
Japan has the world's third largest amount of geothermal energy resources (23,470 MW) but has only 530 MW of installed capacity.
The government has been trying to facilitate the development of geothermal power generation, with appropriate support measures
such as subsidy for geological survey, investment for exploration, loan guarantee for construction of power generation facilities, and
R&D.
Furthermore, Feed-in Tariff Scheme obliges electric utilities to purchase electricity generated from renewable energy sources at the
procurement price and for the procurement period. (started on July 2012)
Three Japanese manufacturers, Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Toshiba and Fuji Electric, account for 70% of the global market for
geothermal turbines.
The Energy Conservation Center, Japan
Since 1978
For More Information;
The Energy Conservation Center, Japan
http://www.eccj.or.jp <from 1996>
Asia Energy Efficiency and Conservation Collaboration Center
(Established in April 2007)
http://www.asiaeec-col.eccj.or.jp
Japanese Business alliance for Smart Energy-Worldwide
(Established in October 2008)
https://www.jase-w.org/
The Symbol of Energy Conservation Since 2005
ECCJ has been spread the symbol mark with the
visual image of a flour-leaf clover which is thought
to bring happiness named as “SMART CLOVER”,
representing everyone’s energy conservation
activities.
Thank You Very Much
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