Evidence for an Expanding Universe with a Finite

Beginning

Evidence for an Expanding Universe with a Finite

Beginning11.16.0911.16.09

Hubble’s ObservationsHubble’s Observations

First to show that Universe was expanding

How??

First to show that Universe was expanding

How??

Hubble’s ObservationsHubble’s Observations

Using a standard candle (star of known brightness), Hubble showed that stars are moving away from each other based on their relative brightness

Also showed that more distant stars are moving away more quickly than close stars

Using a standard candle (star of known brightness), Hubble showed that stars are moving away from each other based on their relative brightness

Also showed that more distant stars are moving away more quickly than close stars

Cosmic Background Microwave RatiationCosmic Background Microwave Ratiation

Discovered by accident in 1965, background microwave radiation can be detected at uniform (equal) levels throughout the visible universe

Importance?

Discovered by accident in 1965, background microwave radiation can be detected at uniform (equal) levels throughout the visible universe

Importance?

CMBR ContinuedCMBR Continued

Big Bang models predicted residual heat throughout the universe

Microwaves show residual heat in the very low end of the spectrum

Even distribution of heat showed a common source of heat from long ago

Big Bang models predicted residual heat throughout the universe

Microwaves show residual heat in the very low end of the spectrum

Even distribution of heat showed a common source of heat from long ago

Even Distribution of MatterEven Distribution of Matter

Like the confetti in our class, matter is evenly distributed throughout the universe

H, He, and Li are found at expected levels based upon initial events of Big Bang

Like the confetti in our class, matter is evenly distributed throughout the universe

H, He, and Li are found at expected levels based upon initial events of Big Bang

Color ShiftColor Shifthttp://astro.unl.edu/classaction/animations/light/dopplershift.swfhttp://www.7stones.com/Homepage/Publisher/Dopp.htmlhttp://www.colourtherapyhealing.com/colour/images/electromagnetic-spectrum.jpghttp://www.rkm.com.au/ANIMATIONS/animation-Doppler-Effect-Star.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Redshift_blueshift.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Redshift.pnghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Suzredshift.gif

Color ShiftColor Shift

Approaching stars appear more blue than expected, due to their shorter wavelenths

Receding stars appear more red than expected, due to their longer wavelengths

Vast majority of stars in the visible universe are more red than expected - evidence of a still-expanding universe

Approaching stars appear more blue than expected, due to their shorter wavelenths

Receding stars appear more red than expected, due to their longer wavelengths

Vast majority of stars in the visible universe are more red than expected - evidence of a still-expanding universe