everything you need to know about bluetooth le advertising...advertising pdu header advertising pdu...
TRANSCRIPT
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Nordic Tech Webinar
Hung Bui / Senior Application Engineer
Håkon Helsing / Senior Application Engineer
September 2020
Everything you need to know about Bluetooth LE advertising
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Duration: 50-60 min
Questions are encouraged!
Please type questions in the top of the right sidebar
All questions are anonymous
Try to keep them relevant to the topic
I will answer questions towards the end
The chat is not anonymous, and should not be used for questions
If you have more questions, please use DevZone
A recording of the webinar will be available together with the presentation at webinars.nordicsemi.com
Practicalities
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Hung Bui
Senior Application Engineer
Today’s hostsHåkon Helsing
Senior Application Engineer
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Basics
Advertising Extensions
Advertising types
Advertising data format
nRF Connect SDK API and example walk through
Advertisiment analysis with nRF Sniffer for Bluetooth LE
Agenda
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Basics
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A Broadcaster advertises to broadcast data Data
RSSI
Direction Finding I/Q data
A Peripheral advertises to broadcast data and/or to make itself discoverable for a connection
Two types of advertising: Legacy advertising
Extended advertising
What is advertising?
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GAP role Link Layer state
Broadcaster Advertising
Observer Scanning
Peripheral AdvertisingConnection (Slave)
Central ScanningInitiatingConnection (Master)
GAP roles and Link Layer states
All roles can also be in the standby stateBluetooth Core Specification 5.2, Vol 3, Part C, 2.2.2
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Broadcaster
Observer
Peripheral
Central
Roles (GAP)
B
O
P
C
B
O
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Broadcaster
Observer
Peripheral
Central
Roles (GAP)
B
O
P
C
B
O
C
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Broadcaster
Observer
Peripheral
Central
Roles (GAP)
B
O
P
C
B
O
C
P
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Broadcaster
Observer
Peripheral
Central
Roles (GAP)
B
O
P
C
B
O
C
P
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Broadcaster
Observer
Peripheral
Central
Roles (GAP)
B
O
P
C
B
O
C
P
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Advertising interval = 20 ms
0-10 ms random delay
Advertising on channel
Advertising and scanning
20 ms 25 ms 28 ms 22 ms
37 38 39B
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Advertising interval = 20 ms
0-10 ms random delay
Advertising on channel
Advertising and scanning
20 ms 25 ms 28 ms 22 ms
37 38 39B
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Scan interval = 20 ms
Scan window = 10 ms
Advertising and scanning
20 ms 25 ms 28 ms 22 ms
B
O 37 38 39 37 38
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Scan interval = 20 ms
Scan window = 10 ms
Advertising and scanning
20 ms 25 ms 28 ms 22 ms
B
O 37 38 39 37 38
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Scan interval = 20 ms
Scan window = 10 ms
Advertising and scanning
20 ms 25 ms 28 ms 22 ms
B
O 37 38 39 37 38
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Scan interval = 20 ms
Scan window = 10 ms
Advertising and scanning
20 ms 25 ms 28 ms 22 ms
B
O 37 38 39 37 38
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Advertising types
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Legacy advertising typesType Scannable Connectable
ADV_IND Yes Yes
ADV_SCAN_IND Yes
ADV_NONCONN_IND
ADV_DIRECT_IND Yes
Bluetooth Core Specification 5.2, Vol 6, Part B, 2.3.1
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Extended advertising types ADV_EXT_IND
AUX_ADV_IND
AUX_SYNC_IND
AUX_CHAIN_IND
Legacy advertising typesType Scannable Connectable
ADV_IND Yes Yes
ADV_SCAN_IND Yes
ADV_NONCONN_IND
ADV_DIRECT_IND Yes
Bluetooth Core Specification 5.2, Vol 6, Part B, 2.3.1
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GAP role Advertising types
Broadcaster ADV_SCAN_INDADV_NONCONN_IND
Peripheral ADV_INDADV_SCAN_INDADV_NONCONN_INDADV_DIRECT_IND
GAP roles and advertising types
Bluetooth Core Specification 5.2, Vol 3, Part C, 2.2.2
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ADV_SCAN_IND and ADV_IND are scannable
Scan request and scan response
TXB
O RX
RX TX RX
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ADV_SCAN_IND and ADV_IND are scannable
Scan request and scan response
TXB
O RX
RX TX RX TX
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ADV_SCAN_IND and ADV_IND are scannable
