Exercises1.______ is to ______.

a. To see … to believe b. Seeing … believing

c. To see … believe d. See …believe

2. It made us very angry______ him talk like that.

a. hear b. to hear c. having heard d. listen to

3. It is very important ______ us ______ foreign languages

and computer science well.

a. of … to learn b. for …learning

c. of … learning d. for …to learn

4. It is kind / nice / clever / foolish / right / wrong /

careless ______ you ______ him to your new house.

a. for …inviting b. of … to invite

c. for … invite d. of … inviting

5. Thousands of young people have learned ______cars.

a.driving b.to drive c.drive d.to have driven

6. I hope you’ll advise me ______.

a.how to do b.what do c. how do d. what to do

7. They found ______impossible ______ everything ready

in time.

a.this … to get b.it … to get

c. it … not to get d. it …to not get

8.Do you consider ______ better _______ ?

a. it … not go b. that … not go

c. it … not to go d. it … to not go

9.Our main task now__ the students’ ability to use English.

a.is to develop b.developed

c.developing d.is development of

10.She usually has a lot of things-------- in the evenings.

a.to deal b.to deal with

c.developing d.dealing with

11.They are always the first _______ hardships,the last

_____ .

a. bear …enjoy b. bearing …bearing

c. to bear … to enjoy d. bears …enjoy

12.We are studying English hard ------our country better in the future.

a.serving b.and serve

c. (in order)to serve d.will serve

13. --------him talk in that way,and you would

think him a foreigner.

a. Hearing b.Hear

c. Heard d. Have heard

14. He got up early so as ------- late for school

a.to not be b.not being

c.not to being d.not to be

15. The room is comfortable ---------.

a. To be lived in b.to be lived

c.to live d.to live in

16. Allow me ______ a toast to your success.

a. To propose b.propose

c. Proposing d.will propose

17.Don’t forget ______ him ______ .

a. having … come b.to have … to come

c. to have … come d.to get … come

18. Someone said that they saw the boy ____ from the tree.

That is,the boy was seen ______ from the tree.

a.fall … fall b.fell … fell

c.fallen … fallen d.fall … to fall

19. The boss made his men ______ 14 hours a day.

That is,his men was made ------- 14 hours a day.

a.to work …work b.work … work

c.to work … to work d.work … to work

20.They think/consider/find the novels ______

interesting.

a.been b.be c.(to be) d.is

21. It is not right to look at your classmates ______ the

freshmen ______ English and do nothing at all.

a.to help … to study b.help … (to) study

c.to help … to study d.to helping … studying

22. I am glad ______ your mother. She is really nice.

a.to seeing b.having seen

c.have seen d.to have seen

23.I happened ______ the book once.

a.to read b.to come across

c.to have come across d.to be reading

24.You are not supposed ______ now. You haven’t quite

recovered yet.

a.are working b.being working

c.working d.to be working

25.It is an honor for me ______ to speak here.

a.to ask b.to invite

c.asking d.to be invited

26.There is no time -------.

a.lose b.losing c.to lose d.for loss

27.”Will you join me in a walk?” “I’d ______ .”

a.like b.like walk c.love walk d.love to

28.I regret ______ you that our company has been out of

business now.

I am afraid that you’ll have to go somewhere else.

a.telling b.tell c.to tell d.having told

29.Don’t forget ______ the letter for me on your way to s

school tomorrow.

a.posting b.post c.to post d.having posted

30.Please do remember ______ me when you arrive in

New York.

a.phoning b.to phone c.phone d.having phoned

非谓语动词：动名词 练习非谓语动词：动名词 练习1 、用括号内动词的适当形式填空：1. It’s difficult for foreigners to be used to ______1. It’s difficult for foreigners to be used to _________ (eat) with chopsticks.___ (eat) with chopsticks.2. They don’t allow ____________ (smoke) in this 2. They don’t allow ____________ (smoke) in this theatre.theatre.3. He warned her _______________ (not touch) the 3. He warned her _______________ (not touch) the wire.wire.4. I can’t imagine ________ (live) with somebody 4. I can’t imagine ________ (live) with somebody who never stops _________ (talk).who never stops _________ (talk).

