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MACHIANHAVILAH

EVAPORATION: A PART

OF THE HYDROLOGICALCYCLE

A CVE 841 TERM PAPER

UDUEBOR MICHEAL AACVE/06/7988

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EVAPORATION, A PART OF THE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE - UDUEBOR MICHEAL A. (CVE/06/7988) Page iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of Contents ii

List of Figures iv

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Evaporation 1

1.2 Evaporation 1

1.3 Factors influencing the rate of evaporation 4

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Evaporation from free surface 6

2.1 Evaporation from water surfaces (Lake Evaporation ) 6

2.1.1 Methods of Estimating Lake Evaporation 7

2.2 Evaporation Pans 8

2.3 Measures to Reduce Lake Evaporation 10

2.4 Soil Evaporation 11

2.5 Unsaturated flow 12

2.6 Transpiration 12

2.7 Terms in Evaporation 13

CHAPTER THREE

3.1 Evapotranspiration and the water cycle 16

3.2 Evaporation and Condensation 17

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3.2.1 Indirect methods 18

3.2.2 Catchment water balance 19

3.2.3 Hydrometeorological equations 19

3.2.4 Energy balance 20

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Experimental Method for measuring ET 21

4.1 Eddy covariance 21

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Conclusion 23

REFERENCES 24

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Water cycle of the Earth's surface, showing the individual components of

transpiration and evaporation that make up evapotranspiration. 15

Figure 2: The Hydrologic cycle 16

Figure 3: Monthly estimated potential evapotranspiration and measured

pan evaporation for two locations in Hawaii, Hilo and Pahala .21

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaiihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaii