exotic couplings - ba.infn.it€¦ · belén gavela universidad autónoma de madrid and ift. bsm...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Exotic couplings - ba.infn.it€¦ · Belén Gavela Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and IFT. BSM because 1) Experimental evidence for new particle physics: *** Neutrino masses ***](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022071109/5fe3d22e8a261857b9019bd4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Exotic ν couplings
Belén GavelaUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid and IFT
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BSM because
1) Experimental evidence for new particle physics:
*** Neutrino masses *** Dark matter ** Matter-antimatter asymmetry
2) Uneasiness within SM
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We ~understand ordinary particles= excitations over the vacuum
We DO NOT understand the vacuum = state of lowest energy:
SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1) x classical gravity
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We ~understand ordinary particles= excitations over the vacuum
We DO NOT understand the vacuum = state of lowest energy:
•The gravity vacuum: cosmological cte. Λ , Λ ∼ 10−123 ΜPlanck
* The QCD vacuum : Strong CP problem, θQCD <10-10
* The electroweak vacuum: Higgs-mass, v.e.v.~O (100) GeV
SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1) x classical gravity
4
_
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We ~understand ordinary particles= excitations over the vacuum
We DO NOT understand the vacuum = state of lowest energy:
•The gravity vacuum: cosmological cte. Λ , Λ ∼ 10−123 ΜPlanck
* The QCD vacuum : Strong CP problem, θQCD <10-10
* The electroweak vacuum: Higgs-mass, v.e.v.~O (100) GeV
SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1) x classical gravity
The Higgs excitation has the quantum numbers of the EW vacuum
4
_
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BSM because
1) Experimental evidence for new particle physics:
*** Neutrino masses *** Dark matter ** Matter-antimatter asymmetry
2) Uneasiness with SM fine-tunings, i.e. electroweak:
*** Hierarchy problem *** Flavour puzzle
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0.8 0.5 ?(<10º) -0.4 0.5 -0.7
-0.4 0.5 +0.7
VPMNS =
~1 λ λ3
λ ~1 λ2
λ3 λ2 ~1
VCKM = λ~0.2
Leptons
Quarks
More wood for the Flavour Puzzle
Why so different?
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0.8 0.5 ?(<10º) -0.4 0.5 -0.7
-0.4 0.5 +0.7
VPMNS =
~1 λ λ3
λ ~1 λ2
λ3 λ2 ~1
VCKM = λ~0.2
Leptons
Quarks
More wood for the Flavour Puzzle
Maybe because of Majorana neutrinos?
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Dirac o Majorana ?
•The only thing we have really understood in particle physics is the gauge principle
•SU(3)xSU(2)xU(1) gauge allow Majorana masses….
Lepton number was an accidental symmetry of the SM:unless you impose it by hand, Majorana masses will be there
Anyway, it is for experiment to decide
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Can we foresee how to go beyond?
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Neutrino masses indicate new physics beyond the SM
Maybe new physics could appear also in neutrino couplings ?
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Neutrino masses indicate new physics beyond the SM
Maybe new physics could appear also in neutrino couplings ?
?
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NSI = non-standard neutrino interactions
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Λ > v
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Two topics
• “Seesaw NSI” and the flavour puzzle
• “Why not” NSI (ie εµτ for MINOS)
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How to go about it model-independent ?….
