Stage history was made in Maritzburg last week 'When for the firsttime White and Non-White players appeared on the stage togetherin Cecil Williams' production of Sartre's "The Respectable Prosti­tute." Here the prostitute (Val Philip) and the negro (Douglas Xaba),forgetting their colour differences in the colour ridden SouthernStates of the USA, cling to one another in fear as the lynch-crazymob comes closer and closer to their apartment. (See report on

p1lge8.)

in the history of the Colouredcommunity.

A meeting of Coloured leaders inPort Elizabeth last week-end passeda unanimous resolution to set up acommittee in the area to work to­wards the success of the all-inColoured convention.

Representatives of various Col­oured organisations in the PortElizabeth area were present and thedelegates included ministers of reli­gion, trade unionists and teachers.

Plan to Link Up With Africans

Big Response To ColouredC

· II Arrangements are being made. forstill more representative meetings,

Onventl 0 n Ca a.nd cont.act has already been esta~-lished WIth the Cape Town commit-tee.

Discussions at the convention willbe based On the demand for

• the total abolition of the col­our bar in every sphere;

• full citizenship for all thepeoples of South Africa,

A statement issued by the CapeTown committee said that afterinitial meetings of Coloured repre­sentatives which included leaders inthe Church, teacher, cultural, tradeunion. and political bodies, it wasagreed-

• "That the only policy that can(Continued on page 3)

THE proposal to call anational convention of Col­

oured people, initiated in CapeTown recently, has been re­ceived with widespread approv­al. Committees are beingestablished in other centres inthe Union, and aD indicationsare that the conference, whichwill be held later this year, willbe one of the most significant

JOHANNESB URG.

ov:~ ~~~no~::a::fv::invitations to the All-in AfricanConference scheduled to takeplace in Pietermaritzborg onMarch 24 and 25. The organi­sers hope that anything from1,000 to 1,500 people willattend the proceedings in theMaritzborg Town Hall.

The conference, convened by theContinuation Committee of Africanleaders, is to consolidate the unityto which the December meeting ofAfrican leaders gave expression, tolead the African people in their de­mands for full democratic rights,and to demand a National Conven­tion for South Africa in which allthe people, regardless of colour, willparticipate to shape the new SouthAfrica.

Sporting, cultural, church, vigi­lance and residents' organisationshave been invited to take part inthe conference. and some organisa­tions have responded already bysending in signed delegates' forms.

In Natal invitations to take partin the conference have been sent tourban and rural bodies, and dele­gates are being urged to come for­ward with resolutions.

In Cape Town a leaflet has beencirculated in the townships stressingthe importance of the conferenceand urging the people to disregardthe propaganda of hostile elementswho are trying to make the confer­ence fail.

"From now on Africans are com­ing together to put an end to dis­crimination on the grounds ofcolour," says the leaflet. "This iswhat every African is strugglingfor."

driven by the scabs are now beingsingled out for a selective boycott.At all the main stops people refuseto board buses driven by the scabs,and in some cases whole bus loadshave got off when they knew a scabwas driving,

The message goes from mouth tomouth - "kuqguba inywagi" - (awild species of cat is driving).

l~r::~~ ;~~ik~: ~~:n~~~3 b~e~chickens, and plays havoc amongstthem. The word is now used figura­tively to denote Africans who arealleged to play a traitorous role.

Meanwhile the directors of theBay Passenger Transport Companyhave rejected the workers' demandsas "too far-reaching." In terms ofthe agreement, the dispute will nowgo to arbitratio n.

The workers' demands have cov­ered wages, uniforms, running time

(Continued on page 3)

~lflllll lll i llf l lf l l l l l l l l l l i l lf i l lfillflllllll illfllllll i l lflll§

ISoviet ShipsIICreate PanicII In South IIWest Africa iI -Page 4 Iillll llllllllllllillflllllllll llllllllllllllllllll llllll lllllllilili

EXP CTED,AL N-

C F RENCE 6d.

Bus Boycott Call For ~ IIIP.E. THEY MADE HISTORY!

on March 6 Afr;~anSolidarity Action With Men on Trial Un,fy

A section of the large crowd who were present at the opening session ofthe two-day workers' conference held in Durban last week-end.

PORT ELIZABETH.A decision to 'boycott the buses

on March 6 and other days there­after when the case of 193 busmenon charges of taking part in anillegal strike is recurned was adoptedunanimously at a crowded workers'rally attended by several thousandsat the Moslem Hall here last Sun­day.

The hall could not accommodatethe enormous crowds who turnedup and hundreds had to be turnedaway.

The speakers dealt with a num­ber of topics ranging from tradeunion matters to condemnation ofthe murder of Lumumba.

After many speakers had spokenfrom the floor, a resolution wastaken calling on the United Na­tions to set un a commission ofAfrican Slates with powers to unitethe Congo and curb the activitiesof imperialist agents and stooges.

SELECTIVE BOYCOTI

The ending of the official busboycott here has seen the beginningof a new form of selective boycottdirected against tho se who scabbedagainst the workers in their recentstruggle.

The agreement between theworkers and the management pro­vidcd for the re-employment of allthe workers who were a party tothe dispute, plus seven others. Whenthe workers' representatives attachedtheir signatures to the agreementthey were under the impression thatthe seven men referred to were themen who were on holiday when thedispute started.

On Tuesday last week. however,thev realised that three of the sevenwere scabs who had operated thebuses during the boycott. The buses

NE W AGE , THURSD AY, M ARC H 2, 1961

INDIANS REJECT ASIATICDEPARTMENT

hurl ed accusa tions of "r acial­ism" at the convenors whenthey were asked to leave.

Then why does "Contact"continually promote theseviews in its columns? Theanswer is that "Conta ct" isprepared to do anythin g toembarrass the ex-member s ofthe bann ed ANC and frustra tetheir policies because it has foryears dubbe d the ANC "Com ­munist" and condem ned themulti-racial Congress allianceas an instrument of Moscow.

EncouragingToda y, when unity of all

sections of the oppressed isimperative if apar theid is to besmashed , it has been encour­aging to note that Africanleaders of widely d ifferingoutlook have at las t got to­gether as joint sponsors of theMaritzburg conference.

But "Contact," apparentlyind ifferent to the success orfailure of the Maritzburgconfere nce, continues to oushthe views of Black chau vinists,even though they conflict withits own basic policy and thatof the Liberal Party.

We say these are the tacticsof wreckers. "Contact's" aimis not to build a nni ted frontof all anti -Na tionalists, but tosmash the Conaress unitedfront which has been so pain­fulJv built after years of hardpoli tical struggle.

Th e cold-blooded murderof Lumumba, as well as thecritical stage which has beenreached in our own count ry,make it impossible for us toremain silent about these tac­tics any longer.

A Challenge• We challenge "Contact"

to come out into the onen andsay whether it wants the Ma­ritzburg conference to succeedor fail.

• We challenze "Contact"to say whether it stands forBlack chauvinism or co­operation between all races inSouth Africa on a basis ofequality.

• We challenge "Contact"to say whether it would ratherco-operate with the NationalistGovernment in working theSuppression of CommunismAct, than co-opera te with theCongress movement in oppos­ing the Natio nal ist Govern­ment and smashing ap arthe idby a united effort of all anti­Na tionalists.

• Finally, we challeo2ethe Liberal Party once againto say whether it agrees withthe line of "C ontact," and ifnot , why it does not repudiatea paper which by its recklessant i-Communism is doing somuch harm to the freedomstru ggle in South Africa,

HarmfulThe net effect of this is that

"Contact" has got itself out ofstep with the whole liberationmoveme nt in Afri ca and lineditself up with the imperialists.And it will make this sort ofblunder aga in and againthrough its anti-Communism.Negative policies based onsterile and misguided anti­Communism can never havepositive results. Such policies·have produ ced cold-bloodedmurder and chaos in theCongo , and have grievouslyharmed the freedom struggleof the Congolese people. Suchpolicies are proving equall yharmful in the Union.

In the issue of "Co ntact"dated Febru ary 11, thereappears an article headed:"African Lea ders' Conference-Some May Not Be There."The articl e displays prominent­ly the views of a former lead­ing member of the bannedPan -African ist Congress, Mr.Z. B. Molete, on the forth­coming Afr ican Lea ders' Con­ference to be held in Maritz­burg on March 25 and 26.

Mr. Molete said African"Nationalists" in South Africawould orobably not SUODortthe conference because "th eywould not be a pa rty to amulti-racial con vention, suchas forms the ba sis of discus­sion at the coming confer ­ence."

Nowhere in "Contact" havewe so far fou nd any attemptto supp ort the aims of ' theMaritzburg confere nce, and tohelp make it what will prob­ably prove to be the mostrepresentative conference ofAfrican leade rs iII our politi­cal 'history. We can onlyassume "Contact" gives promi­nence to Mr. Mo lete's viewsbecause it is in sympathy withthem.

Multi-Racialism

but because they were anti­Lumumba, and "Con tact" be­lieved Lumum ba had "t ried tosell his count ry to the Rus­sians."

Yet "Contact," which osten­sibly stands for non-racialism,cannot possibly support Mr.Molete in his opposition totaking part in a multi -racialconference purely becau se it ismulti-racial. Afte r all, theeditor of "Contact," Mr. Dun­can himself, a ttended themulti -racial confer ence con­vened by the Inte rdenomina­tional African Ministers'Federation in Johannesburg inDecember 1957. And it is onlytwo months since the assistanteditor of "Co ntac t," a Euro­pean, and a prominent Col­oured member of the LiberalParty tried to gate -crash thefirst African Leaders' Confer­ence in Joh anne sburg and

INdat~~ ~~:m~~r~~~ I~g;,we pub lished an editorialattacking the policy of Mr.Duncan , the editor of "Con­tact ," in relation to events inthe Congo.

