exclusive vm electroproduction
DESCRIPTION
Exclusive VM electroproduction. Aharon Levy Tel Aviv University on behalf of the H1 and ZEUS collaborations. g. g. IP. ‘hard’. ‘soft’. Why are we measuring. Expect to increase from soft (~0.2, from ‘soft Pomeron’ value) to hard (~0.8, from xg(x,Q 2 ) 2 ) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 1
Exclusive VM electroproduction
Aharon LevyTel Aviv University
on behalf of the H1 and ZEUS collaborations
* 0
0 , , , / ,
p V p
V J
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 2
Why are we measuring
IP
‘soft’
WW )(
‘hard’
gg||tbe
dt
d
• Expect to increase from soft (~0.2, from ‘soft Pomeron’ value) to hard (~0.8, from xg(x,Q2)2)
• Expect b to decrease from soft (~10 GeV-2)
to hard (~4-5 GeV-2)
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 3
s0.096
2( )2
QF x
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 4
Why are we measuring
IP
‘soft’
WW )(
‘hard’
gg||tbe
dt
d
• Expect to increase from soft (~0.2, from ‘soft Pomeron’ value) to hard (~0.8, from xg(x,Q2)2)
• Expect b to decrease from soft (~10 GeV-2)
to hard (~4-5 GeV-2)
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 5
Why are we measuring
Use QED for photon wave function. Study properties of VM wf and the gluon density in the proton.
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 6
Mass distributions
KK /J
PHP
DIS 0
0
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 7
Photoproduction
W process becomes hard as scale (mass) becomes larger. real part of amplitude increases with hardness.
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 8
(W) – ρ0
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 9
Proton dissociationMC: PYTHIA
pdiss: 19 ± 2(st) ± 3(sys) %
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 10
(W) – ρ0,
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 11
(W) - , J/,
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 12
(Q2+M2) - VM
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 13
Kroll + Goloskokov: = 0.4 + 0.24 ln (Q2/4) (close to the CTEQ6M gluon density, if parametrized as xg(x)~x-/4)
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 14
(Q2) nMQ
22
Fit to whole Q2 range gives bad 2/df (~70)
VM n comments
ρ 2.44±0.09 Q2>10 GeV2
2.75±0.13 ±0.07
Q2>10 GeV2
J/ 2.486±0.080±0.068
All Q2
1.54±0.09 ±0.04
Q2>3 GeV2
101Q2(GeV2)
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 15
(Q2)
* 2
2
2 2 ( )
1( )
( )p n QQ
Q M
2 2( ) 2.15 0.007n Q Q
(for Q2 > 1 GeV2)
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 16
Proton vertex factorisation
photoproduction
proton vertex factorisation
Similar ratio within errors for and
proton vertex factorisation in DIS
IP IP
Yelastic p-dissociative
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 17
b(Q2) – ρ0, Fit
||tbedt
d
:
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b(Q2+M2) - VM
2 2( )r b c
‘hard’
gg
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 19
Information on L and T
Use 0 decay angular distribution to get r0400 density matrix
element 04 04 200 00(cos ) (1 ) (3 1)cosh hf r r
04000400
1
1L
T
rR
r
- ratio of longitudinal- to transverse-photon fluxes ( <> = 0.996)
0400
L L
L T tot
r
using SCHC
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 20
R=L/T (Q2)When r00
04 close to 1, error on R large and asymmetric advantageous to use r00
04 rather than R.
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 21
R=L/T (Q2)
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 22
R=L/T (Mππ)
Why??
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 23
R=L/T (Mππ)
Possible explanation:
2
1R
M
example for =1.5
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 24
Photon configuration - sizessmall kT large
kTlarge config.
small config.