Effective field theory
Mimic travel from Fermi’s beta decay to SM
L = LU(1)em + O +…… M2
Fermi Fermi
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From the Fermi theory to SM
GF
From Majorana masses to Seesaw
λ/M (L L H H)
ΔΝ Σ
Seesaw models
β-decay ν-mass
U(1)em invariant
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From the Fermi theory to SM
(Lα γµ Lα) (QLβ γµQβ)
GF
From Majorana masses to Seesaw
λ/M (L L H H)
SU(2) xU(1)em gauge invariant
ΔΝ Σ
Seesaw models
β-decay ν-mass
U(1)em invariant
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L= LSU(3)xSU(2)xU(1) + Od=5 + Od=6 +…… M M2
If new physics scale M > v
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Dimension 5 operator:
It’s unique → very special role of ν masses:lowest-order effect of higher energy physics
→ λ/M (L L H H) λv/M (νν) 2
Od=5
ν masses beyond the SM
The Weinberg operator
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Dimension 5 operator:
It’s unique → very special role of ν masses:lowest-order effect of higher energy physics
→ λ/M (L L H H) λv/M (νν) 2
Od=5
ν masses beyond the SM
This mass term violates lepton number (B-L) → Majorana neutrinos
The Weinberg operator
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Dimension 5 operator:
It’s unique → very special role of ν masses:lowest-order effect of higher energy physics
→ λ/M (L L H H) λv/M (νν) 2
Od=5
ν masses beyond the SM
This mass term violates lepton number (B-L) → Majorana neutrinos
is common to all models of Majorana νs Od=5
The Weinberg operator
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From the Fermi theory to SM
(Lα γµ Lα) (QLβ γµQβ)
GF
From Majorana masses to Seesaw
λ/M (L L H H)
SU(2) xU(1)em gauge invariant
ΔΝ Σ
Seesaw models
β-decay ν-mass
U(1)em invariant SU(2) xU(1)em inv.
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From the Fermi theory to SM
(Lα γµ Lα) (QLβ γµQβ)
GF
From Majorana masses to Seesaw
λ/M (L L H H)
SU(2) xU(1)em gauge invariant
ΔΝ Σ
Seesaw models
β-decay ν-mass
U(1)em invariant
2 x 2 = 1 + 3
SU(2) xU(1)em inv.
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From the Fermi theory to SM
(Lα γµ Lα) (QLβ γµQβ)
GF
From Majorana masses to Seesaw
λ/M (L L H H)
SU(2) xU(1)em gauge invariant
ΔΝ Σ
Seesaw models
β-decay ν-mass
U(1)em invariant SU(2) xU(1)em inv.
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ΔΝ Σ
The Seesaw models
Y YY
YNT 1 YΝ
MN
__mν~ v2
YΔ µ
MΔ2
__mν~ v2
YΣT 1 YΣ
MΣ
__mν~ v2
Y Yµ
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ΔΝ Σ
The Seesaw models
Heavy fermion singlet NR Minkowski, Gell-Mann, Ramond, Slansky, Yanagida, Glashow, Mohapatra, Senjanovic
Heavy scalar triplet ΔMagg, Wetterich, Lazarides, Shafi, Mohapatra, Senjanovic, Schecter, Valle
Heavy fermion triplet ΣRMa, Roy, Senjanovic, Hambye et al., …
Y YY
Y Yµ
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Which are the new exotic couplings,
that is, d=6 operators, in Seesaws?
Those fields, NR , Δ, ΣR, would mediate other processes too….
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(Abada, Biggio, Bonnet, Hambye, M.B.G.)
(type I)
(type III)
(type II)
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Y Y M
+2Cd=6~
(type I)
(type III)
(type II)
(Abada, Biggio, Bonnet, Hambye, M.B.G.)
NSI
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In all fermionic seesaws
the neutrino mass matrix is larger than 3x3
3 x 3
The complete theory of ν masses is unitary.
All fermionic Seesaws exhibit non-unitary mixing
Non-unitary NSI
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N
νl
ν
i.e.
at low energies
NSI ε
All fermionic Seesaws exhibit non-unitary mixing
N =(1 + ε ) UPMNS
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Antusch, Biggio, Fdez-Martinez, Lopez-Pavon, MBG
All fermionic Seesaws exhibit non-unitary mixing
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Antusch, Biggio, Fdez-Martinez, Lopez-Pavon, MBG
All fermionic Seesaws exhibit non-unitary mixing
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….. because non-unitarity affects simultaneously:
matter propagation + production and detection (= rare decays…)
Antusch, Biggio, Fdez-Martinez, Lopez-Pavon, MBG
All fermionic Seesaws exhibit non-unitary mixing
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Observable effects?
Obviously requires scale near the TeV
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M~1 TeV is suggested by electroweak hierarchy problem
NH
H
H
Δ
Σ
L
L
(Vissani, Casas et al., Schmaltz)
(Abada, Biggio, Bonnet, Hambye, M.B.G.)
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Could d=6 be stronger than d=5 ?