One or two of our readersthought we had been a littleunkind to Mr. Duncan. Subse­quent events, however , haveshown that our criticism of"Contact's" line on the Congowas completely justified.

"Contact" had said in aleading article on December 3:

"The latest news from theCongo is good . Colonel Mobu­tu is quietly building up a realCongolese army. In alliancewith him President Kasavubuhas obtained a seat at theUnited Nations. Technicians,many of them Belgians, aretrickling back to the countryto help re-start essential ser­vices. Slowly, in place of thechaos caused by Belgian apart­heid, a modem free state isarising . When its power isgreat enough, and the signs arethat that day is now near, itwill deal with the man whotried to sell his country to theRussians- Patrice Lumumba"(Our italics.)

The editorial , which in thelight of what happened canonly be regarded as an incite­ment, ended: "It looks asthough the Congo is on its wayto normality. 'Con tact' congra­tulates its leade rs, and hopesfor a speedy end to the crisis."

False PictureIt is plain to all today how

false is the picture of theCongo that was painted by"Contact." The policies sup­ported by "Contact" have ledto civil war , the fragmentationof the Congo and the cold­blooded murder of Lumumbaunder circumstances whichhave shocked the whole world.Even "Contac t" was forced inits last issue to condemn themurder of Lumumba and torefrain this time from offeringits congratulations to theKasavubu - Mobutu - Tshombeclique who have been exposedso clearly as the unscruoulous'hirelings of the imperialists .But "Contact" cannot so easilyescape tbe jud~ent of themasses, who will never forgetth at it was "Contact" almostalone of all South Africannewspapers which went so faras to call Lmnomba a traitor.

We revert to this subjectagain this week because it isnecessary to stress that "Con ­tact's" wrong line on theCongo was not an accident,but is due to the fact that"Contact" bases its policiesnrimarily on anti-Communism."Contact" backed the Kasavu­bu-Mobutu set-up, not becauseit endorsed their basic policies,

"Conlacl " The Co The- ,Mnrilzhurg Conference

Fire in Africa

Love Africa MeansLove the People

Son s and dau gh ters of Africashould no t allow any enemy todisunite them. F ree dom fighters ofthe soil we have been told tha tthe sons an d daughters of thecountry relax not a nd sleep not;that in un ity lies their stren gth.

Wh ere are you going, BCP boysand girls? N ote from history.Learn fro m experience.

Because the fire tha t is blazi ngin Africa sha ll blow away theashes of imperialism fo rever .

STEPHEN M. MOKI BAMaseru. Basutoland.

and be regarded as traitors by thevas t majori ty of our peop le whodem and full equali ty and the abo­lition of all un just laws.

M. MO OLASecret ary , S.A. Ind ianYouth Co ngr ess,Johan nesbu rg..

Belgians Will QuitUnion Soon

I read the Cape T imes of Feb.20. 1961 th at at a Johannesbur gnr ot est meeting ove r the deat h ofPatric e Lu mumba some Belgianrefugee s from the Corrao put UPsome posters saving "To hell withLumumba and his communistfriends. whv should we mourn forhis dea th ?"

These oeoole mus t not inter ferehere in Sou th Afric a. If we, no n­whites or whites, want to mou rnfor our he ro of the Co ngo. it isnone of their busi ness and the yare still going to move ou t ofSouth Africa very Soon. the sameway they moved out of the Conzo.The v have no say here in tfieUni on .

IRENE MOL~OA

Kenilw orth , Cape .

Every black an d white muststand tocether al ways in thestrucgle for libera tion . To loveAfrica is to love the people ofAfr ica . One cann ot love Af ricawhile one does not love the peopleof Af rica . like D r. Ver woe rd andhis followers.

Th ev say they like Africa. hutthey do not like the Afri cans. Buttha t will not helo th em. Anartheidhas bro ken u!'· relation ships be­tween all sections of our country .If Verwoerd reall v loves this conn ­trv he must withdraw his ap art­heid oolicv. If he coes on he will

no l last long an d his will onl y bea ternnorarv G ove rnment.

People must not forget thatwha t hapnened in the Congo . liketh e mur de r of Lu mumba. mighthanoen here too . Because in La dySelbn rne the Nat ionalists attacke dChief Lutuli.

_ Wh en the ne on le protest theanswer of the ' Go vernment is tolock un or sho ot neonle. But theviews an d act ivities of the neoo lewill not be stopned by this . Weneed better education. not Ban tuEducatio n, and mo re schools, notmore jails.

The refore God give short daysto the opp ressors and capitalistswho are suck ing th e blood of thepeople: and give long life to thefreedo m fighters an d Mr . Khrus­chov.

DOUGLAS MANQINACap e T own .

YOU CAN SENDIT IN RANDSM~ ~:n~u~s rfu~f:s d~~:~tions in South Afric a's newdecimal coina ge-rands andcents . We suggest you should.because it makes bankingeasier for us . But we don'tmind so 10n Q.as vou send usthe monev . You Can send uspo stal order s in real rand andcent denomi nations , or else youcan send us good old pounds,shillings and 'pCflce, an d we' lldo the converting.

Whichever brand of monevvou choose to send, we shallbe very pleased to receive it,because we need it as badly a 1

ever.

So don't delay . Po st us yourrand-cent donations toda y!!

Last Week's D onations:Cape Town:

Unity RIO. A.F. 9Oc, ShipR4. Da nce ticket s RI, Testa ­ment R2.

Port Elizabeth:Sister R2, Friend R6 .30,

Shortie R4, Babs RI , Doc R2,Mama R2 , Ch ips R2, Dock sR2. Wag on wheels R20,Workers' fr iend R14 .

TOTAL: R73.20.

To those Ind ians who are pre­par ed to co-o perate with theGo vem ment we wish to say thatthey will stand expos ed as stooge s

A hundred years have elapsedand after twelve years of N ation­ali st rule a basic fact ha s beenaccepted (no t fully thou gh) by theG overnment, that the Ind ianpeople are Sout h Afr icans: a ndthat no amo unt of pe rsecuti on andvilifica tion will alte r that fact.Having accente d th is fact andhaving fai led misera bly in theiratt em pts to re patriate the Ind ianpeople "vo luntari ly" by mea ns ofthat obnoxious niece of legislat ionknown as the G roup Areas Act,thev ar e now att empt ing to sowseeds of dissension amon g ourpeople and create disunity amongthe progressive forces in the coun­try. Henc e the creation of theDe partment of Asiatic Affairs.

As a nat ional mino rity the In ­dians have been hound ed and per­secuted bv successive wh ite gov­ern ments but opp ression has beenintensified in recent vears. Ourho mes, mosques, temple s, school s,sh ops an d employment are threat ­ened by the Group Areas Act and •oth er discrimin atory laws-ourvery existence as a people is atstake. We have no say in theaffairs of the country and basichu man rights ar e den ied us.

And now the Go vern ment offersus the Deoa rtment of AsiaticAffairs. And they seek ou r "co­opera tion." With whom are wesupposed to co-operate? Co­opera te with the very peo ple whoun til la st vea r still had hopes ofrepatria ting us? N o, than k you.Co -operat e with a Governmentwhich has made every conceivableeffort to destro v us and stilI deniesliS fund ame nta l hum an rights? No,thank vo u. We do not believe insuch co-ouera tion. WE REJECTT HE DE PART MENT OF ASIA­TIC AFFAIRS AS A F RAU D.

NE W AGE, THURSDAY, MA RC H 2, 1961

an

"YOUR CHILDREN CANNOTDEVELOP FU R THE R," saysBantu Education regional direc-

tor Mr. M . Proze skr,

ceiling. Anything from 35 to 40 percent of the stud ents could no t con­tinue. "We elimina te the m. Theyhave reached their ceilin g and canno longer benefit from schooling."There was yet a nothe r ceiling inform three,

All the speeches at this scho olopening cere mon y were delivered inEnglish. The Government officialsreceived a cool reeeotion from thecrow d. •

hy Did Youhe .N.C.?"

APA RTHEID BACK

(Continued from page 1)

between termini and other cond i­tions of work. T he workers are nOWnegotia ting as a tra de union anddemand that the employers grantfacilities to tra de union officials toco nsult the workers a t the depot onlegi tima te trade un ion matters. Thework ers also deman d the acceptanceof a stop order system for the col­lectio n of trade unio n dues.

The SAR re-imposed a partheid atNe w Brighton station the momentthe boycott was called off. Onceagai n Railway police, who a daybefore had courteously shown the

b~i~I:, s~~oJh~t ;;f~otte~~spr~~~;any body crosring by it.

JOHANNESBURG.A SCHOOL Board member

Mr. Z. P. Ramailanecaused a sensation in Alexan­dra Township last week whenhe launched an attack on theGovernment for banning theAfrican National Congress.

He rele ased this bo mb shell as hewas proposing a vote of thanks tothe Region al Di rector of Bantu 1..__---=_.......--_Education in the South ern Trans­vaal at the official openin g of thenew build ing of the AlexandraSecond ary School.

The Par liament of the Unionmad e its biggest mis take when itbanned the Af rica n Nat ional Con­gress , sa id Mr . Ramailane, an oldveteran of the T ownshio who wasone of the fo unda tion members ofthe ANC. "I say Parliament hasdone wrong . Where must we takeour political grievanc es? Becausewe cannot take them to the dep art­ments of the Gov ernm ent !"

