EXERCISE

AND SPORT SCIENCES

Sporiš Goran, PhD.http://kif.hr/predmet/mkihttp://www.science4performance.com/

ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE

• A formal body of knowledge discovered, developed, and disseminated through scholarly research and inquiry

CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE

A body of knowledge A conceptual framework Scholarly procedures and

methods of inquiry Both the process of discovery

and the end result

What is the meaning of each of these?

Describe the research process.

THE RESEARCH PROCESS Identify the topics, themes, concepts, terms, or keywords (broadly,

then narrow as appropriate) — may use a search engine like Google to begin but do not use this exclusively http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=en&btnG=Google+Search

When using web sites, you must differentiate between scholarly, professional organizations, governmental, wikis, plogs, commercial, etc. http://scholar.google.com/ http://www.acsm.org//AM/Template.cfm?Section=Home_Page http://www.nih.gov/ http://www.caate.net/

Format of information — books; professional (peer reviewed) journal articles; popular articles; other

Databases http://www.lib.ku.edu/ Sport Discus http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/search?

vid=1&hid=13&sid=5867a1ea-5009-42d8-901f-3d63d462d726%40SRCSM1

NATURAL, PHYSICAL, AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

Numerous disciplines provide the content and methods of scientific inquiry used by researchers in the exercise and sport sciences

Anatomy Biochemistry Biology Chemistry History Philosophy Physics Physiology Psychology Sociology

Exercise and Sport Sciences

Exercise

PhysiologyAthletic

Training

Motor

Development

Motor Control

and Motor

Learning

Sport

Biomechanics

Sport and

Exercise

Psychology

Sport

Sociology

Sport

Management

Sport

Philosophy

Sport

History

Exercise and Sport Sciences

Exercise

Physiology

Sport and Exercise

Psychology

Sport Biomechanics

Motor Control and Motor Learning

Motor

Development

Sport Management

Sport History

Sport Philosophy

Athletic Training

Sport Sociology

EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY The study of the causes and

consequences of bodily functioning and changes occurring due to physical activity

Based on an understanding of the anatomic and physiological bases of human movement

Investigates the biochemical reactions that supply muscles with energy

Examines changes in the cardiovascular system and other physiological parameters

ATHLETIC TRAINING

The study and application of the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of sports injuries

Design and help implement conditioning programs

Assess injuries and needs for immediate first aid

Provide preventive taping and treatment modalities

Work with physicians to help athletes regain their abilities to perform

MOTOR LEARNING The study of the internal processes associated

with movement or repetitive actions that result in changes in response or performance

Important to the learning of motor skills are Relationship of movements to prior knowledge and skills Transfer of learning Involvement of cognitive processes Types of practice sessions Feedback

Building on the neuro-muscular pathways learned through motor control, motor learning adds knowledge of results, feedback, and optimal practice methods

MOTOR DEVELOPMENT The maturation and changes in motor

behavior throughout life and the factors that affect them

Performance of motor skills is influenced by genetic, environmental, and developmental factors

Throughout life, individuals progress from unskilled movements to the learning of complex motor patterns

Perceptual-motor skills are especially important to the learning of sport skills

SPORT BIOMECHANICS The study of the effects of anatomical and physiological

effects of natural laws and internal and external forces acting on the human body during movement

Factors that influence human movement include Force of muscular contractions Flexion, extension, pronation, and supination of muscles Composition of muscle fibers Equilibrium, center of gravity, and base of support Transfer of momentum Force absorption Leverage

Biomechanical analyses examine acceleration, energy, mass, power, torque, and velocity

SPORT HISTORY

The descriptive and analytical examination of significant people, events, organizations, and trends that shaped the past

Descriptive history explains Events Individuals’ contributions Pivotal happenings

Analytical history explains The significance of historical

occurrences Interpretations within the societal

context

SPORT MANAGEMENT

The study of the theoretical and applied aspects of leading, planning, organizing, staffing, funding, and conducting sporting events

Includes these management functions: planning, organizing, directing, and evaluating

Involves business components of marketing, accounting, economics, finance, and law

SPORT PHILOSOPHY

The study of the beliefs and values of humans as displayed within sport and an analysis of their meaning and significance

Examines the beautiful and ugly and the good and bad in sport

Seeks an understanding of how and why people play and engage in sport

SPORT AND EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY

The study of human behavior in sport, including an understanding of the mental processes that interact with motor skill performance

Includes a study of the theories of learning, importance of reinforcement, and linkages of perceptual and motor factors

Involves a understanding of achievement motivation, arousal, attribution, and personality development

SPORT SOCIOLOGY

The study of the sport as a social phenomenon and an examination of the social structures, processes, and groups within the sporting context

Seeking to understand why people play and how their involvement with sports influences them

Examines concepts such as social mobility, class and gender stratification, racial and ethnic discrimination, team dynamics, and social consciousness and values

EXERCISE AND SPORT SCIENCES QUIZ

1. Which of the exercise and sport sciences studies oxygen utilization during cardiorespiratory exercise and metabolic responses to exercise and training?

2. Which of the exercise and sport sciences describes and analyzes the past?

3. Which of the exercise and sport sciences studies how people learn skills, especially through practice and feedback?

4. Which of the exercise and sport sciences studies how sport impacts social units, processes, and institutions?

5. Which of the exercise and sport sciences analyzes the impact of motion, force, and energy on sport performance?

EXERCISE AND SPORT SCIENCES QUIZ

6. Which of the exercise and sport sciences analyzes the developmental patterns associated with movement and skill performance?

7. Which of the exercise and sport sciences uses extensive knowledge of the body to help athletes stay injury free and return to competition safely?

8. Which of the exercise and sport sciences seeks to understand why people act as they do based on their values?

9. Which of the exercise and sport sciences involves providing sports products and conducting sporting events?

10.Which of the exercise and sport sciences uses various mental coping strategies to aid sports performances?

TECHNOLOGY Incorporates the use of computer

software as a tool to achieve physical education, exercise science, and sport goals — Name several examples

Exercise and sport scientists use technology hardware and software to help in the analysis of human movement, to measure the effectiveness of exercise programs on bodily functions, and for data collection and analysis.

Databases with the help of search engines provide online access to professional journals and other information.

HUMANITIES Help focus on the aesthetic aspects

of movement, such as through art, literature, and music

Art includes various forms of dance and sculptures and frescos of athletes and human movement.

Literature can include sports biographies as well as analytical critiques about sport and physical activity.

Music can accompany human movement to enrich the experience.