* Two independent scales in d=5, d=6 may result from asymmetry principle: lepton number Cirigliano et al; Kersten,Smirnov; Abada et al
* d=5 requires to violate lepton number * d=6 does not violate any symmetry
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ΛLN >> ΛLF~TeV ?
There is a sensible physics motivation:
Origin of lepton/quark flavour violation linked/close to theEW scale
(Effective) Lepton number breaking scale higher andresponsible for the gap between ν and other fermion
Cirigliano, et al
flavour
fl ~
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Seesaw mechanism
vs
Minimal Flavour Violation
T. Hambye, D. Hernández, P. Hernández, MBG
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•Flavour data (i.e. B physics) consistent with all flavour physics coming from Yukawa
Minimal Flavour violation (MFV)
in BSM
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•Flavour data (i.e. B physics) consistent with all flavour physics coming from Yukawa
Minimal Flavour violation (MFV)
in BSM
L= LSM + cd=6 Od=6 +……
It is very predictive for quarks: Od=6 ~ Qα Qβ Qγ Qδ
_ _
i.e. Yαβ Yγδ
Cd=6 Od=6 ~ Qα Qβ Qγ Qδ
~Λflavour
+
2
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WHY MFV?
G. Isidori, Y. Nir, G. Perez, 1002.0900
FOR QUARKS
WITHOUT MFV: ~ 102 TeV WITH MFV: ~ TeV >>
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MFVregion
Smith
SM
Smith
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L=
LSM
+
What happens in the presence of neutrino masses?Cirigliano, Isidori, Grinstein, Wise
ΛLN Λflavour
Delicate:
* Majorana masses are model dependent : cd=5(Ye,?), cd=6(Ye,?)
* Requires to separate lepton number from flavour origin
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An unsuccessful model: simplest type I
N
mν
Hambye, Hernandez2, Gavela
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A successful model: Scalar-triplet Seesaw (type II)
Δ
MΔ2
µΔ
YΔ
L L
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A successful model: Scalar-triplet Seesaw (type II)
Δ
MΔ2
µΔ
YΔ
ΔYΔ
L LYΔ
Λfl = MΔ
ΛLN = MΔ2 / µΔ
L L
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mν∼
L L
* Neutrino masses OK* Measurable flavour OK* Predictivity OK
Correlations among weak processes, i.e. µ eγ /τ eγ /τ µγ
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Successful fermionic-mediated Seesaws:
One more mediator, one more scale…. i.e. Inverse seesaws
0 YNT v
YN v ΜΝ
Lm =Instead of
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Successful fermionic-mediated Seesaws:
One more mediator, one more scale…. i.e. Inverse seesaws
00
00
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Successful fermionic-mediated Seesaws:
One more mediator, one more scale…. i.e. Inverse seesaws
00
00
LeLµ
LτNR NR
´
i j
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Successful fermionic-mediated Seesaws:
One more mediator, one more scale…. i.e. Inverse seesaws
00
00
Lepton number conserved
U(1)LN
Λfl = Λ ΛLN = ∞
Y Y Λ
+2Cd=6~
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Successful fermionic-mediated Seesaw:
One more mediator, one more scale…. i.e. Inverse seesaws
Lepton number violated by any of those 3 entries
Wyler,Wolfenstein; Mohapatra,Valle, Branco,Grimus,Lavoura,Malinsky, Romao…
Λ may be ~ TeV and Ys ~1, and be ok with mν
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Small parameters (µ, µ’, Y’) upleasant?
•They are technically natural
• There exist UV completions with only high scales(Bonnet, Hernandez(D), Ota, Winter 09)
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Three light active families + one NR + one NR ́
µ´ is irrelevant (at tree-level)
Hambye, Hernandez2, B.G. 09
-- one massless neutrino -- just one low-energy Majorana phase arguably the simplest model of neutrino mass
Particular surprising case
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µ´ is irrelevant (at tree-level)
Hambye, Hernandez2, B.G. 09
*Yukawas are completely determined from UPMNS+mν, except for anormalization + a degeneracy in the Majorana phase
Hambye, Hernandez2, B.G. 09
Three light active families + one NR + one NR ́
Particular surprising case
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µ´ is irrelevant (at tree-level)
Hambye, Hernandez2, B.G. 09
*Yukawas are completely determined from UPMNS+mν, except for anormalization + a degeneracy in the Majorana phase (+ 1 phase if µ present)
Hambye, Hernandez2, B.G. 09
i.e.
