evidence act 2012.pdf

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On 08/09/2013, you requested for the version in force on 08/09/2013 incorporating allamendments published on or before 08/09/2013. The closest version currently available is thatof 01/08/2012.

Evidence Act

(CHAPTER 97)

Long Title

Part I RELEVANCY OF FACTS

Preliminary

1 Short title

2 Application of Parts I, II and III

3 Interpretation

4 Presumptions

Relevancy of facts

5 Evidence may be given of facts in issue and relevant facts

6 Relevancy of facts forming part of same transaction

7 Facts which are the occasion, cause or effect of facts in issue

8 Motive, preparation and previous or subsequent conduct

9 Facts necessary to explain o r introduce relevant facts

10 Things said or done by conspirator in reference to common design

11 When facts not otherwise relevant become relevant

12 In suits for damages facts tending to enable court to determine amount are relevant

13 Facts relevant when right or custom is in question

14 Facts showing existence of state of mind or of body or bodily feeling

15 Facts bearing on question whether act was accidental or intentional

16 Existence of course of business when relevant

Admissions and confessions

17 Admission and confession defined

18 Admission by party to proceeding or his agent, by suitor in representative character, etc.

19 Admissions by persons whose position must be proved as against party to suit

20 Admissions by persons expressly referred to by party to suit

21 Proof of admissions against persons making them and by or on their behalf

22 When oral admissions as to contents of documents are relevant

23 Admissions in civil cases when relevant

24 (Repealed)

25 (Repealed)

26 (Repealed)

27 (Repealed)

28 (Repealed)

29 (Repealed)

30 (Repealed)

31 Admissions not conclusive proof but may estop
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32 Cases in which statement of relevant fact by person who is dead or cannot be found, etc., is relevant

32A Protest, greeting, etc., treated as stating fact that utterance implies

32B Statement of opinion

32C Admissibility of evidence as to credibil ity of maker, etc., of statement admitted un der certain provisions

33 Relevancy of certain evidence for proving in subsequent proceeding the truth of facts therein stated

Statements made under special circumstances

34 Entries in books of accounts when relevant

35 (Repealed)

36 (Repealed)

36A Rules for filing and receiving evidence and documents in court by using information technology

