EXIT CHAPTER

1313CHAPTER

13.1 Streams and Rivers

13.2 Stream Erosion and Deposition

13.3 River Valleys

13.4 Flood Plains and Floods

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Surface Water

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A river system consists of a river and all of its

tributaries.

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VOCABULARY

The drainage basin of a river system is all the land

that is drained by the river and its tributaries. A

river’s velocity, gradient, discharge, and channel

shape affect how it erodes and transports

materials.

13.1 Streams and Rivers1313 Surface Water

Tributary

River

Divide

tributary

river system

drainage basin

watershed

divide

gradient

discharge

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Rivers wear down Earth’s surface and erode and

deposit materials. A river may carry materials in

solution, in suspension, and in its bed load.

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VOCABULARY13.2 Stream Erosion and Deposition

1313 Surface Water

Flow

Suspension:Silt and clay

Bed load: sand, gravel,pebbles and boulders

Materials carried in solution cannot be seen.

deposition

pothole

load

suspension

bed load

competence

capacity

delta

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Velocity and discharge affect how much material a

river can transport. When river velocity greatly

decreases, sediment drops out of the water to form

a delta or alluvial fan.

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VOCABULARY13.2 Stream Erosion and Deposition

1313 Surface Water

Over time, sediments build up, forming a delta.

deposition

pothole

load

suspension

bed load

competence

capacity

delta

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Youthful rivers form steep-sided canyons and

V-shaped valleys. The lowest level to which a

river can erode its bed is called its base level.

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VOCABULARY13.3 River Valleys

1313 Surface Water

Rapids can form as a

river runs down a deep

slope, while a river that

plunges over a cliff

forms a waterfall.

headward erosion

base level

stream piracy

floodplain

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A river that has cut down close to its base level

tends to erode the sides of its valley, forming a

meandering river in a wide flood plain.

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VOCABULARY13.4 Floodplains and Floods

1313 Surface Water

Back swampValley wall

Oxbow lake

Meander

Natural levees

Yazoo tributary

flood

floodplain

meanders

oxbow lake

natural levees

flash flood

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River floods are natural events that can have

constructive as well as destructive effects.

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VOCABULARY13.4 Floodplains and Floods

1313 Surface Water

People have developed different methods to control

and prevent river flooding.

flood

floodplain

meanders

oxbow lake

natural levees

flash flood

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CHAPTER

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1313 Surface Water

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