Scan request and scan response
TXB
O RX
RX TX RX TX RXTX
Scan request
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ADV_SCAN_IND and ADV_IND are scannable
Scan request and scan response
TXB
O RX
RX TX RX TX RXTX
TXRX
Scan response
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ADV_IND and ADV_DIRECT_IND are connectable
Connection request
TXP
C RX
RX TX RX TX
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ADV_IND and ADV_DIRECT_IND are connectable
Connection request
TXP
C RX
RX TX RX TX RXTX
Connection request
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ADV_NONCONN_IND
Not connectable or scannable
No RX -> Lower power consumption
Non-connectable advertising
TXB
O RX
TX TX
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ADV_NONCONN_IND, ADV_SCAN_IND, ADV_IND 20 ms to 10.24 seconds, in steps of 0.625 ms
0-10 ms random delay
Trade-off between power consumption and device discovery time
Scan interval and scan window
Leverage scanner if possible
Advertising interval
Bluetooth Core Specification 5.2, Vol 6, Part B, 4.4.2.2.1
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Directed advertising
Used to quickly reconnect to a known Central
Two duty cycle options: Low duty cycle
The time between two advertisements shall be less or equal to 10 ms
High duty cycle
The time between two advertisements shall be less or equal to 3.75 ms
Maximum duration of 1.28 s
Advertising interval - ADV_DIRECT_IND
Bluetooth Core Specification 5.2, Vol 6, Part B, 4.4.2.4
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An advertiser can use a white list to filter out unwanted scan requests and/or connection requests
The white list contains device addresses and/or Identity Resolving Keys (IRKs) that the advertiser shall accept scan requests and/or connection requests from, filtering away all other.
These typically belong to devices it has bonded with
IRKs are shared after bonding, and are used to resolve private resolveable addresses
White list
Bluetooth Core Specification 5.2, Vol 6, Part B, 4.3
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Advertising data
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Advertising PDU Advertising PDU:
Advertising PDU header:
PDU type4 bits
RFU1 bit
ChSel1 bit
TXAdd1 bit
RXAdd1 bit
Length8 bits
Header16 bits
Payload(1-255 octets)
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Advertising PDU header Advertising PDU Header:
PDU type4 bits
RFU1 bit
ChSel1 bit
TXAdd1 bit
RXAdd1 bit
Length8 bits
PDU type PDU name
0b0000 ADV_IND
0b0001 ADV_DIRECT_IND
0b0010 ADV_NONCONN_IND
0b0110 ADV_SCAN_IND
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Advertising PDU header Advertising PDU header:
RFU: Reserved for future use
ChSel: 1 if LE Channel Selection Algorithm #2 is supported
TXAdd: 0 if address is public, 1 if random
RXAdd: 0 if the target’s address is public, 1 if random
Length: Payload length
PDU type4 bits
RFU1 bit
ChSel1 bit
TXAdd1 bit
RXAdd1 bit
Length8 bits
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Advertising PDU payload Advertising PDU:
Header16 bits
Payload(1-255 octets)
ADV_IND payload
AdvA(6 octets)
AdvData(0-31 octets)
ADV_NONCONN_IND payload
AdvA(6 octets)
AdvData(0-31 octets)
ADV_DIRECT_IND payload
AdvA(6 octets)
TargetA(6 octets)
ADV_SCAN_IND payload
AdvA(6 octets)
AdvData(0-31 octets)
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Public (TXAdd = 0) Unique address that can be recognized
Random (TXAdd = 1) Static
Private
Non-resolvable
Resolvable
AdvA – Advertiser address
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Advertising data format Advertising PDU:
Header16 bits
Payload(1-255 octets)
ADV_IND payload
AdvA(6 octets)
AdvData(0-31 octets)
ADV_NONCONN_IND payload
AdvA(6 octets)
AdvData(0-31 octets)
ADV_DIRECT_IND payload
AdvA(6 octets)
TargetA(6 octets)
ADV_SCAN_IND payload
AdvA(6 octets)
AdvData(0-31 octets)
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With ADV_IND, ADV_NONCONN_IND and ADV_SCAN_IND the sum of the structures can be maximum 31 bytes, with overhead
Advertising data formatAD structure 1 AD structure 2 ··· AD structure N
Length 1 octet
AD type n octets
AD dataLength – n octets
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AD type data format is defined in Part A in Bluetooth Core Specification Supplement (CSS)
Most common AD types: Service UUID
Local Name
Flags
Manufacturer Specific Data
Advertising data format – AD type
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Service UUID Typically included in connectable advertisements so that Centrals know supported service(s) without
connecting. For example should a Heart Rate Sensor include the Heart Rate Service UUID
Local Name Typically included in connectable advertisements so that a human user can select to connect. For
example «Heart rate sensor».
