exercise science exercise physiology. exercise physiology – the physiological responses that occur...
TRANSCRIPT
Exercise PhysiologyExercise Physiology – the physiological
responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how these responses can be manipulated and trained to elicit desired results and benefits
Exercise PhysiologyExercise Principles
Consistency - (most important)
Progression
Overload
Specificity
Reversibility
Exercise Physiology
Physiology of the Cardiorespiratory System
Components of Cardiorespiratory System: Heart Lungs Vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries) Blood
Cardiac Cycle: Systole Diastole
Exercise PhysiologyPhysiology of the Cardiorespiratory System
Vocabulary Heart Rate (RHR, Ex HR) Stroke Volume Cardiac Output (SV x HR = CO) Ejection Fraction Ischemia
Angina Pectoris (heart) Myocardial Infarction (heart) Cerebral Vascular Accident (Brain) …Stroke…
Exercise PhysiologyGeneral Training Effects (CV)
VO2max – Intake, Delivery, UTILIZATION of O2 Lungs – External, Internal & Cellular respiration Heart – SV, HR, CO, EF
Metabolism Anaerobic Metabolism – the productions of energy
within the body in the absence of O2 Aerobic Metabolism – the production of energy
within the body in the presence of O2
Exercise PhysiologyFuel Sources
Glucose (4Kcals/g) most utilized Glycogen – stored form of glucose
Fat (9Kcals/g) most caloricaly dense
Protein (4Kcals/g)
Exercise Physiology
Outside MitochondriaLactic Acid (waste)
Anaerobic Metabolism
-O2 +O2
(-O2)
Anaerobic Enzymes
Energy(2 ATP)
Outside Mitochondria
Inside Mitochondria
Lactic Acid (waste)
Anaerobic Metabolism Aerobic Metabolism
Beta Oxidation(Fat Metabolism)
-O2 +O2
-O2+O2
Anaerobic Enzymes
ENERGY(36 ATP)
Energy(2 ATP)
(waste)
Exercise PhysiologyMechanical Adaptations to the Cardiorespiratory
System due to Aerobic Activity Increase Lung Function
Increase ability of external respiration Increase ability of internal respiration Increase ability of cellular respiration
Increase Cardiac Efficiency Decrease Heart Rate at any given workload Increase Stroke Volume Increase Ejection Fraction Increase Cardiac Output Increase Capillarization
Increase VO2 Max
Exercise PhysiologyPhysiological Adaptations to the Cardiorespiratory System
due to Aerobic Activity Increase ability of cellular respiration Increase quantity of Anaerobic & Aerobic enzymes Increase glycogen storage Increase accessibility to glucose Increase fat utilization Decrease the production rate of lactic acid Increase the tolerance to lactic acid (anaerobic threshold) Increase Mitochondria density (# & Size) Increase VO2 Max
Exercise PhysiologyMetabolic Equivalent – 3.5ml/kg/min
F. I. T. T. Principle Frequency
Intensity
Type
Time
Exercise PhysiologyCardiorespiratory Miscellaneous Items…
Benefits of Regular Aerobic Activity Effects of Environment
Altitude Heat Cold
Exercise PhysiologyNecessary Elements of Skeletal Muscle
Contraction Nervous Impulse Energy (ATP) O2 (if sustained)
Exercise Physiology Muscle Contraction – ALL or NOTHING Force Generation of Muscular Contraction
Muscle Size # of Contracting Fibers Motor Unit Recruitment Length Tension Relationship
Isometric Contraction Isotonic
Concentric Eccentric
Isokinetic
Exercise Physiology Muscle Fiber Type
Slow Twitch (Type 1, Red Fibers, Oxidative Fibers) Fast Twitch (Type II, White Fibers, Glycolitic Fibers) Fiber Distribution – Genetic? Or Trainable? Hypertrophy vs. Hyperplasia
Hypertrophy – increase in muscle fiber size Hyperplasia – increase in # of muscle fibers
Exercise PhysiologyMechanical Adaptations of Skeletal Muscle to
Resistive Training Increase Cross-sectional area Increase Tensile Strength of Muscle & Connective
Tissue Increase Motor Unit recruitment Decrease Nervous Inhibition Increase Neural Control Decrease Repair Time
Exercise PhysiologyPhysiological Adaptations of Skeletal Muscle
to Resistive Training Increased Actin & Myosin Increased # of Cross-Bridges Decrease Nervous Inhibition Increased Anaerobic Enzymes Increased Mitochondrial Density (# & size) Increased Anaerobic Threshold