Mr. Rarnailane then went on todemand compul sory edu ca tion forAfrican childr en. He cha llenged Mr.M. Prozeskv, Bantu Edu cation Re­gion al Director, to convene a meet­ing of all the School Boards andcommittees in the Tra nsvaal wherehe would explain why Africans musthave separate, Ban tu, education. Hesaid : " Our learne d sons must bepresent when you tell us this be­

_ cau se the whole thing is political~ and they will un derstand it better. "

, ~· , ' I The ~~t~:c~~~~tor dis-. , ~ , . § cussed the recen t Af rican children's

" :--§ matr iculat ion results . Th e 1960 re­§ suits were better than tho ; e in 1959,§ he said . Th en the official launched§ an attack on African !Jupils who§ showed mor e interest in politics than§ in . their scho ol work. They were§ influenced, he charged , by all kinds§ of 'agitation' and 'p ropaganda.'

~~------_........_----,§ Many of these pupils 'gave trouble.'§ They thought they were clever and='listened to stories .' Mr . Prozesky

devote d much of hi s speech to ex­plaining why the G overn ment fixedacademic ceilings for Afr ican pupilsbeyon d which th ey cou ld not go.

In the Transv aal two out of every100 standard two ou oils had failedfor the second time ' this year andhad not been a llowed to continue.They totalled 950 children. Thesechild ren, he said , had not been ma­ture enough, or 'gifted' enough tode rive furthe r benefit fr om acade-mic studies.

In standard six there was another

WILL MERGE

It is expected that shortly com ­mittees in th e different centres willmerge and a nat ional committee willbe set up .

The Port Elizab eth meeting re­cor ded its unequivocal oppositionto the Coloured Affairs Departm entand the CA D . Ministry. The Col­oure d people sho uld not fall intogro up thinking and adopt a Gro upAreas mentality, the meet ing said .

More PAC Men Flee

From Union

Big Response To ColouredConvention Call

(Co nt inued from page 1)succeed in South Africa is one ofcomplete equality for all people.

• " Having accepted that westand for complete equality in anon-raci al South Africa, we there­fore reject all political and socialagencies that have as their purpose

JO HANNESB URG .

PA~d~;f~~af~s~h~e~:::p~~~eh::~Vanderbijl Park public violencecases and sought refug e in Basuto­land give as reaso ns for their flightconstant th reats and intim idation bySpecial Branc h and municipalpolic e.

The se PAC men say the SpecialBranch has threatened them withexile if they are not convicted inthe current trials or after they h aveserved their sentence s if they areconvicted. Others say they wereth rea tened by local police that noneof these kn own pol iticals will beable to get work in their hometowns,

Elev en men including the chair­man, secreta ry and treasurer of theVanderbijl Bra nch of the formerPAC are the late st to seek refugeacross the border in Basutol and andthere may be anoth er two on theirway.

Six of th ese lat est refugees areamong 15 on trial for public vio­lence in Vanderbijl Park . TheCrown had already closed its casein this tri al and the defence casewas due to open on March 9. TheDefence and Aid Fund stood bailfor all the accused in this trial.

F ive of the 22 accused in Veree­niging's Sh arpeville publ ic viole nceand incitement case have also left.An oth er two of these accu sed aresuspected to be on their way outof the U nion .

the perpet uation of a system whichimplies the infe riority of, and im­poses ineq uality upon , any SouthAfrican of whatever race or colo ur.

• "Bearing in mind that thesta ted policy of the Government asenun ciated by Dr. Verwoerd, andthe political and social institutions

_ _ _ _ _ _____ I which are bein g uced to implementthat policy, are en tirely repugn an tto, and inimical to the true interestsof the people, it was agreed thatTHERE COU LD BE NO COMo ,PRO MISE OR COLLABORA ­TIO N WITH THE PRESENTGOVERNMENT ."

Among the spo nsors and conve­nors of the convent ion are BishopFrancis Gow, Dr. R. E. van derRoss, Mess rs. B. Desai, E. F. Do­man , C . Marney, J. C. A. Dan iels,N. S. H. Kearn s, D. B. Smith, D .van der Ross an d Councillor H. E.I-- - - - - - - - - - - - - --------- .------

Pa~~. c?nvention .ha s the support PEBus Boycoll Bantu Education Chief Came To Open Aof prominent Africa n leade rs and

~~ ~~jn~ti~bo~i ~~~a~~n~~~ti~o:~ I • I School - And Got A Shocksolid unity between the Coloured on March 6~~~ d~~~cc~~ti~e~i~~ts~n the strug gle , ,

The stat emen t by the work ingcomm itte e of the Convention said:

" Over a period of years, th erehas ari sen a feeling that ther e mustcome abou t a united veice andforce, embracing all demo craticelements in Sou th Africa, anddraw n from all sections com prisingthe nati on , i.e. Wh ite., Africa n andColo ured, to protest unitedly againstthe whole set-up of White domina­tion and apartheid."

1=======·'I "'C;;""""~ii"'''ii';iid;;'''''''d'' ''' ''' ''' '' '''IIl '''' I! '' '''''IIl'''''' " """ '"""""'''''''''''''''''''''''' "C

From M. P. Naicker

DURBAN.

~ Af ter living under scan ­§ dalou sly overcrow ded condi­§ tions in Cato Ma no r for many§ yea rs, and hav ing to pay near- .§ ly half his meagr e wage in§ rent, M r. Ramch and Chotoo,§ his wife and thr ee grandchild­§ ren tho ught th at a ll the ir:: troub les were over when they~ were offered a piece of land 0 0- a frien d's property in Green -

wood Park on which to buildthemselves a wood and ironhome of their own.

Th ree days after the y h admo ved into their new hom e,however, building inspectorsfro m th e Co roor ation arriveda nd served the-m with a noticeord ering the demol ition of theirhome " as the new structurewas pu t up without the permi s-

~\~~er~'~ the Durban City En- Mrs, Chotoo, "ith her th ree grandchildren huddled next to her,