Normal hierarchy
Three light active families + one NR + one NR ́
Particular surprising case
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α
α
θ13
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Degeneracy in the Majorana phase α
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Ongoing:
* Bounds on non-unitarity apply
µ --> e γ
* Impact on νµ --> ντ can be very important
(Alonso, Gavela, Hernandez,Li …ongoing)
* Leptogenesis possible (Blanchet, Hambye, Josse-Michaux 09)
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“Why not” NSIs
(Non-Seesaw NSIs)
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NSNIS PROPAGATING IN MATTER i.e., purely matter NSI?
NSI
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NSNIS PROPAGATING IN MATTER i.e., purely matter NSI?
(q γµ q)-NSI
q q
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BOUNDS
C. Biggio, M. Blennow, E. Fdez-Mtnez, 0907.0097
*Absolute maxima:
from ν scattering in NuTevand in CHARM II
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BOUNDS
C. Biggio, M. Blennow, E. Fdez-Mtnez, 0907.0097
*Absolute maxima:
•Also from atmospheric data, unless cancellations among epsilons:
|εµτ| < 5 10−2
Fornengo, Maltoni, Tomás-Bayo, Valle,hep-ph 0108043 Gonzalez-García, Maltoni, Phys. Ret. 460, 2008
from ν scattering in NuTevand in CHARM II
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NSI -------------------------->Dangerous four charged lepton couplings
SU(2) x U(1) gauge invariance
Potential Trouble:
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Systematical analysis
ONSI =
(Berezhiani, Rossi)
(Davidson, Kuypers)
τ
τ
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Systematical analysis
ONSI =
(Berezhiani, Rossi)
(Davidson, Kuypers)
τ
τBut it also produces τ --> µ νeνe !And µ --> e ντνe
-εµτ < 3 10−2
Fdez-Martinez
-
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Systematical analysis
But it illustrates the theoretical prize to pay for large But it illustrates the theoretical prize to pay for large NSI NSI (Antusch, Baunman, Fdez-Martinez; D. Hernandez, Ota, Winter + MBG )
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Finally, gauge invariance implies:
•From d=6 ops.: εµτ < 3 10−2
•Or you avoid altogether d=6 ops. combining d=8 ones with a very strong -unbelievable- fine-tuning ! (check
cancellantions in our table if you have the stomach for it)
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Would give even stronger bounds…
(Antusch, Baunman, Fdez-Martinez; D. Hernandez, Ota, Winter + MBG )
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Davidson+Kuypers
Constraints are then stronger and odds even worse:
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S
Davidson+Kuypers….. Antusch,Baumann, Fdez.-Martinezz
•This S is disconnected from the seesawmechanism… although connected toradiatively generated masses -Zee model-
εµτ < 2 10−3
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(Antusch, Baunman, Fdez-Martinez; D. Hernandez, Ota, Winter + MBG )
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ντ ντ
ντ νµ-ντ νµ
-
Could MINOS effect, if ever it becomes a signal (which is NOT), be matter NSI?
Mann et al. arXiv:1006.5720 εµτ
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ντ ντ
Could MINOS effect, if ever it becomes a signal (which is NOT), be matter NSI?
εµτ εµτ
εµτ
Mann et al. arXiv:1006.5720 εµτ
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ντ ντ
Could MINOS effect, if ever it becomes a signal (which is NOT), be matter NSI?
εµτ εµτ
Mann et al. arXiv:1006.5720 εµτ
εµτ =They claim
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Kopp, Machado,Parke
“Could it be εµτ matter NSI?” arXiv:0076594
* Similar analysis, but simulating MINOS event spectrum:
|εµτ| =
* Discovery at NOνA in less than one nominal year
(Signs can be changed, eightfold degeneracy)
They claim
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Kopp, Machado,Parke
“Could it be εµτ matter NSI?” arXiv:0076594
|εµτ| =
* Discovery at NOνA in less than one nominal year
(Signs can be changed, eightfold degeneracy)
They claim
Plausible? NO! : gauge invariance -> εµτ < 3 10-2 from d=6,
or d=8 ops. with ad hoc cancellat.
