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Page 1: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes
Page 2: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes
Page 3: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes
Page 4: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes
Page 5: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes
Page 6: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes

Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes

Page 7: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes

Examples of clonal animals: (a) corals and (b) sponges.

Page 8: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes

Hypothetical population; red dots represent individuals and blue line defines the population distribution

Page 9: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes

Distribution of moss Tetraphis pellucida at a number of different spatial scales; from its global geographic range to the location of individual colonies on a tree stump.

Page 10: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes

Abundance: total number of individuals (red dots)Population density: number of individuals per unit area

Page 11: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes
Page 12: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes

A metapopulation is made up of small, isolated populations.

Individuals

Habitatpatches

Page 13: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes

Although some subpopulations go extinct over time...

Page 14: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes

…migration can restore or establish subpopulations.

Page 15: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes

(a) Cross-section of a tree trunk showing annual growth rings;(b) Time series of radial increments for an American beech tree

Page 16: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes
Page 17: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes
Page 18: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes
Page 19: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes
Page 20: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes
Page 21: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes
Page 22: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes
Page 23: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes
Page 24: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes

average number of female offspring produced by a female of age x

Gross reproductive rate = average number of female offspring born to a female over her lifetime

Page 25: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes

mean number of females born in each age group adjusted for survivorship

R0 = net reproductive rate; average number of females that will be left during a lifetime by a newborn female

Page 26: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes
Page 27: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes
Page 28: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes
Page 29: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes
Page 30: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes
Page 31: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes
Page 32: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes
Page 33: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes
Page 34: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes
Page 35: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes
Page 36: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes

Effect of population density on the growth of the tadpole Rana tigrina

Number of individuals

Page 37: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes

Effect of population density on the growth of white clover plants

Page 38: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes

Grain (seed)production in individual corn plants

Page 39: Examples of modular growth in (a) aspen trees, in which root buds give rise to clones, and (b) seagrass, in which new shoots form from rhizomes

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