Compared with the thou- prep ares lunch for her family on an im provised stove by the roadside.

~~~~s b~~lt s~~s th~h~~u~cir,~ ~h~kt b~~~fng~ife'S savings on ~as i~~~~vfs~~pa~~~e IU:h th~perm ission in areas such as the With usual bureaucratic em- roa dside. She was too over-

:~I-~:~~~o~~Ji~/~~J':~~~~ ciency the Council's dem olitio n come with grief to make any

for its filth and squ alor , the :::~:do~e~:V~:e a~~a~~~defu:d g~~m:~~in~ t~:ts~gilida~~iChotoos' home was a paradise. raze d the building to th e know where to go and that she

§ wa~:~ec~~:d ~~nc~;ek,or~~~ grou nd within half an ho ur. ~~r:e~u~~~ ~~~~u~Oa/k~' wv;,~id~ Chot oos were in tears . They When I visited Mrs. Chotoo be able to find some shelter§ had no wher e to go . They had (he r hu sband was at work), she for the family .

pll llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllill111I1I1U1II III 1111111111111111 III 1111111111111 111111111 111111111 111111111 1111111111111111111111111I1111I1II1I1I1I1I1II11I11II11II11I1rr.

o

Windhoek Riot CaseWINDHOEK.

The Attorney-General of South I

West Africa has given instructionsfor the prosecution of 17 of theNon-Europeans who were involvedin the December 10 riots in 1959.

They are to be charged in theWindhoek Magistrate's Court withpublic violence.

1\\\ JUDAS 1961 III

-"who bet rayed L nm um ba for 30 pieces of Wes tern silver."

D U R BAN. 300 tribesmen on February 18, 1960.They were served with notices

BIG talk from De Wet N el signed bv the . ~ssist~nt Secretary

and o!hers in the BAD that ~~d~:~~~:~~~~~~i~~~d ~\JJ;:Pondo tribesmen have been P. Tal jaardt, stating that a numbervoluntarily coming forward in of Africans, resident in the districttheir hundreds to pay £5 each of Bizana, have been assaulted and

for t~e damage ~nsed d uring ~%i~~~~rng :~j"I;g,09t~~s, td~~~~~the disturbances m PondoIand been caused by "the wilful destrue­is nothing but big talk. tion of property by fire" and that

WHAT IS REALLY HAPPEN - "His Excellency the GovernorING IS THAT THE PEOPLE ARE General . . . has imposed a fine ofBEING BULLIED AND BLUD· £5 or one beast."GEONED , ARR ESTED AND (Note: The BAD is so efficientHARASSED AND FORCED TO that they have already worked outPAY A FIN E OF £5 EACH. the total losses to the nearest

Here are some examples of the penny.)methods used to get these fines: The people refused to pay and

• At the Madiba location in were all arrested and taken to whatBizana over 100 police, assisted by has become known as " the eoncen­the renegade Chief Gangata and his tration camp" at Bizana. This is ahenchmen and accompanied bv a large fenced-in area adjacent to thehelicopter which flew around the police station.area at low level, rounded up over FINED ON THE SPOT

• One Mr. M. was met by apolice party on a road and handeda notice by an official who de­manded that he pay his fine on thespot . Mr. M. paid his fine and wasissued with a receipt there and then.

Feeling is still high in these areasand the daily raids are creatinggreater bitterness and anger againstthe authorities and in particularChief Gangata who has a personalbodyguard of 40 heavily armedhome guards.

One home guard who escapedfrom "service" told New Age thatEuropean police come unexpectedlyto check on any mutiny amongstthe guardsmen and to train them inthe use of arms.

He added that he could not seehow these home guards were goingto continue to serve the Chief as allof them were disgruntled. They hadbeen promised £5 ner month fortheir services, but were being paidonly £2 lOs. with a vromise thattheir wage will be increased.

Authorities suppor ters as part oftheir remuneration for the dirtywork they are doing.

WITHOUT FOODTwo of the f~milies face starva­

tion and went to the BAD Commis­sioner recently to report their plight.They were given cou!>ons to obtainfood supplies that lasted only tendays. Had it not been for the factthat the people share their limitedfood resources, the two familieswould be in a desperate plight to­day.

It is difficult to imagine the hard­ships all these peoyle will endurewhen they move next month to anew area where they will live withstrange people.

The wife of one of the deportees- Mrs. Miriam Jara- is reported to,be very ill . Her youngest andeighth child is 8 months old,Amongst them the six families have17 children under 10 years, whilethe others are on the average 13 to15 years of age.

X FAMI IBANISHED

POR T ELIZABETH.SIX men were banished from

Chi ef Sandi Majeke's loca­tions in the Qumbu district re­cently. They are Messrs N om­pula, M anyakanyaka and Mfiki­Ii, of Mahlangu Location; andMr. Matom ane and twobr others J ar a, of Gura Loca­tio n.

Not satisfied merely with victimis­ing the breadwinners. Sandi Maje'keis now turning his attention to thewomen and innocent children.

New Age learns that the six fami­lies have been notified to removebefore the end of March next to amore ar id part of the district wherethey will have to start life afresh.

The losses which will be incurredas a result of the compulsory re­moval will be great. Four of thehomes are said to be substantialbuildings which must now be leftvacant, or be occupied by the Bantu

P.A.C. StrikeIonned For

March 21?

still continue on a b ig scale inthe Eastern Pondoland districts.

In one location alone-Macibini- in the Lady Frere district morethan 300 men and boys werearrested and packed into riot trucksin which they were conveyed to theQueenstown jail. ,

ARMY COLLECTS TAXFSThe army and the police arrest

indiscriminately ..ll males and thosethey find without reference booksare often forced to pay admissionof guilt on the spot to the police orthe chief's horne guar ds. In addition

to these a person is fined in thecourts 10/- to £1 for every yearthat he fails to pay his taxes, andon top of all he still has to pay thetax itself.

As many men are in the reservesbecause they are not allowed to goto industrial centres to seek workunder the influx control regulationsthey just have not got any moneyto pay taxes, and therefore servethe periods in jail. But even thisdoes not relieve them from theobligation to pay the taxes. As soonas they have served their jail sen­tences they become liable again.

------ - --- I There are so many cases occur­ring in the districts where the armyand the police are operating that itis becoming almost impos>ible toprovide legal defence. In most casesthe accused are convicted so swiftlythat their relatives do not even getan opportunity to arrange for theirdefence. Tra nskei jails are jam­packed, and a number of convictedmen are now drafted to jails outsidethe Transk el,

SCHOOLS WITHOUTTEACHERS

At a recent meeting of the Re­gional Chiefs who constitute theExecutive of the Transkei Terr ito­rial Authority, one chief saidteachers and ministers of religionwere Communists and responsiblefor much of the dissatisfaction inthe Transkei. Consequently teachersand schoolboys are arrested in bignumbers, and it is not uncommonto find a whole school without itsmale staff and the senior schoolboys.The Ludeke Secondary School isone school which has suffered thisfate..

A numb er of schools are operat­ing with albout 50 per cent of thestaff. Some are known to be in jail,while the whereabouts of others isunknown.

Complaints are flooding in fromthe people of the Transkei aboutthe behaviour of the army and thepolice. People in areas such asEngcobo, Kentane, Lady Frere andEastern Pandoland districts allegethat army and police search par tiestake beadwork and pottery for sou­venirs, while they drink amasi andbeer and destroy pots and otherutensils.

N S ARRESTEDROUND-UPS

IN

Complaints Flood in of Army and Police TerrorFrom Govan Mbeki

PORT ELIZABETH.LAST WEEK WAS MARKED

BY THE MASS ARREST OFMEN IN WIDELY SEPARATEDPARTS OF THE TRAN SKEI.

Thousands of men and boyswere caught in the army andpolice dragnet in Ke ntane, WiI­lowval e, Cala, Engcobo andLady Frere, while similar arrests

All modern comforts are pro­vided for the crew, which in­cludes six women.

"What is striking about thecrew," noted the reporter withopen mouth, as if he weredealing with men from Mars,"is that so many of them arelight-complexioned and thatthey can speak German rea­sonably well. Their English isvery weak."

NON-WHITE REACTIONBut the reporter's suspicions

remained unallayed. Thro ugh­out the stay of the ship in har­bour, he wrote, there were al­ways a number of Ovambosaround it and they would re­gularly pose for pictures withthe Russians.

Perhaps the local Whitesweren't the only ones whowere suspicious. While the So­viet ships were there, a SouthAfrican frigate and a Britishcruiser also steamed into theport.

Just in case?"The "Suidwester" report

concluded: "According to re­sidents of the location, theywere expecting ,trouble andfather s and mothers took turnswatching over their childrenduring the night so that theycould flee quickly in case anytrouble aro~e. All are nowsleeping safely again."

One wonders whether theNats are too.

CREATE PANICWEST AFRICA

nothing could be done aboutit. Walvis Bay was an interna­tional harbour and the Sovietships had every right to use it.Nor oould they be prevro tedfrom fishing outside the three­mile limit.

"Die Suidwester" hopefullysuggested that the limit shouldbe extended to 60 miles, but inthe next breath admitted thatunless the authorities werecapable of defending theirwaters, it was a waste of timetaking such a step.

SURPRISEThen the Russians launched

a surprise attack-they visiteda local school!

While the headmaster wasbusy with a class, the childrensuddenly became restless andbefore the teacher knew whatwas happening, 8 Russianswere inside askin~ in a mixtureof English and German whe­ther they could be shownround.

The headmaster obliged, andthe Russians departed "verysatisfied with !their lightningvisit."

"Die Suidw~ter" counter­attacked by sending a reporterto the factory ship, He wasshown round with equal cour­tesy, and was very impressedwith the set-up. The ship hasfacilities for canning and deep­freezing fish which are superiorto those of the local factories.

SOVIET SHIPSSOUTH

WINDHOEK.

THn~~~~~nto;p~~i~~cfis~fn;boa ts and a factory ship inSou th West African waterscaused a deal of heart-burningamong the European popula­tion.

When the ships calmly putinto Walvis Bay harbour forwater and stores, the anxietyturned into positive alarm. Ared fleet spelt danger to theNats.

Not only were the Sovietships stealing "our" fish fromunder our very noses, moanedthe Na tionalist paper "DieSuidwester," they might alsobe selling the fish to AfricancotUltries which would not buythe same fish from us becauseof the boycott.

"Th e other dan~er is natur ­ally that the RUSSIans by theirpresen-ce on our coa~t and inWalvis Bay could easily spreadpropaga nda in South West.There is also the danger thatthey could send agitators andCommunist agents into thecountry, apart from the factthat they could launch exten­sive espionage operations."

In an editorial, the papercomplained that "the Redparasite has come here to feedin our bloodstream . . . tosuck on our arteries."

~ Unfo~~n~~l;~o~~?e Na ts,

said the banner at the Lumumbamemorial meeting in Johannesb urglast week. ABOVE, Mrs. LilianNgoyi ap peals for funds, and ONTHE RIGHT, the people give pen­nies and cents to defray the cost of

the meeting.

R OJ CLIMBS INTO HISL ST DITCH

WORLD STAGEBy SPECTATO'R

NEW AGE, THURSDAY, MARCH 2, 1961

NORTHERN Rhodesia, likeNyasaIand, is still a crown

colony and the British G ov-HOW far is Sir Roy Welen- The government itself admitted that ernment is primarily respon-

sky, the gun-rattling Prime the !.JOlice were unable to keep sible for it .

Minister of the Central Afri- order in th~ country and had t~ The White population numberscan Federation, prepared to ask the asslstan~ of the MalawI 76,000 out of a total of nearly 2go in defying the plans of the Congress "polIce" wheflever million. The UFP ostensibly boy- c

British Government to make trouble arose, accordinJ! to our cotted its constitutional confer-

concessions to African de- correspondent in the Federation . ~~~ ~~~~"P:::n:hie~rL~~d~:nft;

In m::~~~ f~e:~e ~e~~~~ rift Southe rn R hodesia : Inflexible ~~~:n~if:h~~-~~~~~~n~o~~~~~appears to have developed be- rnent,

~h~~esi~~ F~~lraIW;~i~~kYMi~~~ NE~Od:: ~ns::m~~ After much discussion Mr. Macleod,

¥b~ a~r1gi~eorr;gi: r~~vI~~i~n; conference. ~~~p~~~~:hf071~IS~~~ ~~~~~ti~:

f:~~~~e~~~r~e,~~e~~:\n~~~tsW~f sou~~~~n~~~~e~~e i~~~rat~~ff~:ri~ ~~~~~?~~~~ryis 1~:t ~~nl:g~~~W~lte ~hodC?Slans and IS trylDg to fories because it is to all intents ~":tres~l ~lle~:r~~t~od 4g. F~e~~ID~~ ~~~~ 5~gtre::~~~s f:~~ ~d prp~ses ~1~goilirningR.h~r: up~er roll which will be. niain!ythis that Britain 's aim is ,to give si:is:r~n Bri~ish ~~lo~~. -&~s white. ~e lower. roll which WIll I UL..i;i". ~3:ll-~ut backing to the Af ricans, Britain cannot impose a constitu- ~~othr:lD1I s~~lca~eW1~~ e~~~

Britain .tmderst~nds th e cha~ge tion on South~rn Rhodesia as "he for electing th~ rema1u~ 15that IS co mmg over Afnca can, legally, In fhe case o.f .th,e members, who will hold the ba-a nd is tr ying to a ccommodate o ther two terr~torJes. Britain s lance of power, are somewhat ob-

herself to it withou t sacrific- ~ewf~ctt°th~~gt~~afe~~~onfr~~ ~~~~t~~e~~lf.'~o~~~ga~~~

