evolution evolution (material for extra credit questions)
TRANSCRIPT
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EVOLUTION
Evolution
(material for extra credit questions)
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Outline
• Approximate date of earth formation
• Theory of Chemical Evolution & evidence for chemical evolution– Miller’s Experiment
• Timeline for emergence of first Cells
• Evidence supporting evolution
• Early Primate evolution – Evolution of the Genus Australopithecines
– Evolution of the Genus Homo & modern humans
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4.5 billion years ago the earth formed
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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Earth formed
Chemical Evolution began
First Eukaryotes emerged
First Prokaryotes emerged
4.5 billion years ago
4 billion years ago
3.5 billion years ago
1.2 billion years ago
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Miller’s Experiment showed:
• Organic molecules can be formed from components of Earth’s early atmosphere.
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Collections of polymers.heterotrophs
autotrophs
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Ocean
First species to come to land from our oceans were plants.
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PLANT LIFE
• Plants provided O2
• Provided ozone layer• Protection against UV
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Evolutionary changes
• Anatomical• Functional• Behavioral
How do these changes occur?
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Charles Darwin: 1809-1882
1831-1836
1859
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DARWIN’s TRAVELS
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2 conflicting theories
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Key components of evolutionary process
• Genetic variation
• Natural selection
• Survival of the Fittest
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Evidence supporting natural selection
1. Fossil records
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2. Homologous structures
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3. Biochemical similarities
– DNA– Amino acids
98% similar
Humans
Chimpanzees
(DNA of fossils is also being studied)
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4. Embryologic development
Sea urchin
Cockatiel
Mouse
Human
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• 5. Biogeography
Super continent 240 million years ago
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• 6. Experimental Evidence
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Primate Evolution
Earliest primates included theTarsiers
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Primates (order)
Prosimians Anthropoids
Old world monkeys hominoidsNew world monkeys
Great Apes
Lesser Apes
Hominids
Genus:Australopithecus
Genus: Homo
Consist of
Ruff lemur tarsier
Consist of:
Mandrill Spider Monkey
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Australopithecus afarensis
Approx. 3.2 mya
“Lucy”
Approx. 25-30 years old
Approx. 60 pounds
Approx. 3 ft tall
Discovered byDr. Donald Johanson mid 70’s
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Australopithecus afarensis
• Bipedal• Approximately 3 to 5.6 ft in height
• Over 1 million years ago Australopithecus disappeared.
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Homo habilis“skillful man”
• Lived 1.8 million years ago
• Discovered 1960 in Tanzania by Dr. Mary Leakey
Brain is 50% larger than Australopithecus
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Homo erectus“upright man”
• Lived 1.6 million years ago
• H. erectus moved from Africa to Europe and Asia
Used fire
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maleApproximately 12 years oldLived approximately 1.6 million years ago
Homo erectus(stood approximately 5 ft tall)
Turkana BoyFound in 1984 in Kenya
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Homo sapien“thinking man”
• Emerged approx. 300,000 years ago
• 2 subspecies– neaderthalensis– sapien
Skull of Homo sapien neanderthalensis
Lived in small clans and had elaborate burial rituals.
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Homo sapien sapien
• Neaderthanls disappeared about 40,000 years ago
• About 300,000 years ago enter Homo sapien sapien
Skull of early Homo sapien sapien
Cro-Magnon Man
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Homo sapien sapienCro-Magnon Man
Artistic with perhaps a well developed language
Excellent hunters
Lived in communities
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Homo sapien sapien“modern man”
• Appeared approximately 10,000 years ago
• Very little change over the past 40,000 years
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The End!