eating

smoking

not to touch

living

talking

5. Is there anything worth ________(buy)?5. Is there anything worth ________(buy)?6. You are expected _________(know) the laws of y6. You are expected _________(know) the laws of your own country.our own country.7. I can’t understand her __________(behave) lik7. I can’t understand her __________(behave) like that.e that.8. I’m prepared ________ (wait) here all night if n8. I’m prepared ________ (wait) here all night if necessary.ecessary.9. My watch keeps _________ (stop).9. My watch keeps _________ (stop).10. I enjoy ___________(travel) with you.10. I enjoy ___________(travel) with you.

buying

to know

behaving

to wait

stopping

travelling

11. It is silly ______________(risk, get) your feet wet11. It is silly ______________(risk, get) your feet wet..12. I feel like _______(ski) through the forest.12. I feel like _______(ski) through the forest.13. He is devoted to ________ (set) up more school13. He is devoted to ________ (set) up more schools for poor children.s for poor children.14. The teacher has put off _________(hold) the exa14. The teacher has put off _________(hold) the exam till next week.m till next week.15. The TV announcer practised _________(read) t15. The TV announcer practised _________(read) two hours every day.wo hours every day.

to risk getting

skiing

setting

holding

reading

22 ．用动名词正确的形式填空：．用动名词正确的形式填空：1.I don’t mind _______________________ (the ch1.I don’t mind _______________________ (the children, play) in the garden, but I can’t have them ildren, play) in the garden, but I can’t have them walking over my flowers.walking over my flowers.2.I hate _____________ (look) at when I am doing l2.I hate _____________ (look) at when I am doing lessons.essons.3.The boy was afraid of ___________(leave) alone i3.The boy was afraid of ___________(leave) alone in the room at night.n the room at night.4. Something has been done to prevent workers fro4. Something has been done to prevent workers from ______________(injure) when they are working.m ______________(injure) when they are working.

the children’s playing

being looked

being left

being injured

5. I can’t understand _____________________(t5. I can’t understand _____________________(they, forbid) to go to the meeting. hey, forbid) to go to the meeting. 6. He couldn’t stand ______________ (make) fun 6. He couldn’t stand ______________ (make) fun of when his wife was present.of when his wife was present.7. This novel is not worthy of _____________ (mak7. This novel is not worthy of _____________ (make) into a film.e) into a film.8. The patient insisted on _______________ (oper8. The patient insisted on _______________ (operate) on even if there is little hope of success.ate) on even if there is little hope of success.

their being forbidden

being made

being made

being operated

9. I can’t remember ________________________9. I can’t remember ____________________________(anyone, ever, write) about the subject.____(anyone, ever, write) about the subject.10. He regretted _____________________(make) t10. He regretted _____________________(make) the decision too hastily.he decision too hastily.11. The robber 11. The robber was sentenced to deathwas sentenced to death for _______ for _______________ (rob) the bank.________ (rob) the bank.12. Mother was angry at ___________(he, tell) a lie.12. Mother was angry at ___________(he, tell) a lie.

anyone having ever written

making / having made

having robbed

his telling

3 、用括号内动词的适当形式填空：

1. (1) He prefers _______(do) everything in his ow1. (1) He prefers _______(do) everything in his own way. He never asks anyone for advice.n way. He never asks anyone for advice. (2) I’d prefer _______ (go) by train tonight as t(2) I’d prefer _______ (go) by train tonight as there is no flight because of the fog.here is no flight because of the fog.2. (1) Don’t leave. The baby wants __________ (2. (1) Don’t leave. The baby wants __________ (watch).watch). (2) The nurse wants __________(watch) the boy(2) The nurse wants __________(watch) the boy’s behaviors when there are no adults nearby.’s behaviors when there are no adults nearby.

doing

to go

watching

to watch

3. (1) If you can’t open the door by turning the ke3. (1) If you can’t open the door by turning the key this way, try ________ (turn) the key another wayy this way, try ________ (turn) the key another way.. (2) He tired ________(turn) the key only to find it (2) He tired ________(turn) the key only to find it got stuck in the lock.got stuck in the lock.4. (1) Mrs. Frost was worried. I regretted ______ (te4. (1) Mrs. Frost was worried. I regretted ______ (tell) her that her son was in the police station.ll) her that her son was in the police station. (2) I regret _______(tell) you that your son is in th(2) I regret _______(tell) you that your son is in the police station. I wonder what has happened to hie police station. I wonder what has happened to him.m.