~~~the tlt~~c~o.~~ofr~~tu:eR~: ~~&ifs a:~ic~w:fo;:ll~il~u~h~~powers that Britain has under the whether this roll will give anF edera l Constitu tion to yeto legis- African majority have not yetlation that affects Afncan mte- been announced. This secrecy onrests: Brit ain would be prepared Macleod's part is probably deli-to glye. up these rights and gran t berate: he wants to see how far

~t.~~e o~~h in:::,ts o~h~~ ~~I~I~hr~~t~~r~it~~~r~~e~:~~~ :':~n:k~::~ep=~.t~~:r~f:r: PROTEST AT FORT ITH~ya~~~ns~~: C~:EL~~~:gre~t mining companies ~~ij~~~~f:=:.ences were concluded ~~~t tre:~o~~~~~~~ o~ht::scl~~~ HARE DISMISSAL rumours of a projected strike being

~hich are almost as .poweri~ It is for this reason that Welensky from Conservati ve 'qack-benchcers PORT ELIZABETH. h~~nn~ :~n~1~:n~:mJ::r~~~:~ni~:rt~~e~:~~~a~ ~hOd~:~ted co~~tit~ti~Sou~i: f~ai~hefr~~t1~vi~:I~~~rt :~ s: U~~ ~~e~~t~~es:'u~:~fs 1~~t i~~~ ta'Th:I~~~~~~e~:e~i~:Jc~~ be

The British Government is domi- grants concessions to the Africans Afr icans, a statement condemning the dismiss- the basis for Dr. Verwoerd's warn-nated by wealthy busl1:essmen while keeping po,,:er firmly in the His proposals are, however, suffi- al of Thami Mhlambiso from For t ings about "unp leasan tnesses"

:~~v:t~1J dcl~:n:o Jf~rt~rn~ i~~ ~~~dsiso~o~eg:':~t~ ~e r::iJei~ ~~~~~ or;:~e:t~o~ f~~:lht~n:W~~~ ~~redi~~~s~~te~;n~~~~~;n~~~~ ~~~~~I:~ ~~f~~d~Ii:;~r~ec~~:perialist interests, It wants a go~- Southern Rhodesia among the two students were also refused re- ence in London at which the que s-ernm~nt in No rthern Rh odesia present electorate (mainly white) There has been talk. of th~ Federal admission this year. tion of the admission of the Souththat IS pro-West ill the cold war to see if they accept the new con- Government defymg Bntain and The sta tement regards the expul- African republic is to be discussed.and sympathetic to foreign invest- stitut ion, The United Federal declaring the Federation Indepen- sions as indicative of a Nationalis t Rurnour has it that the peoplements. It would prefer descend- Party, which on the Federal level dent. In this ~s~ there would be plot to cr ush all opponents of the are being asked to prepare for aants of the Old Coun~ry to be at is headed by Welensky and, on no new constitution and DO Afn - inhuman apartheid policy and to lengthy strike which this time wouldthe helm, but if the times dictate the territorial level, is headed by can advancement. produce in the schools and univer- not be confined to the townshipsotherwise, it would be prepared Sir Edgar Whitehead, Prime It is highly unlikely however, that sities a spineless type of student but would be carried into the Euro-to hand over power to an African Minister of Southern Rhodesia, is this "Boston Tea Party" will take who must crawl before the N a- pean areas of the Western Cape soGovernment, provided, of course, camP!1igr:ing in favour.of the new place. . tionalist apostles of apartheid who that police reprisals would not be

~ ~a ~~~ ~~~==~~~6~~~ill l ~ma~~~~~~5d5eeas~e~d5me~ew~rn~~5'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.I=~~~~~~ThIS IS what the w~lter of the in favour of apartheid on South BE VIOLENT AND THE III REBUTIAL

~yn~~nr:e~;g~t~r:; ~~~e2~i ~;~c~~n~Wt~ii~~,fifusWya=~~i~ ~Wi: o:HOfJil~SH.J~ wJ~~::~r~~~~~c~na~U~~t~~PJ~:~=t::~~d ~eco~~~~~~d ~~ ~teOPM:i~n~o :~J, ~~~:l~~s: ~g~p~ NAtl~~Jb~T~~~ ~eaJ~d: I~~t ~~~~eyOfs~~~ill~~men ~n the Afrl~ SIde who. ar~ cause if the new constitution were LENSKY IN A STEP WHICH Please!"

most reasonable to work WIth. :'~~~~~0~~~~~n:~~~~~a:~u~1 '~8M-JF1ES~t~Ets~~ taJ~edo~~i~o~;a~el~~~~th~h~~~?s0~fNyasaland: Expendable the Dominion Party ever gaining TArN AND THE FEDERA the planned demonstrations .

THE W~tes in Nyasaland, power. It,T~~~'100kS as if the present crisis no~~~ie~~ t~~ ~~~~~5 isw~6arfh:r~numbenng only 9,300 out of There would not, however, be suOi· will blow over for the time being. are in fact no important plans being

a total population of over cient Africans o~ the voters' ro!e But the future of the Federation made in time to vroduce such a

2,8~~,OOO, are in a very weak ~a~;;ea~~dN:~IO~~ ~~=~~ ~~~ge:u:~~:s~~ce~%.~i ~h~o~f~~i~~o~~:t i~alss in '~C;~~fti~~position. bec0l!1e~he government. The new fight for their high wages and to know what is and what is not

W~en the Federation was fo~ed ~~:r~~~~;,~u~FPth~our~ ~~iJ~r~i~n =~~~'th::~an~ili: bej~n~I~~~~~~r reason is that ~uchIn 1953 the s outh:rn RhodesIan~ main in power for a long time to support of the numerically a demonstration would be so futile.~~~ T~~t:tn:~d I~~~t~~r~k~~- come. , stronger whites in the. south. . ~r~~r ~~'.!' produce Shall'evilles todesia because of its copper wealth At the London conference Nkom o The Southern .Rhodeslan whites Nevertheless, informatio n con-

~ff~r ~~~sa~:dal~~~s ~o~~;nti~~ ~~~~~~ ~~ra~r;h~~ ~~~ c:'a~i~~ :~~~ a ~h~~~arnoilieb::illieo/hth~ tinues to circulate aoout secret

source of troubl e. Britain, how- a growing barrage of criticism Copper . Belt; but ~ey arl? chary meetings, the collection of funds,ever, was unwilling to bear the from the ranks of his own party, of ;havlD~ .close lInks WIth the the stor ing of food and the comingscontinued expense of administer- and he may now be forced to terntory If It has a B.lack Govern- and going;R~S~~~~~

~~~/he ~~~~~~~' ~~~~~sis;i~l~~~ f~tr~~~t~~:~ c~~~d~i~ i~:r:~~~ ~~~~ueThbeeci~:;r~~~n f~~~e y~: In the Cape Town magistrate'sNorthern Rhodesia she must take the constitution they will only Souther~ RhodesIa JS bleak if the ~idi~i~i~\;;~~readn ~r~caclia~~~e~~

Ny~saland as well. ~~~::, i~ ~:il/~~gmcor::s~~ ~e:'e:~~~ ~~~su~;"w~~uo::u~~ haak~~~/~~J~ the activities of the

K~~W1~: r~~to?~e ~~~r~~~:.n~~ f::~~r i~ft7: a~eJeili~dis~o1°:f ;ii ~h:~i~ :~U:! fu:dhe~ftthi~~ He is alleged to have approachedWhites in Nyasaland can expect certain. 1ated in a sea of African Na- ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~' 2~n::~so2~, ~~~~:little support from that quarter . tionalism. in an attemot to recruit him intoThe. B,ritish Government was also Tb,: UfP has. only a s1en~e~ mai.o- There has been talk of her linking the PAC and to get him to take

~~:rI1~n~o~~tr~orfuatap~~;:~~ ;l:;~~e~~:m:~: a;~~min:;:; uII.PkeWlyithfithrstleyUnbieeaonubs~t ththie'swiShul'tnes- part in a projected strike on MarchI ' . h't Itt will • ct 't If ' , ... 21-the anniversary of the Sharpe-

~~as~~~~~:~~ f~~ ~~~ ~~~~~la~J ~~ ch:P;:a3t~e ~~eha:e' to ~~ti~~~flt En~~~e~~~~like~~ ViI~i~i~tdi\a~~~e~~~,O~~~~t to FayeconstItutIOnal conference I~ L?fi- be a general election w.hl.ch would secondly because Verwoerd would in cross-examination by his attor-

~~~. ~:~~e~e~~~an ~~:vidi~:hi~;I~~ f:::'b~~~:~kthili~=S:ur:~ '~~ru~tllpi~fe~~avu; I:~~~~r~~~ ney Mr. B. Zackon, is that GidigidiAfncan maJorIty. 10 t.he leglsla- Rhodesia ,,:ould probably leave added to the electorate. ~h::s tim~eTIb~a~f ~::n~N~n~ph~~

~ri~is: d~~~~m~~tenf~vea;~ee~: ::nr~:::o~k~ t::..sf:;vn:; MOST IMPO RTANT OF ALL IS never belonged to the PAC. Gidigidito this was the high degree of or- towards the Africans. THE OPPOSITION OF THE ~i~~, tt~~h~~~~s :e~~a~~;::~g~x.his

~~;~~~oco~~~~ ~~~~r:,sr. i~~t~ Th~~t~~~~ ~~~e~~e~~c~fsa~f:;'~~ ~~~STH~ urT~~ The case was remanded to Marchings Banda. to the whites. POWER MUST UE. 13.