Can be shortened (0x08) or complete (0x09)
Advertising data format – AD type
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Flags (0x01) Shall be included when any of the Flag bits are non-zero and the advertising packet is connectable
(ADV_IND)
5 bits:
Limited Discoverable Mode
General Discoverable Mode
BR/EDR Not Supported
Simultaneous LE and BR/EDR to Same Device Capable (Controller)
Simultaneous LE and BR/EDR to Same Device Capable (Host)
Advertising data format – AD type
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Manufacturer Specific Data (0xFF) Typically used to include custom data
The two first octets shall contain a company identifier from the company identifier assigned numbers (free to obtain for Bluetooth SIG members)
Advertising data format – AD type
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Advertising Extensions
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Increases advertising data length
Allows advertising on data channels
Enables long range connection establishment
Chaining
Periodic advertising
Why use Advertising Extensions?
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Legacy Advertising 2 bytes header
37 bytes payload
31 bytes advertising data
Advertising Extensions 2 bytes header
255 bytes payload
254 bytes advertising data
0-63 extended header
Increases Advertising data length
37
255
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Legacy Advertising Complete payload
repeated on the advertising channels
Advertising extensions Header is repeated on the
advertising channels
Payload is only transmitted once
Advertising on data channels
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Longer packets and coding
Congested advertising channels
Reduces contention and duty cycle
Advertising on data channels
16320 symbols
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Advertisements can be chained together to extend the amount of advertising data
Chaining
255 255 255
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Enables synchronized broadcasting of advertising data
Happens at a deterministic interval allowing true connectionless broadcasting
Periodic Advertising
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Connectionless Direction Finding
Periodic Advertising
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nRF Connect SDKAPI, example walkthrough and demo
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Demo setup
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nRF Connect SDK
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SEGGER Embedded StudioPreparing the network core of nRF5340
nRF 52 series devices may skip this step
Prepare nRF5340 PDK with thehci_rpmsg sample
Select the Network core as shown
Build and run the sample
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SEGGER Embedded StudioProject setup
Locate the scan_adv sample
Select your board directory
Select the Application core
Click ‘Build and run’ to flash the sample
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Demo
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• Find the downloadvand instructions at nordicsemi.com
nRF Sniffer for Bluetooth LE
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Demo
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Example 1: scan_adv sample, unmodified from Zephyr Project
Example 2: Static address, name, Company ID
Example 3: Advertising interval, set address
Example 4: Scan response, send more data(128-bit UUID)
Examples
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Example 1scan_adv
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[nRF Sniffer for Bluetooth LE window]
Example 1 - scan_adv sample
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Example 2Static address, name, Company ID
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[SES-window]
Example 2
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[Wireshark window]
Example 2
Extra packetinformation
BLE packet
Filtering
PACKET LIST
PACKET DETAILS
Packet info as: - hexadecimal (left)- ASCII (right)
PACKET BYTES
Wireshark filter for connection interval btle.connect.interval
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Example 3Advertising interval and set address
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[SES-window]
Example 3
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[Wireshark window]
Example 3
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Example 4Scan response, send more data(128-bit UUID)
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[SES-window]
Example 4
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[Wireshark window]
Example 4
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Q&A