turning

to turn

telling

to tell

5. (1) Can’t you remember ________(take) us to t5. (1) Can’t you remember ________(take) us to the circus last month?he circus last month? (2) You must remember ________(tell) them my (2) You must remember ________(tell) them my new address.new address.6. (1) He forgot _________(post) the letter his wife 6. (1) He forgot _________(post) the letter his wife asked him to. asked him to. (2) He didn’t feel in his pockets. He’d quite fo(2) He didn’t feel in his pockets. He’d quite forgotten ________ (put) the key there.rgotten ________ (put) the key there.

taking

to tell

to post

putting

7. (1) My suggestion couldn’t help _________(imp7. (1) My suggestion couldn’t help _________(improve) their service.rove) their service. (2) I couldn’t help _________(make) apologies (2) I couldn’t help _________(make) apologies when I realized I had caused him a lot of trouble.when I realized I had caused him a lot of trouble.8. (1) It was time for work. They stopped ________ 8. (1) It was time for work. They stopped ________ (play) cards(play) cards (2) Seeing a cafe by the roadside, he stopped ___(2) Seeing a cafe by the roadside, he stopped ________(have) a cup of coffee there._____(have) a cup of coffee there.

improve

making

playing

to have

9. (1) He relaxed for a while and went on _________9. (1) He relaxed for a while and went on _________(write) the report. (write) the report. (2) He said that the fire was a dangerous one and (2) He said that the fire was a dangerous one and then went on _______(tell) us how the firemen had then went on _______(tell) us how the firemen had saved people from the burning house.saved people from the burning house.10. (1) He walked quietly, afraid of ___________(fri10. (1) He walked quietly, afraid of ___________(frighten) the snake.ghten) the snake. (2) Thinking he would be fired, he was afraid ___(2) Thinking he would be fired, he was afraid _______ (see) his boss.____ (see) his boss.

writing

to tell

frightening

to see

11. (1) The temperature dropped below 0 C and the 11. (1) The temperature dropped below 0 C and the water began __________ (freeze).water began __________ (freeze). (2) The woman usually begins ________ (knit) af(2) The woman usually begins ________ (knit) after lunch.ter lunch.12. (1) Obeying means ______ (do) what one is told 12. (1) Obeying means ______ (do) what one is told to do.to do. (2) He meant ________ (train) the boy to be a go(2) He meant ________ (train) the boy to be a god swimmer.d swimmer.

to freeze

knitting

doing

to train

13. (1) She loved ________ (act) better than anyt13. (1) She loved ________ (act) better than anything else.hing else. (2) She’d love ________ (play) a part in the sh(2) She’d love ________ (play) a part in the short play.ort play.14. (1) Does your suit need ________ (iron)?14. (1) Does your suit need ________ (iron)? (2) He needs ____________(practise) typing at l(2) He needs ____________(practise) typing at least twoeast two hours a day. hours a day.

acting

to play

ironing

to practise

““ 动名词”专项能力训练题动名词”专项能力训练题一、单项选择一、单项选择1. He has always insisted on his ___________ Dr Tu1. He has always insisted on his ___________ Dr Turner instead of Mr Turner.rner instead of Mr Turner. A. been called B. called A. been called B. called C. having called D. being calledC. having called D. being called2. ----You were brave enough to raise objections at t2. ----You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.he meeting. ---- Well, now I regret ______ that.---- Well, now I regret ______ that. A. to do B. to be doing A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having doneC. to have done D. having done

DD

DD

3. He regrets _____ to watch the basketball 3. He regrets _____ to watch the basketball match.match. A. not being able B. can’t goA. not being able B. can’t go C. not to be able to D. can’t goingC. not to be able to D. can’t going4.The old man’s _____ pity on the snake led to 4.The old man’s _____ pity on the snake led to his own death.his own death. A. take B. taking A. take B. taking C. have D. being takenC. have D. being taken5. We regret ______ that the film was not worth 5. We regret ______ that the film was not worth _________._________. A. to say; to see B. to say; seeing A. to say; to see B. to say; seeing C. saying; to see D. saying; to seeing C. saying; to see D. saying; to seeing

AA

BB

BB

6. The student were busy _______ for the 6. The student were busy _______ for the coming exam.coming exam. A. to prepare B. prepared A. to prepare B. prepared C. preparing D. to preparingC. preparing D. to preparing7. I can’t imagine _______ that with them.7. I can’t imagine _______ that with them. A. do B. to do A. do B. to do C. being done D. doingC. being done D. doing8. The sick woman needs ______.8. The sick woman needs ______.A. looking after B. to be looking after A. looking after B. to be looking after C. to look after D. being looked after C. to look after D. being looked after

CC

DD

AA

9. ----- Let’s have a break.9. ----- Let’s have a break.