NEW AGE, THURSDAY, MARCH 2,1961

UP M.Y ALl.EY

South African Women. To showthe accused's knowledge of thestr uggle in South Africa, the Cr ownreferred to her statement " that so­cia l work in itself is nothing moretha n a palliative for the ills thatbeset so many llCople. It was thentha t I began to turn my attent ion tothe causes of these ills, and that Ibecame convinced that I could nolonger be satisfied merely withsocial work, but tha t I mu st playan active part in the politic al lifeof South Africa,"

Mr . Terbl anche said that Mrs.Joseph attacked the pass laws,Bantu Educati on and said that thestruggle here was par t of the stru g­gle the world over. She supportedthe Free dom Charter.

Mr s. Joseph agreed with thespeech made by K athrada that"volunteers were to be an army oflibera tion and shock brigade." Shea ttended certain meetings andagree d with wha t was said at thesemeetings. .

Mr. Justice Kenn edy: How didshe agre e, by her silence?

Mr. Terblanche: Yes, Mv Lord,by her silence.

Discussing Mrs. Joseph's know­ledge of the organisations and whatwas said at these meetings Mr. Jus­tice Kennedy want ed to knowwhe ther it was because of Mr s.Jose ph's connection with these or ­ganisat ions that the Crown submit­ted that she knew ?

Mr. Terblaneher Yes.Mr. Justice Ke nnedy: Is that not

taking it too far?Mr . Terblancher She never said

she disagreed with what was said atthese meetings and she attendedthem.

The Cr own submitted tha t theevidence of the accused show ed thatshe was aware of and fully sup­porte d the attitude of the Con­gresses, of which she was a mem­ber. She accepted the view of theSout h African Peac e Counc il onthe liberato ry movement in SouthAfrica as well as the liberatorystrug gles in Africa and elsewherein the world. She supported thepolicy of the organisation of whichshe was a mem ber in regard to thepresent state and the need to bringabou t a cha nge.

The Crown f urther subm itted thatMrs . Joseph accepted the view thatthe liberatory struggle had to bewaged by mass action involving un­constitutional and illegal action. Shesupported the campaigns againstpasses, Bantu Edu cation and thecampaig n for the Congress of thePeople.

On the question of consp iracy,the Crown submitted that overt actsof conspiracy had been pro vedagai nst the accused. Mrs . Josephhad a hos tile inten t, the Cr ownargued.

Helen Joseph NotCommunist

Shock Brigade

Mr. J. de VOSQ.C. came back toarg ue on Mrs. Joseph's kno wledgeof the Co mmunist doctrine of vio­lence. He said: "The Crown doesnot allege that Mrs . Joseph was aCommunist in the sense that sheundersto od the Communist doctrineof violent revolution in part icular.On the que stion of the policy of theorga nisa tions dealt with by h er inevidence, the South African PeaceCouncil, South African Congr ess ofDemo crats and the Federation ofSouth African Women, the follow­ing p oints should be noted : thatshe conceded that the South Afri­can Peace Coun cil regarded Russiaas a count ry genuinely workin g forpeace; she also conceded that shedid not rega rd the Western powers,America and Britain as countriesstr iving for peace; she concededtha t she knew of no count ry outsidethe Communist bloc officiallydescribed as People's Democraciesand that Com munist countri es diddescribe themselves as People'sDemocratic Governments."

Conspiracy

in Hungary for three years. He alsohad a Communist li brary containingCommunist classics. He was a mem­ber of the former CommunistParty. His speeches indicated hisknowledge of Co m munism.

The Crown als o subm itted that ithad proved beyond reasonabledoubt that the accused was in theconsp iracy . Kat hra da expressed theview that in the liberatory strugglethey had to learn a lesson fr om thelibera tory moveme nts in othercountries and in all the se move­ments their enem ies resorted tomethods ranging from fights to bru­tality in an atte mpt to crush theliberatory move ments.

Kathrada condemn ed the SouthAfrican G overn ment and was in thestrugg le for a "new South Africa,"He expressed the view that the pre­sent Gove rnmen t was giving its lastkick and that the life of the Gov­ernment was short; that white su­premacy was burie d in the battle­fields of Vietnam and Korea. Healso stated that they want ed to putan end to the system in SouthAfrica where on e section of thepopulation was h appy at the cost ofthe others . He expr essed the viewthat White dominat ion was comingto an end.

The Cr own furt her submittedthat Kat hr ada support ed the cam­paigns of the ANC, Remo val of theWestern Areas, Bantu Educationand Defiance C ampaign. He ex­pressed fa ith in the ma sses andmass struggle a nd ridicul ed solu­tions foun d roun d a conferencetable. His attit ude towards theUSSR was consistently favourableand protective against cap italist on­slaughts. Referring to the speechesof the accused M r. J. de Vos Q.C.said that they were extremely Com ­munist.

GETS YETJOURNME T

under " the economies of severalLatin American countries .. . Thepulled out rug then ushers in com­munism, according to Young .

*AN~sonO;i~~tr~u~u~~n a~~we need is for Juliet Jones to res­cue sister Eve from a bearded bol­shevik and fo r Ben Bolt to beatup some glass-j awed challengerfrom behind the iron curtain . . .Then our breakfast comics willconf orm 100 percent with theviews of the Un-American Act ivi­ties Committee.

in the spread of communism . . .A John Young, president of Wes­tern College for Women in Ohio,USA, has now said that the use ofinstant coffee by North Americans"is a contributing factor to the

=~~~.c~~H~o:e?L.~~stant coffee is African coffee,"said Mr. You ng, and its use in theUS has " pu lled the rug right fro m

Visited CommunistCountries

doubt that the accused was a par tyto the conspi racy. The Crown alsosubmitted tha t the accused had ahostile intent and his adherence tothe conspiracy should be inferre dfrom his activities.

The Crown submitted that theaccused was an executive memberof the Tra nsvaal Ind ian Youth Con­gress and a member of the Trans­vaal Indian Congress and took aleading part in its activities. Heworked full time at times, in theoffices of the TIC. On his kn ow­ledge of the vioJent doctrine ofCommuni sm the Crown said thathe was a prof essed Communist. OnNovember 23, 1954, he express edthe view that it was a great andhono urabl e thing 10 belong to theCommun ist Party, although Com­munism was banned in SouthAfrica. He held the view that themarch of the working and commo npeople of the world to a betterworld could not be stopped by bansand supp ressions. The Crown alsosubmitted that the accused wrote aletter to a fr iend congratulating thefriend for having joined the Com­muni st Party and ending the letterwith the saluta tion "Forward toworld Communism."

The Crown further made the sub­mission that Adam; expressedpraise for the Communist Party andsupported world Communist rev o­lutionary movements while he musthave known from the excellentlibrary in his possession wha t Com ­munism mean t, including the doc­trine of violence.

