exotic and invasive insects and pathogens new and expanding threats
DESCRIPTION
Exotic and Invasive Insects and Pathogens new and expanding threats. Steven Katovich USDA Forest Service. Are Exotics a New Problem?. A 1994 list had 368 species of exotic tree insect pests already established in the U.S. Mattson and others, 1994, General Tech. Rep. NC-169 - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Exotic and Invasive Insects and Pathogens new and expanding threats](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062813/5681660f550346895dd9528a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Steven KatovichUSDA Forest Service
Exotic and Invasive Insects and Pathogens new and expanding threats
![Page 2: Exotic and Invasive Insects and Pathogens new and expanding threats](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062813/5681660f550346895dd9528a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Are Exotics a New Problem?• A 1994 list had 368 species of exotic tree insect pests already
established in the U.S. Mattson and others, 1994, General Tech. Rep. NC-169
• 20 exotic tree pathogens were listed as of 1993 Haack and Byler , 1993, J. of For.
1869
1880
Gypsy Moth Larch Sawfly
![Page 3: Exotic and Invasive Insects and Pathogens new and expanding threats](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062813/5681660f550346895dd9528a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
On the doorstep – insect and pathogen threats
• Emerald ash borer• Asian long-horned beetle• Sirex wood wasp• Beech bark disease• Thousand cankers disease on walnut• Sudden oak death (SOD)• Oak wilt• Gypsy moth• Hemlock woolly adelgid• Western U.S. bark beetles
![Page 5: Exotic and Invasive Insects and Pathogens new and expanding threats](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062813/5681660f550346895dd9528a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Asian long-horned beetle highly preferred host range
• Maples (red, sugar, silver, box elder, Norway)
• Birches• Elms• Ohio buckeye• Willows• Less preferred but still a good host -
poplars
![Page 6: Exotic and Invasive Insects and Pathogens new and expanding threats](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062813/5681660f550346895dd9528a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
New York City 1996
Chicago 1998
New Jersey 2002
Toronto 2003
Massachusetts 2008
![Page 7: Exotic and Invasive Insects and Pathogens new and expanding threats](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062813/5681660f550346895dd9528a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Sirex wood wasp • First adult collected in
a funnel trap in September 2004 near Oswego, New York
• Follow-up surveys have found an extensive infestation surrounding the eastern Great Lakes
![Page 8: Exotic and Invasive Insects and Pathogens new and expanding threats](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062813/5681660f550346895dd9528a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Exotic and Invasive Insects and Pathogens new and expanding threats](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062813/5681660f550346895dd9528a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
HOST SPECIES - ecological
• Pinus (pine) 99%• Picea (spruce) 0.8• Abies (fir) 0.05• Larix (larch) 0• Pseudotsuga (Douglas-fir) 0
(from Spradbery & Kirk 1978)
![Page 10: Exotic and Invasive Insects and Pathogens new and expanding threats](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062813/5681660f550346895dd9528a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Native RangeIntroduced
Sirex noctilio
19941990
2001 19801961
1952 1900
![Page 12: Exotic and Invasive Insects and Pathogens new and expanding threats](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062813/5681660f550346895dd9528a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Beech bark disease
![Page 13: Exotic and Invasive Insects and Pathogens new and expanding threats](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062813/5681660f550346895dd9528a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Thousand Cankers Disease of Black WalnutFungus – Geosmithia spp.
Insect – Pityopthorus juglandis
Walnut twig beetle
Native range of black walnut
Known range of walnut twig beetle
![Page 14: Exotic and Invasive Insects and Pathogens new and expanding threats](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062813/5681660f550346895dd9528a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Sudden oak death
![Page 15: Exotic and Invasive Insects and Pathogens new and expanding threats](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062813/5681660f550346895dd9528a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
– infected plants– potting medium– soil– debris
In 2004 and 2005, several million plants were shipped nationwide from SOD infested nurseries in California !!!
Nursery Stock- potential for long-distance spread
![Page 16: Exotic and Invasive Insects and Pathogens new and expanding threats](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062813/5681660f550346895dd9528a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Sudden Oak Death
• Caused by the pathogen Phytophthora ramorum
• First reported in California in 1995
• Found to be transported via infected rhododendrons
• Eastern oaks are susceptible
• May be cold limited
![Page 17: Exotic and Invasive Insects and Pathogens new and expanding threats](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062813/5681660f550346895dd9528a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Hemlock Woolly Adelgid
![Page 18: Exotic and Invasive Insects and Pathogens new and expanding threats](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062813/5681660f550346895dd9528a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Harbor Springs2006
![Page 19: Exotic and Invasive Insects and Pathogens new and expanding threats](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062813/5681660f550346895dd9528a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Hemlock woolly adelgid• Infested hemlock
nursery stock from West Virginia found in 2006
• Nursery stock had been planted in landscapes
• Natural hemlock stands are present
![Page 20: Exotic and Invasive Insects and Pathogens new and expanding threats](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062813/5681660f550346895dd9528a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Gypsy moth
![Page 21: Exotic and Invasive Insects and Pathogens new and expanding threats](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062813/5681660f550346895dd9528a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Gypsy mothRange 2009
![Page 22: Exotic and Invasive Insects and Pathogens new and expanding threats](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062813/5681660f550346895dd9528a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
OAK WILT – exotic or native pathogen?
![Page 23: Exotic and Invasive Insects and Pathogens new and expanding threats](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062813/5681660f550346895dd9528a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Range of Northern Red Oak
Expanding Range
Oak wilt reported in New York in 2008
Increasing presence across the Lower Peninsula of MI
![Page 24: Exotic and Invasive Insects and Pathogens new and expanding threats](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062813/5681660f550346895dd9528a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
What’s the big deal?
• Oak wilt is a very efficient tree killer – infected trees die quickly
• Once established in an area it is very difficult to control or eliminate
• It can be moved long-distances in firewood
![Page 25: Exotic and Invasive Insects and Pathogens new and expanding threats](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062813/5681660f550346895dd9528a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Don’t forget some major threats from our western forests
• In North America our western forests have been isolated from the east by the Great Plains
• We have a number of very significant forest pests in the west that could become major eastern U.S. pests
Pitch tubes from a Mountain pine beetle mass attack on a lodgepole pine