Evolution Review

Get out your journals! Turn to Evolution Stations!

Charles Darwin

• Father of:– Evolution

• Evolution states: all life as we know it came from

•A common Ancestor

Peppered Moth Story-Industrial Revolution Time Period

Fossil RecordFossil Record• Comparing fossils from older, more

primitive species, to younger, more complex species in rock layers document that evolution has occurred.

Homologous structuresHomologous structures•Same Structure/physical traits

Analogous StructuresAnalogous Structures•Same Functions/Different Organisms

Bird and Bat Wings

Examples:

Vestigial organs• Organs that serve no useful function in

organisms.

• Humans: Appendix

• Whales: Pelvic Bone

Having lots of species in an areaBiodiversity

Differences in GenesVariations

These 2 factors lead to increased survival in populations.

Geographic Isolation:

• physical barriers

–Mountains

–Oceans

Natural Selection

• Survival of the fittest”

• Those that are better suited to their environment (better phenotypes or physical characteristics) survive and reproduce successfully

2. MutationsMutation

• A mistake in DNA that contributes to the variation (introduction of new genes) of a species and is very important in evolution.

Gene FlowGene Flow• Organism’s moving in and out

of an area to search for……..–Hunt for food–Living space–Other resources

GENETIC DRIFT

• A change in the population because of a random event, such as a catastrophe

• The smaller the population, the less genetic variety it has. traits can be lost from one generation to the next.

Based on this Cladogram, which organism is most closely related to the Chimp?-Mouse

Based on this Cladogram, all of the organisms have jaws except:-Hagfish

The Galapagos Island

• Darwin’s visit to these islands, the differences in the animals, and his observations that habitat can affect the adaptations of organisms.

Behavioral Isolation

Camouflage

Allows organism to hide from predators

The Genetic Basis of Evolution

• are all of the alleles (alternate forms of genes) in all of the individuals that make up a population.

Gene Pool

Temporal Isolation

• These are closely related species, but the American toad mates in the early part of summer, while the Fowler's toad mates later in the season.

Adaptation

• A advantageous trait that allows an organism to better survive.– Ex. Venom– Ex. Camoflauge

Embryology

• similarities in the early embryos indicated that they descended from a common ancestor

Gradualism

• Evolution happening slowly.

Punctuated Equilibrium

• Evolution in a short period of time usually due to some kind of event.