The argum ent of the Crownagainst accused A. M. Kathr adawas that the Court shoul d take into

~~~:~nf~~~~~~c: ~~~d~~~~munist countri es and that he stayed

I""~~"~~:"§fJ111111II1II11II1111TIl111I11II1II1II

~~'atT~~h~~~ ' t~wet~~mc:~~~Sprin gbok heroes got a wetting.But why all the tro uble to call outthe fire brigade ? All the copsneeded to do was to pul lout theirgats and start bla sting .. . Butthen it wasn't Sha rpeville or Langaand the crowd wasn't black • , •Ju st white South Africans come togive a boost to the ir all-whi te teamcapta ined by a Junior Breeder­bande r .. . So we can take it thatwate r can 't be wasted on blacksrowds .. . Yo u can give naughtywhites a ducking, but kerel , whenit comes to those kaffirs ••• justmow 'em down.

*A N~~ltk~~O~~~~:~hb~~~e~_dokk ies belonging to the poo r richpeopl e of Hermanus went up insmoke the other nigh t . . . Thisreceived the treatment of a na­tional catastrophe by tbe papersand Soapy Williams, the Congo,and rands and cents had to takesecond place • • • Undoub tedlythere must have been tears in theeyes of the inhabitants of Cook 'sBush, Pimville and Nyanga whenthey read the sad news of thesuffering of this exclusively whiteholi day town where the onlyblacks are the ki tchen help . . .And poor De Villiers Graaff'sgarage was burn t out too.

*A Yankee pro fessor said theother day that to give Afri­

cans access to liquor would result

Freedom Charter

that this accused d id not know theoath taken by the volunt eers. "Aman who was so active, it is unlike­ly that he would know so littl eabout so much."

Mr . Trengove submitted that inso far as meet ings a re concerned, allmeetin gs which he atte nded wouldbe held against hi m. H e said theCrown had proved on the evidencebefore the Cou rt that the accusedhad a hostile intent and was a part yto the conspiracy.

... CRANOTBE

Mr. J. J. Trengove Q.C. arguedthe personal position of accusedSimon Mkalipi, one of the accusedwho gave evidence for the defence.He said that in giving evidenceMkalipi wanted to give the impres­sion that he was stupid and igno­ran t. He said that this was not agenuine excuse on the part of theaccused. Mkalipi did this because ifhe had said he knew the policy ofCon gress he would not be able toanswer the questions. He was toomodest when he said in his evidencetha t he did not know what washappening in Cong ress.

Dealing with Mkalipi's activit iesin the ANC Mr. Trengove said thatin 1953, when meetings and proces­sions were banned in Port Elizabeth ,Mkalipi led a procession of 20,000people from Korsten to New Brigh­ton. As a volunte er, Mr. Trengovesaid, Mka lipi agreed that he had toobey instructions wheth er legal orillegal and regardless of the conse­quences.

Not Genuine

Scripture Does NotSupport Congress

IT is now only a matter ofdays before the Crowncloses

its argument in the marathontreason trial, yet even at thisstage, the Crown asked for anadjournm ent last week, to en­able it to streamline its argu­ment against the few remainingaccused whose personal positionhas stiU to be dealt with.

WHEN THE COURT GRANTEDTH E ADJOURNMENT AFfERT HE TEN O'CLOCK TEABREAK, MR. J. C. VAN NIB­KERK Q.C. (FOR THE CROWN)ASSURED THE DEFENCE THATT HE MANNER IN WHICH THECROWN WAS GOING TO DEALWIT H THE RE MAINING AC­CU SED WOULD SAVE TIME.

Th e process of dividing theaccused into two camps , those whohave knowledge of the violent doc­tr ine of Communism and those whohave no knowledge , as alleged bythe Crown, still goes on. Those whoare alleged to have knowledge are:R. Resha, D. Nokwe, W. Sisulu, T.Tshume, B. Ndimba, F. Adams, A.Kathrada, M. Moolla , N. Mande laand P. Mathole.

Those who have no knowledgea re: Dr. W. Conco , T. Tshunungwa,M. Ntsangani, S. Mkalipi, J. Nkarn­pen i, C: Mavekiso, S. LoIlan, Mrs.H. Joseph, G. Sibande, P. Molaoa,E. More tsele, S. Tyiki, P. Selepe, J.Molefi and P. Nene.

Still to be dealt with are: J . Nka­dimeng, Mrs . L. Ngoy i, L Masinaand L. Levy. After these the Crownwill proce ed to deal with co-conspi­ra tors.

Mr. Trengove said that when theaccused was questioned on the Con­gress policy in regard to "chango ofheart," he referred to the scriptures ,quot ing Daniel , Shedrack, Meshackand Abednego. Whatever the beliefof the accused, said Mr. Trengove,in Shadrach, Meshack and Abedne­go, his organisation believed in amass struggle, unconstitutional andillegal action; Shadr ach, Meshackand Abednego believed in praying .

Next accused to be dealt withwas B. Ndim ba. Mr . Trengove re­ferred to a speech in Ko rsten whichled to Nd imba's being convicted bythe mag istrate for incitement. In th isspeech Ndimba is reported to havesaid that if the volunteers are askedto kill they must kill. Mr. Trengovesaid tha t it should not be found

NEW AGE, THURSDAY, MARCH 2, 1961 7.

EU ROPEAN M ER CEN AR IES

Th e stateme nt sa id: "The move­men t to the Con go of Eu ropeanmercenaries hefore the eves andwith th e know ledge of the militarvand civilian UN - authorities. theconti nuo us use of Belgian olan es.crews and weanons for acts ofaggression in the Conco hav earo used the uni versal indignati onof the Con golese and all Africanand inte rnational qua rters ."

It was an open secr et that theUnited Nations renrese ntatives inthe Congo carried - out the direc­tives of others an d not the direc­tiv e-.. formulated in th e resolu tio nsof the Security Council. the state­ment wen t on to say . The UnitedNa tions was being used to unle ashwar and create a th reat to national(Congolese) and int erna tional se­cu rity .

~f:~t. threaten him with rapid TRAITORSRefe rring to the setti ng un of a

• Later reports show, however , so-called General Staff by Congo-that troops loyal to the Stan ley- lese trai to rs. th e statement saidville Government have ma rched tha t the "G ener al Staff" was invictorio usly into the Kasal , taking fac t a " Belgian-French-West Ge r-the pr ovince's capital without ma n staff" under the patronage offiring a shot, , Kasavubu, Kalon ji and Tsh ombe

Meanwhile support for the Lu- with the ohiect of attacki ng Kivu .murnbist Government continues to No rthern Katanca an d Orientale

~~rlin from various parts of the ~r~v~~u~PS~n~f '~aa ~~~i~~it~ f~Official recognition for the ~~ ~h~~~er~~d a violation of the

Stanleyville Government, asthe true representatives of the Membe rs of the government of

legally elected Parliament of ~~~~~~~~I i~e r~~~sai~~d h~~d ~al~~the country,has comenot only on behal f of the government withfrom all the socialistcountries, g~}Ve~nmen ts . com panies and orza­but also from nearly a dozen msations of . oth er cou ntries. the

neutralist lands, including the ~~~ttb~n ~h~a ll~"wr~eI!~~~~s~~~~ti~~African states represented at atte nd the UN session in Septern­the Casablanca conference, ber last year remained the only

Cuba, and Indonesia. ~~~W~ ;fe~~~sec~t~~e a~~h~huJ~~

- says Gizenga GovernmentCONGOFOR THE CONGOLESE

The question everybody is nowasking is: Where to now in theC ongo?

As usual, the reports on thesitua tion there are as confusinga nd contradictory as ever:

• Polish and Czech news agen­cy reports state that th e GizengaG overnment, with headquart erstem pora rily in Sta nleyville, arecom pletely in control of the situa­tio n there, the peo ple are busy atthei r work, and farmill1l and mar­ketin g continue as usua l,

• The London Times Congocorre spondent, on the other hand,says that Gizenga is not evenmaster in his own house, let alonethe whole Congo: his finances arein an even more disas trous statethan that of the rulers in Leopold'ville, his troops are d isloya l, andthe combined forces of T shombein the south and Mobutu in the

'i';d(Pi' The Wealth For Its Creators -

~ll lll ll l lll l ll l l l l l l ll ll l ll l l ll l lll ll l lll l ll l l lll l l l l l l l ll l lll l ll lll lll ll ll l lll l l lll il111 1 1 11 1 111 1 1 11 1 1 1 11 1 1 111 1 11 1 11 1 1 1 11111111111111111111 1111111 1 1 11 1 1 11 11 11 11 1 11 1 111 11 1 I II IIIII III III III I I I III I IIIII IIIIIII!!:

i "Imperialist istaken If They Think We iI Will Go On Our Knees" I~ "The imperialists are mis- as Prime Minister of the in Stanleyville, Gizenga de- ~§ taken if they think that by Congo, M. Antoine Gizenga, elared that the murder of §

~ having killed Lumumba they ~~~~~ri~sPo~ t~:n~~oi~~~ tum~mb.a had.brn pr~paref ~

~ willmake us go on our knees diate assistance to the Con- iu~, eF~~~~;:a ~~tafn ::ci ~~ and stifle the liberation golese people in their strug- the United States. Responsi- ~

I mov~ment in the Congo." gl~~~~~~p~~~;n~~~ radio t~itiedal~ati~~~~dh:i~~d~~~ I§ With these words the sue- from the Government's pre- which had enabled the colo- §- cessor to Patrice Lumumba sent temporary headquarters nialists to commit this crime. :::;

NKRUMAH LAYS WREATH AT GHANAMEMORIAL TO LUMUMBA

FAREWELL PATRICE ­AFRICA WILL NOT

FORGET YOU

T RIBUTES to the indomi-table spirit of Patrice

Lumumba, murdered PrimeMinister of the Congo Repub­lic, continue to be paidthroughout the world.

In Ghana President Nkrumah(sh own above pla cing a wreath ata mon um en t in memory of Lu­mumba) led the mourn ing of allthe peop le of his country. InNigeri a 10,000 students demon­str ated violentl y agai nst the mur­der , atta cking in fo rth right termsthe Belgian colonialists and theira llies in the West and UNO.

Ever ywhere th e indignation ofthe anti-colonialist forces ex­presse d itself in demonstra tionswhich, thou gh sneeringlv calle d"Red-insp ired" by the an ti­Comm unists, un ited wide sectionsof the world's peo ples in deeply'felt, spo ntaneous actions of pro­test.

Tanganyika Needs. .0 Shirazi Nati onal Pa rty (Zanzibar);the Kenya Afric an NationalUnion. U2an da has also receivedGelD Ism one, together with a 16 mm. so undproiec tor.]

At Moro goro an enthusiasticcrowd of m ore than 15,000 wasaddressed by top -ranking T ANUofficia ls, including the ChiefMinist er and Pr esident-Genera l ofT AN U, Jul ius N yerere.