----- Not now. I didn’t want to stop _____ yet.----- Not now. I didn’t want to stop _____ yet.

A. study B. to study A. study B. to study

C. for studying D. studyingC. for studying D. studying

10. They enjoys ____ a wonderful evening at 10. They enjoys ____ a wonderful evening at

the Country Club.the Country Club.

A. being spent B. to have spent A. being spent B. to have spent

C. having spent D. having been spentC. having spent D. having been spent

DD

CC

11. My father hates ______. He never allows 11. My father hates ______. He never allows me ____.me ____. A. to smoke; to smoke A. to smoke; to smoke B. smoking; smokingB. smoking; smoking C. smoke; smoking C. smoke; smoking D. smoking; to smokeD. smoking; to smoke12. The bird was lucky that it just missed 12. The bird was lucky that it just missed ________.__. A. catching B. to be caught A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catchC. being caught D. to catch13. It is very hot. I feel like ______ something 13. It is very hot. I feel like ______ something cool.cool. A. to drink B. a drink A. to drink B. a drink C. a little D. drinkingC. a little D. drinking

DD

CC

DD

14. He has not got used ______ in the 14. He has not got used ______ in the countryside.countryside. A. live B. to live A. live B. to live C. to living D. livingC. to living D. living15. How dare you go in without _______.15. How dare you go in without _______. A. inviting B. invited A. inviting B. invited C. being invited C. inviteC. being invited C. invite16. Teaching is 16. Teaching is ______.______. A. learn B. learning A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learnedC. to learn D. learned17. ______ is teaching you English.17. ______ is teaching you English. A. My job B. I A. My job B. I C. My parents D. My worksC. My parents D. My works

CC

CC

BB

AA

18. I apologize for 18. I apologize for ________________ my promise. my promise.

A. not having kept B. being keptA. not having kept B. being kept

C. not to have kept D. having not keptC. not to have kept D. having not kept

19. It is no good ____. You should 19. It is no good ____. You should ______.______. A. to smoke; give up it A. to smoke; give up it

B. smoking; give up it B. smoking; give up it

C. smoking; give it up C. smoking; give it up

D. smoke; give it upD. smoke; give it up

20. ______the exam will disappoint your 20. ______the exam will disappoint your

parents.parents.

A. You failing B. Your failing A. You failing B. Your failing

C. You fail D. You to failC. You fail D. You to fail

AA

CC

BB

1. I don’t feel like to go to the cinema tonight.1. I don’t feel like to go to the cinema tonight.

二、改正下列句子中的错误二、改正下列句子中的错误

I don’t feel like going to the cinema tonight.I don’t feel like going to the cinema tonight.

2. She is used to live in the village.2. She is used to live in the village.

She is used to living in the village.She is used to living in the village.

3. We hoped he being here would make the 3. We hoped he being here would make the

work easier.work easier.

We hoped his being here would make the We hoped his being here would make the

work easier.work easier.

4. I regret having not worked harder while 4. I regret having not worked harder while

young.young.

I regret not having worked harder while I regret not having worked harder while young.young.

5. I’m thinking of go to visit my aunt.5. I’m thinking of go to visit my aunt.

I’m thinking of going to visit my aunt.I’m thinking of going to visit my aunt.

6. I began knowing about the danger of 6. I began knowing about the danger of

pollution.pollution.

I began to know about the danger of I began to know about the danger of pollution.pollution.

7. Remember posting the letter.7. Remember posting the letter.

Remember to post the letter.Remember to post the letter.

8. My father used working in the countryside 8. My father used working in the countryside

when he was in his teens.when he was in his teens. My father used to work in the countryside My father used to work in the countryside when he was in his teems.when he was in his teems.

9. His letter requires to answer immediately.9. His letter requires to answer immediately. His letter requires answering immediately.His letter requires answering immediately.

