Expansion in Texas 9.3

Mr. ManelskiCPUSH

Americans Settle in the Southwest

• Spanish had established missions to convert the Native Americans to Catholicism in Northern Mexico (Texas/ NM/ AZ)

• Mexico wins independence from Spain in 1821– Native Americans step up their

attacks on Setters • Few Mexicans move to Texas

– gives mission lands to farmers and ranchers

– American and Mexican Setters (Tejanos) began to pour into the country

Stephen F. Austin

Empresarios

• Who: People who would sell land to Americans for the Mexican Government (Stephen F. Austin was one of the best)

• What: Given Land Grants by Mexican government turned around and sold the land to American Settlers.

• Where: Texas• When:1821, 1823, 1824• Why?

• Why would Mexico have a difficult time controlling their land?

What does this map tell us?

Americans in Texas

• Why were Texans and Mexicans at odds with each other?– Americans had to convert to Catholicism– Refrain from settling within 60 miles of America– All official business conducted in Spanish– SLAVES

With tensions mounting, Mexico bans any more immigration from the US in 1830. However Americans still pour into Mexico.

Moving Towards War

• Austin arrested by Mexican President Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna– Places high taxes on US goods and move troops into Texas

• By 1835, Anglo-Americans out numbered Tejanos, Native Americans, and African Americans in Texas– Austin wins repeal of immigration ban

• G.T.T.- 1,000 a month in 1835

• Santa Anna become increasingly despotic– Suspends Mexican constitution

• Texas Revolution begins in 1835

ANALYZE THE REALTIONSHIP BETWEEN MEXICO AND THE TEXAN SETTLERS

MEXICO SETTLERS

GOALS

ACTIONS

OUTCOMES

Texan War for Independence

• Santa Anna moves 4000 troops to Texas to put down Anglo rebellion

• William Travis moves Anglo forces to the Alamo.• 12 day siege of Alamo ends, all 187 defenders die

– ALAMO VIDEO– “Let’s make their victory worse than defeat!” – Col.

William Travis• March 2, 1836, Texans declare independence• Santa Anna executes 445 rebels at Goliad• Sam Houston captures Santa Anna at San Jacinto River• Santa Anna recognizes independence of

Republic of Texas July 1836.

Map: Major Battles of the Texas Revolution, 1835-1836

Major Battles of the Texas Revolution, 1835-1836Sam Houston's victory at San Jacinto was the decisive action of the war and avenged the massacres at the Alamo and Goliad.

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Fall of the Alamo by Robert Jenkins OnderdonkAlthough they were greatly outnumbered, Texas forces held off a siege at the Alamo by the Mexican army under Antonio López de Santa Anna. The old mission's walls were eventually breached, however, and the Texans were overcome in hand-to-hand fighting. This painting is an artist's conception of the last moments of battle, before the remaining Texans were finally defeated. (Friends of the Governor's Mansion)

Fall of the Alamo by Robert Jenkins Onderdonk

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

TEXANS WIN

Battle of San Jacinto• The Alamo and Goliad had infuriated

the Texans

• Sam Houston and 900 men surprised the Mexican Army at San Jacinto– “Remember the Alamo!!!!!”

• Kill 630 Mexicans in 15 minutes!

• Capture Santa Anna and force him to sign the treaty of Velasco

Republic of Texas

• Mexico regretted the treaty, but the U.S., France and Britain recognized the Republic of Texas

• July 1836 – Sam Houston elected first president

• Some wanted to annex Texas but others did not.– WHY??– Who finally tipped the

balance in favor of annexation?

San Jacinto Battle Flag, 1836Texans believed that their war for independence paralleled the Revolutionary War. The lady of liberty on this banner, carried by Texans in 1836, brings to mind similar images that stirred patriots during the American Revolution. (Archives Division, Texas State Library)

San Jacinto Battle Flag, 1836

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

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http://www.tamu.edu/faculty/ccbn/dewitt/batsanjacinto.htm

Narrative of the Battle of San Jacinto:

Polk and Dallas FlagThis campaign banner celebrating the candidacy of James K. Polk and George M. Dallas on the Democratic ticket carries a subtle message conveying the party's platform. Surrounding Polk's picture are twenty-five stars, one for each state in the Union. Outside the corner box, a twenty-sixth star stands for Texas, which Polk promised to annex. (Collection of David J. and Janet L. Frent)

Polk and Dallas Flag

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Excerpt from Polk’s Inaugural AddressI regard the question of annexation as belonging exclusively to the United States and Texas. They are independent powers competent to contract, and foreign nations have no right to interfere with them or to take exceptions to their reunion. Foreign powers do not seem to appreciate the true character of our Government. Our Union is a confederation of independent States, whose policy is peace with each other and all the world. To enlarge its limits is to extend the dominions of peace over additional territories and increasing millions. The world has nothing to fear from military ambition in our Government. …. Foreign powers should therefore look on the annexation of Texas to the United States not as the conquest of a nation seeking to extend her dominions by arms and violence, but as the peaceful acquisition of a territory once her own, by adding another member to our confederation, with the consent of that member, thereby diminishing the chances of war and opening to them new and ever-increasing markets for their products.

Q: Why would the North not want Texas in the union?

A: For many reasons…1. Slavery was allowed in Texas2. Making TX a state would upset the

Missouri Compromise more Sectionalism3. Mexico might be moved to war

Even though Texas has been annexed, its boundary is still in dispute!