excretion waste products of body functions are removed by the kidneys why do animals need an...
TRANSCRIPT
ExcretionWASTE PRODUCTS OF BODY FUNCTIONS ARE REMOVED BY THE KIDNEYS
Why do animals need an excretory system? What parts make up the excretory system? How does a kidney work? What can be done if the system does not function?
Learning Outcomes
know that the kidneys regulate the water content of the blood and remove waste products from the blood.
recognise and label a given diagram of the human excretory system to show: kidneys, renal artery, renal vein, ureters, urethra, bladder.
Excretion
Waste products made in our cells need to be removed or they would poison us. This is excretion.
In the liver excess amino acids are broken down to make urea.
The urea is taken from the liver to the kidneys, where it is excreted.
The Kidney
Kidneys help to maintain the internal environment by: - Filtering the blood Reabsorbing all the sugar Reabsorbing the dissolved ions needed
by the body Reabsorbing as much water as the
body needs Releasing urea, excess ions and excess
water as urine
Learning Outcomes
know that the waste, a solution containing urea and excess salts called urine, passes from the kidneys in the ureters to the bladder where it is stored before being passed out of the body.
Interpret data about the level of substances present in urine and during passage through the kidney.
observe gross structure of a section through a kidney
recognise and label a given diagram of a section through a kidney to include: cortex, medulla, pelvis, ureter and position of nephrons
Pupil activity
Biology Foundations pages 82 – 83Cleaning blood and balancing
water – your kidneysAnswer questions 1 – 4, 7
Copy and complete the “what you need to remember” sentences
Pupil Activity – Kidney Dissection Watch the demonstration on dissecting
a kidney.
In groups – dissect a kidney – try to identify all areas labelled in the diagram – medulla, cortex, pyramid, pelvis, ureter.
You must wear safety goggles and a lab coat, and wash hands with anti-septic handwash once finished.
Learning Outcomes
recognise and label a given simplified diagram of a nephron and its associated blood supply to show: capillary knot, Bowman's capsule, tubule, collecting duct, capillary network.
understand the process of filtration under pressure
know that selective reabsorption of glucose, some salts, and much of the water takes place in the tubule.
The Nephron
As the blood passes through the capillary knot it is filtered, small molecules, urea, glucose, salts and water, pass out the capillary into the nephron
The glucose, water and some of the salts are needed by the body and are reabsorbed back into the blood from the nephron.
The urea and waste salts left are dissolved in water to form urine. It flows down the ureter to the bladder.
The “cleaned” blood leaves the kidneys in the renal vein
Pupil activity
colour in the formation of urine sheet.
Answer questions 1 – 9• TRY ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS – information
needed should all be on the side of the sheet that you coloured in!!
• Do not write on the sheet – write out full sentences into your book!!
• You have 25 minutes to complete this activity
Learning Outcomes
know that the kidneys regulate the water content of the blood by producing dilute urine if there is too much water in the blood or concentrated urine if there is a shortage of water in the blood.
ADH
ADH is a hormone, which controls the amount of water reabsorbed from the nephron.
ADH is produced by the pituitary gland in the brain.
Control of water contentThe effect of ADH on the kidney
Normal blood water level
Increase in water level
Detected by the pituitary gland
Less ADH released into the blood stream
Less water reabsorbed by the nephron
More dilute urine produced
decrease in water level
Detected by the pituitary gland
more ADH released into the blood stream
More water reabsorbed by the nephron
Small amount of concentrated urine produced
Tinkle Testing
Practical LessonAim: to analyse urine samples and to draw conclusions from the results
Urine Samples
Forensic scientists and doctors can discover a lot about someone from their urine, including kidney disease, diabetes and drug abuse.
Progress Questions
Define the term homeostasis. What is urea? Where is it made? What is ultrafiltration? Where does it
occur? What is selective reabsorbtion? What are the differences in
composition between blood entering and leaving the kidney?
What is ADH? Where is it produced? What is it’s function?
Progress Questions - 2
What would be the effect on the volume and concentration of urine of drinking a lot of fluid on a cold day?
Explain why the regulation of water content of the blood is an example of negative feedback!
If a person has kidney failure, how can they be kept alive?
Pupil activity
ExtensionHandout – the kidneys and urinary
system• Answer questions 1 – 7
Homework colour in the formation of urine
sheet.Answer questions 1 - 9
Learning Outcomes
know that kidney failure may be treated by a transplant or by a dialysis machine and compare the advantages and disadvantages of the use of these methods
know that a diseased kidney may be replaced by a healthy one by transplant from a donor of a similar 'tissue type' to the recipient. The donor kidney may be rejected, attacked by the immune system, unless anti-rejection drugs are taken.
Learning Outcome
understand that in a dialysis machine a person's blood flows between selectively permeable membranes.
Kidney Dialysis
Dialysis removes substances from a solution by diffusion
This principle is put to use in a kidney dialysis machine
Kidney Dialysis machine
In a dialysis machine a person's blood flows between selectively permeable membranes.
It is important that useful substances in the blood, such as glucose and salts, are not lost.
To prevent this the dialysis fluid contains the same concentration of these substances as blood plasma.
This ensures that only urea and excess salts and water diffuse into the dialysis fluid.
This treatment has to be carried out at regular intervals
Transplants Vs Dialysis
Advantages Normal lifestyle
Dialysis machine available for others to use
Dialysis machines expensive to buy and maintain
Disadvantages Requires a suitable
donor (tissue match)
Operation is expensive
Risk of rejection of transplanted kidney (use of immunosupressor drugs)
Religious beliefs