10. Before use, the machine must be oiled.10. Before use, the machine must be oiled.

Before being used, the machine must be Before being used, the machine must be oiled.oiled.

一 . 选择填空

1.Look at that_____dog.

A.running B.run C.to run D.being run

2.That’s not a new car. It’s a ______car.

A.using B.used C.use D.having used

3.Do you have a letter ______ in English?

A.writing B.written

C.to write D. having been written

4.Who is the girl ______ a letter there?

A.writing B. written

C. to write D.being written

5.The man______ a desk is my father.

A. making B.made

C.to make D. to have made

4.Who is the girl ______ a letter there?

A.writing B. written

C. to write D.being written

5.The man______ a desk is my father.

A. making B.made

C.to make D. to have made6.I want ______ America.

A.visit B. to visit C.visiting D.visited

7.Mary finished______the book.

A.read B.to read C.reading D. to have read

6.I want ______ America.

A.visit B. to visit C.visiting D.visited

7.Mary finished______the book.

A.read B.to read C.reading D. to have read

8.After reading the letter, he went on ____ a reply.

A.to write B. write C.writing D.written

9.You oughtn’t to go on ______this way.

A.to live B.live C.living D.lived

10.My wife is pound of ______a novelist.

A.me be B. my being C. me to be D.I being

11. I don’t feel like _____ to the concert.

A.going B.to go C.to have gone D.gone

12.On_____the room, she began to cry.

A.enter B.entered C. to enter D.entering

13.______here will get us out of trouble.

A. His coming B. Coming

C. He coming D. Him coming

14.Do you mind_____?

A.me smoking B. I smoking

C.to smoke D.my being smoked

二 . 选择填空

1.Our monitor suggested ______a discussion of this subject.

A.to have B.should have

C.have D.having

15.Nathan Hale refused ______for the enemy.

A.working B.worked

C.to work D.to be working

15.Nathan Hale refused ______for the enemy.

A.working B.worked

C.to work D.to be working

2.We think the film is _____

A.worth to see. B.worthy of seeing

C.worth seeing D.worthy to see

3.-Let’s have a break.

-Not now. I don’t want to stop _____yet.

A.study B.to study

C.for studying D.studying

4.What are you going to do this afternoon?

I’m thinking of _____to visit my aunt.

A.go B.going C.having gone D.my going

5.You should say sorry to your brother.

Yes, I regret ______with him.

A.quarrelling B.quarreled

C.quarrel D.to have quarreled

4.What are you going to do this afternoon?

I’m thinking of _____to visit my aunt.

A.go B.going C.having gone D.my going

5.You should say sorry to your brother.

Yes, I regret ______with him.

A.quarrelling B.quarreled

C.quarrel D.to have quarreled

6. Only one of these books is ______.

A.worth to read B.worth being read

C.worth of reading D.worth reading

7.I can’t imagine ____ that with them.

A.do B. to do C.being done D.doing

8.The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _____.

A.catching B. to be caught

C.being caught D.to catch

9. I believe that’s the best way to prevent such

a thing ____ again.

A.to happen B.from happening

C.happened D. Happen

10. She didn’t remember _____ him before.

A.having met B.have met

C.to meet D.to having met

9. I believe that’s the best way to prevent such

a thing ____ again.

A.to happen B.from happening

C.happened D. Happen

10. She didn’t remember _____ him before.

A.having met B.have met

C.to meet D.to having met

11. The sick woman needs ______.

A.looking after B. to be looking after

C.to look after D.being looked after

12 -What do you think of the books?

-Oh, excellent,It’s worth ______ a second time.

13. Go on ______the other exercise after you have finished this one.

A.to do B.doing C.with D.to be doing

14.She reached the top of the hill and stopped ____

on a big rock by the side of the path.

A.to have rested B.resting C.to rest D.rest

15.I can hardly imagine Peter _____across the

Atlantic Ocean in five days.

A.sail B.to sail

C.sailing D. To have sailed

14.She reached the top of the hill and stopped ____

on a big rock by the side of the path.

A.to have rested B.resting C.to rest D.rest

15.I can hardly imagine Peter _____across the

Atlantic Ocean in five days.

A.sail B.to sail

C.sailing D. To have sailed

16.-The light in the office is still on.

-Oh,,I forgot ______.

