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Section B - Structure

1a. Psychosocial factors play an important role in a students learning environment in school. Explain

the meaning of psychosocial factors.

  Individual differences

  Feeling of togetherness

  Tolerance

   Acceptance

  Warm and secure environment

1b. elaborate the examples two ways by which teachers can help to create a classroom environment

which is conducive for learning from the psychosocial perspective

  Environment must facilitate the learning

  Receptive atmosphere

2. children in the preschool stage often play social games. These social games can be classified into

different categories. Elaborate on any one of the categories.

  Cooperative play: Galah Panjang

  Play in groups, work together to achieve the goal to win

  Cooperate to produce a product

2b. explain the examples two ways in which social games can help in the development of children

  Provide chances for kids to interact with each other

  Communicate better

  Respect, tolerate

3a. explain the meaning of learning styles

  How students learn / approaches to learn

  Different ways of learners concentrate, process, and retain what they learn

3b. discuss with examples two ways in which teachers can help to improve the teaching and learning

process if they are aware of their student’s learning styles

  Use appropriate teaching methods in line with student’s learning styles 

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  Why? In order to maximize student’s learning 

  E.g: if students are visual learners   teachers should use more pictures and visual images

4a. between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation

  Intrinsic : own satisfaction    e.g use dictionary to find new words because he wants it

himself

  Extrinsic : gets external rewards    e.g learn new words to get new vocabulary because

teacher promises rewards for those who can give new words

4b. the use of rewards to motivate students can only be effective if certain conditions are adhered to.

explain three of these conditions.

  Teacher must set clear expectations for students (clear goals and objectives of the day)

  Students also must be clear of the goal and objectives

  How they will be rewarded should be clear, too

Section C essay

1. According to constructivist, learning can only occur if knowledge is actively constructed by the

learner. Discuss to what extent constructivism is relevant in the teaching and learning of your subject

major. (role of teacher, students, constructivism principles)

  Example of activity   role play - describe the role of teacher, students in a role play activity  

  Throw in principles and relate it to the activity  

  Teacher only gives guidance, but majority of the conducting of activity are done by students 

  Students throw out their own ideas on how they want to act, and what they want to see -

teacher monitors the discussion 

  Give strengths and weakness of applying constructivism in strong and weak classroom 

  Suitability of the classroom size 

2. Cooperative learning which is based on the social model of teaching emphasizes the need for

students to solve a task together so as to achieve a common goal. Discuss the extent to which

cooperative learning is an effective teaching method in the msian classroom.

  Give benefits AND downsides of using cooperative approach in TnL   relate back to NPE  

  Encourage respect and moral values in students 

  Provide basic tolerance in students 

  Live harmoniously, a sense of interdependence, accountability and responsibility, enhance

motivation 

  Not good: class size, teacher don’t have time to prepare materials, education is exam

oriented   don’t need much arguments, only need lots of fact s 

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3. you are sent to a school in the interior with only water supply from the rain water. Electricity is

from a generator which is switched on for 4 hours only at night. To get to your school from the

nearest town you would need to walk for a day through the jungle because the school is inaccessible

by road or river. The school is an old wooden building. There are only 11 houses in the village. Many

of your students have to walk an hour to school. Your classroom is in a poor physical state. There are

about 25 students in your classroom. Most of them come from poor families and the students have

to work after school. Many students are not motivated to learn. Given the scenario above discuss

how you can create a conducive learning environment in your classroom that can motivate the

students to learn. Provide rationales for your argument. Your rationales should be related to relevant

motivation theories.

  Use recycled materials, use nature products 

  Decorate class, make it comfortable 

  Positive reinforcements to students 

  Teacher as role-model  

  Display students work  

  Relate in the models too (briefly) 

 __________________________________________________________________________________

Essay

1. Understanding learning theories enables the teacher to observe various ways students learn.

a) discuss 5 benefits of using the social learning theory to facilitate effective teaching and learning.

  Students learn to work well with each other  

  Students can exchange information with each other   learn more with peers 

  Student-centred learning, more chances to express self  

  Students model after each other  

  More fun 

b) elaborate 4 implications of Skinner’s behaviorist theory in the classroom. 

  Practice of reward and punishment system in class - use reinforcement schedule 

  Teacher-centred learning - information from teacher so students are passive learners 

  Students are mostly extrinsicly motivated   through promised reward  

2. Teaching models focus on the learning environment to guide the planning of the curriculum,

course, and preparation of teaching and learning materials. Based on your understanding of teaching

models,

a) describe 5 expository methods that teachers can apply in the classroom.

b) explain 5 pupil-centered strategies that can be used by teachers to enhance pupil’s mastery of

knowledge

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  Cooperative learning

  Discussion

  Field work

  project

3. A teacher tries to produce a conducive learning situation to avoid the occurrence of various

conflicts and stressful situations in the classroom.

a) suggest 5 strategies for classroom managements to generate a conducive learning environment

  Comfortable classroom   seating arrangements, decorations 

  Facilities   marker pens, reading corner, LCD 

  Receptive environment   students and teachers are receptive of each other’s opinion 

  Positive climate 

b) suggest 5 ways to foster cooperation among your pupils

  Practice more group activities in classroom 

  Make sure students take turns in working with different people in the classroom, have

rotation groups 

 __________________________________________________________________________________

- importance of play (how it is related to learning)

- how does play help to develop children according to NPE

- define learning

- advance organisers in the learning

- direct experiences / hands on learning (activity and benefits)

- social learning theory

- teaching approach (behavioural)

- student centered teaching method

- mastery learning (importance and effectiveness)