* Similar analysis, but simulating MINOS event spectrum:
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Kopp, Machado,Parke
“Could it be εµτ matter NSI?” arXiv:1076594
|εµτ| =
* Discovery at NOνA in less than one nominal year
* They acknowledge that gauge invariance disfavours d=6 ops., and d=8 ops. unlikely:
(Signs can be changed, eightfold degeneracy)
They claim
* Similar analysis, but simulating MINOS event spectrum:
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Kopp, Machado,Parke
“Could it be εµτ matter NSI?” arXiv:1076594
|εµτ| =
* Discovery at NOνA in less than one nominal year
* They acknowledge that gauge invariance disfavours d=6 ops., and d=8 ops. unlikely:
(Signs can be changed, eightfold degeneracy)
UNBELIEVABLE MODEL OF NEW PHYSICS
They claim
* Similar analysis, but simulating MINOS event spectrum:
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-
My conclusion:
a νµ/νµdifference in MINOS
based on matter νµ <--> ντ NSI (Λ > v)
is terribly unlikely
because of gauge invariance
and/or Atmospheric ---> εµτ< 3 10-2 unless brutal cancellations
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Kopp, Machado,Parke “Could it be charged NSI + CP-viol.?”One week ago:
εµτ ντµ
du
ντεdτµ Interference of
SM
with
εdτµ (εd
τµ)∗ for antineutrinos
They claim
They say OK with bound from
But….
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* Their bound obtained from one loop contrib. toKopp, Machado,Parke
But gauge invariance strikes again
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* Their bound obtained from one loop contrib. to
But gauge invariance strikes again
* But a d=6 gauge inv. formulat. of the coupling
Q Q Lµ Lτ- -τ τ (( ))
TREE LEVEL 10-4
and cannot explain “data” (Blennow, Fernandez-Martinez arXiv:1005.0756)
ρand
Kopp, Machado,Parke
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What about lighter states? … ie light steriles?
Steriles lighter than MW evade non-unitarity bounds and some of the pure matter NSI bounds
Ie. Ann Nelson and collab.; light steriles, gauged B-L
νsterileνsterile
More promising ? :
Engelhardt, Nelson and Walsh 2010
( Heeck, Rodejohan 2010 for gauging Lµ-Lτ and light Z’ ?)
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All this underlies the importance
of searching for νµ <--> ντ transitions
or NSI involving those flavours in general (i.e. at near detectors)
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And light steriles for the new MiniBoone data?
•Interesting: Same L/E than LSND, but different L and E --> different backgrounds
CP in vacuum?:CP does not depend on L/E if matter effects negligible, but differs for neutrinos and antineutrinos
seems difficult (arXiv:0906.1997 and arXiv:0705.0107)
* Combination of 3+1 and NSI ? Akhmedov+Schwetz 2010
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And light steriles for the new MiniBoone data?
•Interesting: Same L/E than LSND, but different L and E --> different backgrounds
CP in vacuum?:CP does not depend on L/E if matter effects negligible, but differs for neutrinos and antineutrinos
seems difficult (arXiv:0906.1997 and arXiv:0705.0107)
* Combination of 3+1 and NSI ? Akhmedov+Schwetz 2010
Anyway,
all those Fnal data are only 2 σ !!!
only combined they are intriguing
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And light steriles for the new MiniBoone data?
•Interesting: Same L/E than LSND, but different L and E --> different backgrounds
CP in vacuum?:CP does not depend on L/E if matter effects negligible, but differs for neutrinos and antineutrinos
seems difficult (arXiv:0906.1997 and arXiv:0705.0107)
* Combination of 3+1 and NSI ? Akhmedov+Schwetz 2010
Recall: Paul the octopus predictions
are a 2.6 σ effect!!!