A.turning it off B.turn it off

C.to turn it off D.having turned it off

17.-I usually go there by train.

-Why not _____by boat for a change?

A.to try going B.trying to go

C.to try and go D.try going

18.Please remember _____ the radio before leaving.

A.turning off B.turn off

C.to turn off D. Turned off

19. They now regret _____ married so soon.

A get B getting C.to have got D.to got

18.Please remember _____ the radio before leaving.

A.turning off B.turn off

C.to turn off D. Turned off

19. They now regret _____ married so soon.

A get B getting C.to have got D.to got

20.I would appreciate ______back this afternoon.

A.you to call B.you call

C.you calling D.you’re calling

21.We offered him our congratulations_____his passing the college exams.

A.at B.of C.for D.on

22.-I must apologize for _____ ahead of time.

-That’s all right.

A.letting you not know B.not letting you know

C.letting you know not. D.letting not you know

23 -You were brave enough to raise objections

at the meeting.

-Well, now I regret _____that.

A.to do B.to be doing

C.to have done D. Having done

22.-I must apologize for _____ ahead of time.

-That’s all right.

A.letting you not know B.not letting you know

C.letting you know not. D.letting not you know

23 -You were brave enough to raise objections

at the meeting.

-Well, now I regret _____that.

A.to do B.to be doing

C.to have done D. Having done

一．用括号内动词的适当形式填空：1 ． It is easy ______(be) wise after the event.2. I’m sorry _____________ (disappoint) you but I can’t let you _____ (know) the result of the exam until the end of the week.3. __________ (complete) that book in three months was a great achievement.4. I saw him _____ (run) the mile in four minutes.

to be

to disappoint

know

To complete

run

Exercise

5. He made me _____ (tell) him the whole story.6. ________ (tell) you the truth, I don’t know what the answer is.7. He’s working late _________ (make) up for his absence yesterday.8. __________ (learn) about English is one thing; ________ (know) English is quite another.9. The boy was seen _________ (take) the money.10. Why didn’t you try ______________ (persuade ) him _________ (come) with us ?11. We don’t want anybody _________ (know) that we are here.

tellTo tell

to make

To learn

to knowto take

to persuadeto come

to know

12. I could do nothing but _________ (pretend) that I didn’t know.13. We cannot but ______ (do) as he tells us.14. Can I help __________ (carry) that heavy box?15. He rarely left the house except _______ (attend) a party.16. Why don’t you get your wife ____________(explain) it to you?17. He decided to telephone rather than ________ (write).18. Why not _______(wear) that hat to the ball?19. The man was let _______ (go).

pretend

do( to )carry

to attend

to explainto write

weargo

20. All you have to do is ________ (keep) all the results.21. I noticed Diana _______ (talk ) with David for a while.22. He is known ________ (get) angry easily.23. Hook was looking for someone ________ (help) him.24. I advised him ________ (ask) the bus conductor where _________ (get) off.25. I had meant ________ (tell) you're the truth but I was too frightened.

to keep

talk

to getto help

to askto getto tell

二．用不定式正确形式填空：

1. The questions ________________ (answer)

are on page 40.

2. The theory of relativity is hard ___________

_____ (understand).

3. As we seem ________ (miss) the train today,

we may as well go back to the hotel.

4. The palace is said _________________ (buil

d) already.

to be answered

to understandto miss

to have been built

to think5. There are always one or two problems ___________

(think) about .

6. He got to the station only _____________ (tell) that the train had left.7. He stood outside the room so as _____________ (not disturb) me.8. We thought it wrong for her _________________ (punish).

to be told

not to disturb

to be punished

9. The Olympic Games __________ (hold) in Atlanta in 1996 will be exciting.10. Be quiet. They appear ____________ (have ) an English lesson.11. I want my typewriter ___________ (fix) right now.12. These goods are believed ________________ (ship ) to the countryside the day after tomorrow.

to be held

to be having

to be fixed

to be shipped

13. Sorry ___________ (not give) you much help.14. The student asked ______________ (allow) to play football for a while.15. She happened ______________ (see) the play, so she knew the story.16. -----Thank you for your kindness. -----I’m very pleased ______ (be) of any help.17. The pupils pretended ____________ (write) when their teacher stepped in.

not to giveto be allowed

to have seen

to beto be writing