37 Relevancy of entry in public record made in performance of duty

38 Relevancy of statements in maps, charts and plans

39 Relevancy of statement as to fact of public nature contained in certain Ordinances, Acts or notifications

40 Relevancy of statements as to any law contained in law books

How much of a statement is to be proved

41 What evidence to be given when statement forms part of a conversation, document, book or series of letters or

papers

Judgments of courts of justice when relevant

42 Previous judgments relevant to bar a second suit or trial

43 Relevancy of certain judgments in probate, etc., jurisdiction

44 Relevancy and effect of judgments, orders or decrees other than those mentioned in section 43

45 Judgments, etc., other than those mentioned in sections 42 to 44 when relevant

45A Relevance of convictions and acquittals

46 Fraud or collusion in obtaining judgment or incompetency of court may be proved

Opinions of third persons when relevant

47 Opinions of experts

48 Facts bearing upon opinions of experts

49 Opinion as to handwriting when relevant

50 Opinion as to existence of right or custom when relevant

51 Opinion as to usages, tenets, etc., when relevant

52 Opinion on relationship when relevant

53 Grounds of opinion when relevant

Character when relevant

54 In civil cases character to prove conduct imputed irrelevant

55 In criminal cases previous good character relevant

56 Admissibility of evidence and questions about accuseds disposition or reputation

57 Character as affecting damages

Part II PROOF

Facts which need not be proved

58 Fact judicially noticeable need not be proved

59 Facts of which court must take judicial notice

60 Facts admitted need not be proved
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3/77

Oral evidence

61 Proof of facts by oral evidence

62 Oral evidence must be direct

62A Evidence through live video or live television links

Documentary evidence

63 Proof of contents of documents

64 Primary evidence

65 Secondary evidence

66 Proof of documents by primary evidence

67 Cases in which secondary evidence relating to documents may be given

67A Proof of documents in certain cases

68 Rules as to notice to produce

68A Manner of giving voluminous or complex evidence

69 Proof of signature and handwriting of person alleged to have signed or written document produced

70 Proof of execution of document required by law to be attested

71 Proof where no attesting witness found

72 Admission of execution by party to attested document

73 Proof when attesting witness denies the execution

74 Proof of document not required by law to be attested

75 Comparison of signature, writing or seal with others admitted or proved

Public documents

76 Public documents

77 Private documents

78 Certified copies of public documents

79 Proof of documents by production of certified copies

80 Proof of other official documents

80A Prints from films in the possession of the Government and statutory body

Presumptions as to documents

81 Presumption as to genuineness of certified copies

82 Presumption as to documents produced as record of evidence

83 Presumption as to Gazettes, newspapers and other documents

84 Presumption as to document admissible in England without proof of seal or signature

85 Presumption as to maps or plans made by authority of Government

86 Presumption as to collections of laws and reports of decisions

87 Presumption as to powers of attorney

88 Presumption as to certified copies of foreign judicial records

89 Presumption as to books, maps and charts

90 Presumption as to telegraphic messages

91 Presumption as to due execution, etc., of documents not produced

92 Presumption as to documents 30 years old

Exclusion of oral by documentary evidence

93 Evidence of terms of contracts, grants and other dispositions of property reduced to form of document

94 Exclusion of evidence of oral agreement

95 Exclusion of evidence to explain or amend ambiguous document
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96 Exclusion of evidence against application of document to existing facts

97 Evidence as to document meaningless in reference to existing facts

98 Evidence as to application of language which can apply to one only of several persons

99 Evidence as to application of language to one of two sets of facts to neither of which the whole correctly applies

100 Evidence as to meaning of illegible characters, etc

101 Who may give evidence of agreement varying terms of document

102 Construction of wills not affected by sections 93 to 101

Part III PRODUCTION AND EFFECT OF EVIDENCE

Burden of proof

103 Burden of proof

104 On whom burden of proof lies

105 Burden of proof as to particular fact

106 Burden of proving fact to be proved to make evidence admissible

107 Burden of proving that case of accused comes within exceptions

108 Burden of proving fact especially within knowledge

109 Burden of proving death of person known to have been alive within 30 years

110 Burden of proving that person is alive who has not been heard of for 7 years

111 Burden of proof as to relationship in the cases of partners, landlord and tenant, principal and agent

112 Burden of proof as to ownership

113 Proof of good faith in transactions where one party is in relation of active confidence

114 Birth during marriage conclusive proof of legitimacy

115 (Repealed)

116 Court may presume existence of certain fact

116A Presumptions in relation to electronic records

Estoppel

117 Estoppel

118 Estoppel of tenant and of licensee of person in possession

119 Estoppel of bailee or licensee

Witnesses

120 Who may testify

121 Dumb witnesses

122 Parties to civil suit and their wives or husbands, and husband or wife of person under criminal trial

123 Judges and Magistrates

124 Communications during marriage

125 Evidence as to affairs of State

126 Official communications

127 Information as to commission of offences

128 Professional communications

128A Communications with legal counsel in entity

129 Sections 128 and 128A to apply to interpreters, etc.

130 Privilege not waived by volunteering evidence

131 Confidential communications with legal advisers

132 Production of title deeds of witness not a party

133 Production of documents which another person having possession could refuse to produce
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134 Witness not excused from answering on ground that answer will criminate

135 Accomplice

136 Number of witnesses

Examination of witnesses

137 Order of production and examination of witnesses

138 Court to decide as to admissibility of evidence

139 Examination-in-chief, cross-examination and re-examination

140 Order of examinations and direction of re-examination

141 Cross-examination of person called to produce a document

142 Witnesses to character

143 Leading questions

144 When they must not be asked

145 When they may be asked

146 Evidence as to matters in writing

147 Cross-examination as to previous statements in writing

148 Questions lawful in cross-examination

149 When witness to be compelled to answer

150 Court to decide when question shall be asked and when witness compelled to answer

151 Question not to be asked without reasonable grounds

152 Procedure of court in case of question being asked without reasonable grounds

153 Indecent and scandalous questions

154 Questions intended to insult or annoy

155 Exclusion of evidence to contradict answers to questions testing veracity

156 Questions by party to his own witness

157 Impeaching credit of witness

158 Questions tending to corroborate evidence of relevant fact admissible

159 Former statements of witness may be proved to corroborate later testimony as to same fact

160 What matters may be proved in connection with proved statement relevant under section 32 or 33

160A Evidence not capable of corroboration

161 Refreshing memory

162 Testimony to facts stated in document mentioned in section 161

163 Right of adverse party as to writing used to refresh memory

164 Production and translation of documents

165 Giving as evidence document called for and produced on notice

166 Using as evidence document production of which was refused on notice

167 Judges power to put questions or order production

168 Power of assessors to put questions

Improper admission and rejection of evidence

169 No new trial for improper admission or rejection of evidence

Part IV BANKERS BOOKS

170 Interpretation

171 Mode of proof of entries in bankers books

172 Proof that book is a bankers book

173 Verification of copy

174 Production by, or appearance of, officer of bank
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