T: large size small size
strong color forces color screening
large cross section small cross section
*: *T, *L
*T – both sizes, *L – small size
Light VM: transverse size of ~ size of proton
Heavy VM: size small cross section much smaller (color transparency) but due to small size (scale given by mass of VM) ‘see’ gluons in the proton ~ (xg)2 large
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 25
L/tot(W)
L and T same W dependence
L in small configuration
T in small and large configurations
small configuration steep W dep
large configuration slow W dep
large configuration is suppressed
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 26
L/tot(t)
TL bb
size of *L *T
large configuration suppressed
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 27
(W) - DVCS* p p
Final state is real T
using SCHC initial * is *T
but W dep of steep
large *T configurations suppressed
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 28
Effective Pomeron trajectory
ρ0
photoproduction
Get effective Pomeron trajectory from d/dt(W) at fixed t
2[2 ( ) 2]( ) ( ) IP td
W F t Wdt
Regge:
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 29
Effective Pomeron trajectory
ρ0 electroproduction
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 30
Comparison to theory
• All theories use dipole picture
• Use QED for photon wave function
• Use models for VM wave function – usually take a Gaussian shape
• Use gluon density in the proton
• Some use saturation model, others take sum of nonperturbative + pQCD calculation, and some just start at higher Q2
• Most work in configuration space, MRT works in momentum space. Configuration space – puts emphasis on VM wave function. Momentum space – on the gluon distribution.
• W dependence – information on the gluon
• Q2 and R – properties of the wave function
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 31
ρ0 data (ZEUS) - Comparison to theory
• Martin-Ryskin-Teubner (MRT) – work in momentum space, use parton-hadron duality, put emphasis on gluon density determination. Phys. Rev. D 62, 014022 (2000).
• Forshaw-Sandapen-Shaw (FSS) – improved understanding of VM wf. Try Gaussian and DGKP (2-dim Gaussian with light-cone variables). Phys. Rev. D 69, 094013 (2004).
• Kowalski-Motyka-Watt (KMW) – add impact parameter dependence, Q2 evolution – DGLAP. Phys. Rev. D 74, 074016 (2006).
• Dosch-Ferreira (DF) – focusing on the dipole cross section using Wilson loops. Use soft+hard Pomeron for an effective evolution. Eur. Phys. J. C 51, 83 (2007).
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 32
ρ0 data (H1) - Comparison to theory
• Marquet-Peschanski-Soyez (MPS): Dipole cross section from fit to previous , and J/ data. Geometric scaling extended to non-forward amplitude. Saturation scale is t-dependent.
• Ivanov-Nikolaev-Savin (INS): Dipole cross section obtained from BFKL Pomeron. Use kt-unintegrated PDF and off-forward factor.
• Goloskokov-Kroll (GK): Factorisation of hard process and proton GPD. GPD constructed from standard PDF with skewing profile function.
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Q2
KMW – good for Q2>2GeV2 miss Q2=0
DF – miss most Q2
FSS – Gauss better than DGKP
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Q2
Data seem to prefer
MRST99 and CTEQ6.5M
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 35
W dependence
KMW - close
FSS:
Sat-Gauss – right W-dep.
wrong norm.
MRT:
CTEQ6.5M – slightly better in W-dep.
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 36
L/tot(Q2)
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 37
L/tot(W)
All models have mild W dependence. None describes all kinematic regions.
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 38
L,T (Q2+M2)
• Different Q2+M2 dependence of L and T (L0 at Q2=0)
• Best description of L by GK; T not described.
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 39
Density matrix elements - ,
• Fair description by GK
• r500 violates SCHC
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 40
VM/tot
June 10, 2008 A. Levy: Exclusive VM, GPD08, Trento 41
Summary and conclusions• New high statistics measurements on ρ0,
electroproduction and on DVCS.• The Q2 dependence of (*pρp) cannot be described by a
simple propagator term.• The cross section is rising with W and its logarithmic
derivative in W increases with Q2.• The exponential slope of the t distribution decreases with Q2
and levels off at about b = 5 GeV-2.• Proton vertex factorisation observed also in DIS.• The ratio of cross sections induced by longitudinally and
transversely polarised virtual photons increases with Q2, but is independent of W and t.
• The effective Pomeron trajectory has a larger intercept and smaller slope than those extracted from soft interactions.
• All these features are compatible with expectations of perturbative QCD.
• None of the models which have been compared to the measurements are able to reproduce all the features of the data.