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2.6 σ effect for the world cup ! (Marc Sher)
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It is an appearance experiment (Spain)
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Conclusions* Neutrino masses and mixings have added a precious piece to the flavour puzzle
Hopefully we will get to the physics behind it… ….. if new scale under # TeV
* Non.unitarity NSI characteristic of fermionic seesaws
*Seesaw may be compatible with MFV
Simplest seesaw model? Just 2 right-handed νs… is MFV
*Gauge inv. makes (unexisting) MINOS signal unlikely
Keep tracking non-unitarity and νµ−ντ , νµ−νsterile couplings
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Back-up slides
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Davidson+Kuypers
Constraints are then stronger and odds even worse:Mediator analysis of NSI
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SEVERELY CONSTRAINED: S. Antusch, J. P. Baumann, E. Fdez-Mtnez; 0807.1003F. Cuypers, S. Davidson; hep-ph/ 9609487
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S
Davidson+Kuypers….. Antusch,Baumann, Fdez.-Martinezz
•This S is disconnected from the seesawmechanism… although connected toradiatively generated masses -Zee model-
•d=6 NSI are very very constrained.
εµτ < 2 10−3
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(Antusch, Baunman, Fdez-Martinez; D. Hernandez, Ota, Winter + MBG )
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(Antusch, Baunman, Fdez-Martinez; D. Hernandez, Ota, Winter + MBG )
Require at least 2 new fields ( and unrelated to seesaw)
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(Antusch, Baunman, Fdez-Martinez; D. Hernandez, Ota, Winter + MBG )
TERRIBLY COMPLICATED
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D. Hernandez, Ota, Winter + MBG
Complete list of d=8 operators and their mediators
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ΔΝ Σ
The Seesaw models
Heavy fermion singlet NR Minkowski, Gell-Mann, Ramond, Slansky, Yanagida, Glashow, Mohapatra, Senjanovic
Heavy scalar triplet ΔMagg, Wetterich, Lazarides, Shafi, Mohapatra, Senjanovic, Schecter, Valle
Heavy fermion triplet ΣRMa, Roy, Senjanovic, Hambye et al., …
Y YY
Y Yµ
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For all scalar and fermionic Seesaw models, present bounds:
or stronger
ε =
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On our model with just
2 heavy neutrinos
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(Alonso, Gavela, Hernandez,Li …ongoing)
Y2 v2/M2
θ13
Y2 v2/M2 θ13 N~UPMNS + Y+Y v2/M2
Atmospheric ---> εµτ< 5 10-2 unless brutal cancellations
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i.e.
Normal hierarchy
* It is a fermionic seesaw: bounds on non-unitarity apply
At present, best bound on Y2 v2/M2 < 10-4 is from µ --> e γ
But in some regions the mu-tau sector can be stronger
µ-e conversion being computed now
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νµ --> ντ
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θ13α
Y2 v2/M2
(Alonso, Gavela, Hernandez,Li …ongoing)
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YES! These effects ARE non-standard neutrino interactions
W -
Matter
µ
ν
ee
e
τ u
d
ννUPMNS
Standard scenario
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YES! These effects ARE non-standard neutrino interactions
W -
Matter
µ
ν
ee
e
τ u
d
ννNN
NNNN
NN
NN
+
++
Non-Unitary Mixing Matrix
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Matter
µ
ν
e ee
τu
d
νν
Non-Unitary Mixing Matrix
YES! These effects ARE non-standard neutrino interactions…
…affecting simultneously production, propagation and detection.
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Matter
µ
ν
e ee
τu
d
νν
Non-Unitary Mixing Matrix
YES! These effects ARE non-standard neutrino interactions…
…affecting simultneously production, propagation and detection.
These NSI are a generic signature of fermionic Seesaws
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Matter
µ
ν
e ee
τu
d
νν
Non-Unitary Mixing Matrix
YES! These effects ARE non-standard neutrino interactions…
…affecting simultneously production, propagation and detection.
To be compared with popular non-standard interactions, with either:
Matter
µ
ν
ee
e
τ u
d
ν ν
Exotic production
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Matter
µ
ν
e ee
τu
d
νν
Non-Unitary Mixing Matrix
YES! These effects ARE non-standard neutrino interactions…
…affecting simultneously production, propagation and detection.
W -
Matter
µ
ν
e e
τ u
d
ν
e
ν
Exotic propagation
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Matter
µ
ν
e ee
τu
d
νν
Non-Unitary Mixing Matrix
YES! These effects ARE non-standard neutrino interactions…
…affecting simultneously production, propagation and detection.