'To wind up the da y's busines sa cock tai l pa rty and dance (popu­larly known her e as a 'Sun ­down er') was he ld.

"T he hall, though fairly large ,became too small to contain th elarge number of guests of allraces. Tbere were amongst themhigh- ra nking White , Indian andAfr ican Governmen t officials ,M! nisters of vario us re ligions ,chiefs and teachers, all mixed to­gether hsrmoniously swingingaway to the soft me llow tunes ofJazz and Cha-Cha-Cha played bythe loca l bands.

"Everybody seemed to be tho­rough ly enjo ying th emselves."

CO-OPS ANXIOUSABOUT SIA.

TA~~~r:.KA NEEDS SO-

This is on e of the most impor­tant deci sion s taken a t the recentexecuti ve conference of the Tan­gan yika African National Union(T AN U), th e part y which com­pletely domin ates the Ta nganyikaLegislatur e and which is leadingthat coun try to full independence,wri tes ou r D ar es Salaam corre­spondent.

At the conclusion of the two­week long conference the party'sorganising Secre tary-General andMinister of Education, the Hon,Oscar Kambona, announced at apress conference that fromthenceforth TANU was goingto pursue a policy of pan­African Socialism.

"Although T ANU would adopta socialist policy," he added, "itwould not be on Euro pean lines . I-~----'- I

;;'~o;e~:~eso::::tfa~~~i~~s:dO: I«F~~~~~~~~~~~:5~~~~~~=»1 • The Congo belongs to the Congolese and it is preciselynot fit our eco nomic developm ent. the Congolese that must own, first and foremost,all the resourcesThough we are ado pting socia lism, of the country~~a:.ust shape it to fit Tang an - • The Congolese government pursues a policy of positive

He also stat ed that as bo th neutrality and non-alignment in foreign affairs.T ANU and the T anganyika Fede- • It appeals to people the world over to condemn theration of Labour (TFL) want ed a aggression against the Congo and to render assistance to the~~~i¥~L~~~~r~\~t~~~ ~~~~ ~~ lawful governmentto help it restore peace, order, unity, legalityrepresentat ives on the TANU na - and the integrity of the country.tion al executive. Th ese are the main points of a

The precise man ner in which st ateme nt issued by the lawful

socialism is established in the ~ri~~I~in i~~;:r~~~~~ hL~~eudmg~co untry and th e time take n in un til his death at the hands ofdoing so, will undoubtedly be the Tshombe regime.

:;t~::~es~i~~ :~~tr~~e:~~ts~~~~~e~ The statement was adoptedAfrica. ~~:Ie~t;:etO~eeJ~~~ld3

ii~h~~::in:p;~So~ommOnWealth and presided over by Mr. An-

countries to expel South Africa toine Gizenga, vice-Premierfrom the Commonwealth; of the Congo.

• Called for support for theboycott of South African good s;

• Call ed for the release ofJomo Keny att a;

• Held a collection for fund sfor M. Ant oine Awazi , a delegatefrom the Lumumba Governmentin the Con go .

Amongst the new appointmentsma de was th e choice of Mr. Ka­sella Bantu, former student at WitsUniversi ty who was endorsed outof the Union in the 1950's becauseof his pol it ical activities there , forthe post of opening a TANU pub­licity office in Ghana.

A "Sundowner"

After the conference, writes ourspecial correspondent, a vast pro­cession of car s proceeded toMorogoro, some 125 miles fromDar es Salaam. Included in th econvo y were no less than 30T ANU Landrovers, part of theparty's fleet of 53.

[It is worth noting tba t TANUhas do na ted La ndrovers, one each,to the follOiWill1l: National D emo-

U~::~dpa~aJ~~:her;nd~::J::?;Party (Northern R hodesia ); M ala­wi Congress (Nyasaland); Afro-

TANO decides thai

The London Co-operative Societ y(the largest in Britain) has adopt eda motion caIling on the nati onalconference to set up an inves tiga­non into South African EuropeanFa rming Co-ops, and their treatmentof African labour, and into tra dingrelations between South African andBritish Co-ops.

The resolution was ado pte d by alarge majority.

K.O. WIN FORTSHABALALA

NEW AGE, THURS DAY, MARCH 2, 1961

CRICKET STILL SCORING

The doctor and the seconds bave a look at Ezekiel Moloi lying inagony on the floor of the ring. Moloi hit the deck after being strucka crushing right by Elias ('Baby Sadler') Tshabalala, who retained

hi> Transvaa l featherweight title.

Rociol TogsStill Remain

SACTU ConferenceCA PE TOWN.

The workers' conference orga­nised bv the Caoe Town Committeeof SACTU last 'Sunday was openedbv Mr. George Peake. of the S.A.Coloured People's Congress, andwas attended bv representatives ofCape Town workers. Among themwere members of the SweetWorkers' Union, municioal workersof the northern sub urbs, laundryworkers and food and canningworkers.

Discussions centred around wages.job reservation and the situation inthe Conco, A large contincent ofSnecial Branch detectives stood out­side the hall.

Racing at KenilworthThe followine are Damon's selec­

tions for Satur day:Maiden Plate: COMET STAR.

Danger. Generous.Juvenile Maiden PI~te : EAGLE'S

Gather. Danger, Nicodemus.Juvenile Handicap: RODERICK.

Danger, Cervantes.Wynberc Progress Stakes: TRO­

PIC ZONE. Danzer River Road.Cape of Good H0ge Derby Stakes:

1. FAMOUS FIVE.2. Inyala.3. Cavalier.

Kenilworth Progress Stakes: CO­DEINE. Danger, My Fair Lady.

Owners' Handica o: FLIGHT. Dan­ger. St. Andrew.

Kenilworth Handicao (2nd): DE­BONICK. Danger.l f-air Bet.

ITSI:~t~O:frit~;~cC~~~I:t ~~~~d t~~Control, which is made up of na­tional units of African s, Indians,Malays and Coloureds, decided todo away with racial tags. But thishas not heen carried out and itlooks as if it will still be a longtime before it is, judging from themeeting of the Board held in Jo­hannesburg last week.

Three years ago the Board de­cided that instead of being made upof racial national units. they shouldhave provincial federations cornpris­inc all races as units of the Board.As a result the biennial tournamentwhere national racial units tookpart was scrapped.

OBJECTI ONAt the meeting in Johannesburg

last week the African delegate. Mr.H. M. Butshingi, who is also presi­dent of the S.A. Bantu Board, ob­jected to the scrapping of racialtags in cricket.

His objection was tha t there wereareas like the T ranskei where Afri­cans were predominant and hecould not see how a non-racialassociation could be formed there.

Several delegates told Mr. But­shingi that this was no problem.Such a centre would be admitted tothe South African Cricket Board ofControl as long as it proved that itwas non-racial.

Mr. Butshingi then asked that hebe allowed to consult his Boardabout the matter. Another meetingwill be held during the Easter holi­days where the way will be pavedfor non-racial provincial federa­tions to take over from the presentracial units.

MAY MEETINGThe new non-racial provincial

units will meet in Cape Town in

~~rca~o dri~ket aB:r~r~~a~o~~~~r.But the question uppermost in the

minds of those who are fighting todo away with racialism in cricketis whether the African Board willco-operate. If not, they may proveto be a stumbling block in the wayof those who are fighting for non­racial sport.

Publisbed by Rul PrInlJng and Publishing Co. (Pl y.) Ltd., e !lamle ll: Street, CapeTown and printed by Pioneer PreM (pty .) Ltd., SbelIey Road, Sal&RlTer. This newspaperIs a member of tbe Audit Bureau of Circulations. New Age offices:

J ohannesburg: 102 Progress Buildings, 164 Commlasloner Stree~ . Pbone !!·4e26.Durban: 601! Ladson HOIl~e , 118 OrllY Street, Pbone 68897Pori Elizabeth: 20 Court Cbllmbel'll, 129 Adderley btreet, Pbone 46796.cape loYD: Boo 10, e Bamot 8*., POOD...a781, !e1elf&llhloAddr_: 1'~le , c.r.

PEKING PING-PONG

In Johannesb urg, the SASA Re­gional Committee organised a ,!tay

A.A.A. [Pty.] Ltd.Photographic Portrait Studio

(Gerhard Cohn)lst Floor, 116 Zygmarsb House

Kruis and M ar. haU StreetsJohannesburg

Telephone: 23-6829

SPORTING SOCIALITES

performances we can detectmasterful guiding hand.

Gordon Small's cleverly con­structed sets gave exactly the righttawdry, jazzy impression.

"D on Juan in Hell" by GeorgeBernard Shaw- the first half of thedouble bill- is a purely intellectualexercise presented simply and wit­tily by Leon Eagles as Ju an, PeterHey, Cecil Williams and ValeriePhilip.

Done with few distractions in theway of movement or scenery, onecan sit back and listen to one ofthe most brilliant discussions onlife, death, love, sex and marriageever written.

This show, which has played fora full week to very well-attendedhouses in Pietermartizburg, is atpresent being staged at the OrientHall, Centenary R(}ad, Durban. 1'heDurban season will continuethro ughout next week.

Our S.A. Table Tennis Board ishoping to send a team to Pekingfor the world table tennis cham­pionships. .We wish them everysuccess.

Three interesting points for thetable tennis score:

• The all-wh ite Union, whichwas excluded from the world body,has agreed to support the applica­tion of the Board for passports.

• THE WHITE UN ION ISFORMING CLUBS AMONGAFRICAN S IN N ATAL IN ASSO­CIATION WIT H THE BANTU

---------- I AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT.

BUS BOYCOTT OVER tra~e[~~~n~x~~s :;r~~dal\O t~a~s~al f

DECIMAL COINAGE Th~ ~i:s h~1he Board doneso far to expand and encourageall races? Some awkward ques­ti ODS are being asked, especiallyin tbe Transvaal.

JOHANNESBURG .The African people of Alberton

working in the industrial townshipof Alrode have been bovcotting themunicipal bus service for the lasttwo weeks since the fares wereswitched to the decimal coinage.Th is week Alberton Africans work-

1"!y~ttth~n~w:hr~el~~y ~~~k~~had already done so by the timeof going to press.

The residents of Alberton's To­koza township used to pay a four­penny fare but this has becomethree and a half cents. The boycottwas started as a pro test. The loca­tion superintendent, municipal offi­cials and the Mayor have tried toexplain the new fares but the peo­ple say whatever the fare conver­sion table says the fares are toohigh and should be reduced any­way.

From Mandhla Nkosi

"RESPECTABLE PROSTITUTE"MAKES STAGE HISTORY

-- - - - ----,Of 6

forUn

Bnrrnrnll p<:JohnnandR154 C~1. P.Street,

Mbeki.Cnpe1rack S