To be compared with popular non-standard interactions, with either:
W -
Matter
µ
ν
ee
e
τ u
d
ν ν
Exotic detection
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Matter
µ
ν
e ee
τu
d
νν
Non-Unitary Mixing Matrix
YES! These effects ARE non-standard neutrino interactions…
…affecting simultneously production, propagation and detection.
These NSI are a generic signature of fermionic Seesaws
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New CP-violation signals even in the two-family approximation
i.e. P (νµ ---> ντ ) = P ( νµ ---> ντ ) _ _
Increased sensitivity to the moduli |N| in future Neutrino Factories
E. Fdez-Martinez, J.Lopez, O. Yasuda, M.B.G.
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If we parametrize with
22
4sin)2sin(2 !!
"
#$$%
& '()
E
LmiP *+,-,-
If L/E small
Can we measure the phases of N ? E. Fdez-Martinez, J.Lopez, O. Yasuda, M.B.G.
PMNSUN !+" )1( #+ε)(1 + ε) ε = −v2 cd=6
2εαβ
222
22 42
sin)2sin()Im(24
sin)2(sin !"!"!" #$#$ +%%&
'(()
* +,%%&
'(()
* +=
E
Lm
E
LmP
SM CP violating interference
Zero dist. effect
2Im(εαβ)- 4|εαβ|2
4
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Measuring non-unitary phases
Present bound from τ → µ γ
Sensitivity to|εµτ|
Sensitivity to
δµτ
|εµτ|
For non-trivial δµτ , one order of magnitude improvement for |N|
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!!"
#$$%
& '(=(
E
LmPP
2sin)2sin()Im(4
2
23
23)* µ++µµ+
The CP phase δµτcan be measured
At a Neutrino Factory of 50 GeV with L = 130 Km
In Pµτ there is no13
sin! 12!or suppression:
|εµτ|
δµτ
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•Also today! Antusch et al.--> impact of e-tau non-unitary contribution to the golden channel in standard nufact setup, detector at ~ 1000 km
Good prospect for νµ−ντ channel at near detector -O(100 km)
* Recently: Goswami+ Ota; Altarelli+Meloni, Tang+Winter at nufact
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Singlet and triplet Seesaws differ in the the pattern of the Z couplings
Fermion-triplet seesaws:
similar - although richer! - analysis
For M ≈ TeV → |Y| < 10-2
(Abada et al. 07))
WΣ+
Σ 0 gauge coupling
g
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For the Triplet-fermion Seesaws (type III):
(NN+-1)αβ=
(Abada et al 07)
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Scalar triplet seesaw Bounds on cd=6
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Scalar triplet seesaw
Combined bounds on cd=6
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Obervable non-standard interactions from
YΔ YΔ/M2 (L L ) (L L ) ____
in scalar triplet seesaw ???
Barely so ! (Malisnky Ohlsson and Zhang 08):
--- Require Yukawa couplings are almost diagonal--> degenerate neutrino spectrum
--- Not excluded are
µ− --> e-
νe νµ … Wrong sign muons at near detector
δγβα+
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No ν masses in the SMbecause the SM accidentally preserves B-L
• right-handed νR →
Would require YΝ~10-12 !!! Why νs are so light???
Why νR does not acquire large Majorana mass?
.. .. ~
chmchlHYRLDRL+!+ """"
i.e. Adding singlet neutrino fields NR
δL ∼ M (ΝRΝR) OK with gauge invariance
NR+ NR+
NR
Seesaw modelSeesaw model
YΝNR
Which allows YN~1 --> M~MGut
L-
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N elements from oscillations & decays
with unitarityOSCILLATIONS
without unitarityOSCILLATIONS
+DECAYS
3σ
.79 - .88 .47 - .61 < .20|U| = .19 - .52 .42 - .73 .58 - .82
.20 - .53 .44 - .74 .56 - .81
M. C. Gonzalez Garcia hep-ph/0410030
.75 - .89 .45 - .65 <.20
|N| = .19 - .55 .42 - .74 .57 - .82
.13 - .56 .36 - .75 .54 - .82
MUV
Antusch, Biggio, Fernández-Martínez, López-Pavón, M.B.G. 06