evanston wind park 101 2012 final output
TRANSCRIPT
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Evanston, Energy and the EnvironmeThe Answer is Blowing in the Wind
November, 2012
http://www
http://www.greenerevanston.org/http://www.greenerevanston.org/ -
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Time vs. Global Temp. Rise
Climate Change
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Evanston Wind Park Concept
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Evanston Wind Park Concept
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Energy 101
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Power Grid Overview
Production
End User
Transmission
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Power Grid
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Power Grid
PJM
Territory
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EnergyConsumed to
Generate
Electricity
40.04 Quads
Conversion
Losses
25.22 Quads
Gross Generationof Electricity
14.82 QuadsNet Generation of
Electricity
14.01 Quads
Supply
107.66 Quads Consumption
97.30 Quads
Expo
10.35 Q
Source:2011 US Dept. Energy Info
Administration
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EnergyConsumed to
Generate
Electricity
40.04 Quads
Conversion
Losses
25.22 Quads
Gross Generation
of Electricity
14.82 QuadsNet Generation of
Electricity
14.01 Quads
Source:2011 US Dept. Energy Info
Administration
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Renewable Sources
US Energy Consumption - Electric Power Sector
Source:
US Dept. Energ
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Renewable Sources
US Energy Consumption - Electric Power Sector
Source:
US Dept. Energ
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Electricity Sources - U.S.
Source:
US Dept. Energy Information Administration
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Petroleum Natural Gas Coal Nuclear Renewable
Electricity Sources - Illinois
Illi i N El i i G i b S J l 2012
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13%
43%
43%
2%
Illinois Net Electricity Generation by Source, July 2012
Petroleum Natural Gas Coal Nuclear Renewable
Source:
Energy Information Administration, EElectricity Sources - Illinois
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Coal
CO2
SO2
NOX
LCOE
Water Used
MercurySource:Synapse Energy Economic
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Coal
CO2
SO2
NOX
LCOE
Water Used
Mercury
Environmental cos
removal, fly ash b
factored into low
19th century techn
Can be used for b
peaker plants
Dangerous to mine
Dirtiest primary sou
production
Generates significa
impacts fish.
Emissions contribu
mercury poisoning
Previously had bee
source. New coal
expensive and pron
Source:Synapse Energy Economic
CO2
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Coal
CO2
SO2
NOX
LCOE
Water Used
Mercury
Environmental cos
removal, fly ash b
factored into low
19th century techn
Can be used for b
peaker plants
Dangerous to mine
Dirtiest primary sou
production
Generates significa
impacts fish.
Emissions contribu
mercury poisoning
Previously had bee
source. New coal
expensive and pron
Source:Synapse Energy Economic
CO2
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CO2
SO2 0
NOX
LCOE
Water Used
Source:
Synapse Energy Economic
Natural Gas
CO2
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Non-renewable fo
20th century techn Cleaner than coal ( Gas fired power pla
making them good
also now being use As of 2012, natural
coal
CO2
SO2 0
NOX
LCOE
Water Used
Source:
Synapse Energy Economic
Natural Gas
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Hydrofracturing - Fracking Shale Gas
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Hydrofracturing - Fracking Shale Gas
Fracked Shale Gas us
million gallons of wat
Potentially pollutes gsources with a range
including toluene
Methane leakage a m
contributor
Non-renewable fossil
Source:Synapse Energy Economics - Hidden C"Water Resources and Use for HydraulMarcellus Shale Region" Arthur, J. DanPreston (May 56, 2010).
http://fracfocus.org/sites/default/files/publications/water_resources_and_use_for_hydraulic_fracturing_in_the_marcellus_shale_region.pdfhttp://fracfocus.org/sites/default/files/publications/water_resources_and_use_for_hydraulic_fracturing_in_the_marcellus_shale_region.pdfhttp://fracfocus.org/sites/default/files/publications/water_resources_and_use_for_hydraulic_fracturing_in_the_marcellus_shale_region.pdfhttp://fracfocus.org/sites/default/files/publications/water_resources_and_use_for_hydraulic_fracturing_in_the_marcellus_shale_region.pdf -
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Methane Emissions by Fuel Source
Source:US Dept. Energ
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Methane Emissions by Fuel Source
Methane is 20 times morepotent than CO2 is as a
Greenhouse Gas.
Natural Gas systems are thesingle largest source of methaneemission in the US by far
Source:US Dept. Energ
CO2
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Nuclear Power
*20k-60k gals for open loo
CO2
SO2
NOX
LCOE
Water Used
Spent Fuel Issue
Source:Synapse Energy Economic
CO2
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Nuclear Power
The long term solution
not been figured out
The power output of th
affected by cooling po
Issues with this have b
as summer temperatu 20th century technology
Nuclear power plants ar
baseload power
Nuclear fuel is a finite re
Cost of power plants is
(200% cost overruns) an
to build
Three power plants hav
accidents, two of which
*20k-60k gals for open loo
CO2
SO2
NOX
LCOE
Water Used
Spent Fuel Issue
Source:Synapse Energy Economic
CO2
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Nuclear Power
The long term solution
not been figured out
The power output of th
affected by cooling po
Issues with this have b
as summer temperatu 20th century technology
Nuclear power plants ar
baseload power
Nuclear fuel is a finite re
Cost of power plants is
(200% cost overruns) an
to build
Three power plants hav
accidents, two of which
*20k-60k gals for open loo
SO2
NOX
LCOE
Water Used
Spent Fuel Issue
Source:Synapse Energy Economic
CO2 0
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CO2 0
SO2 0
NOX 0
LCOE
Water Used
Wind Energy
Source:Synapse Energy Economic
CO2 0
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CO 0
SO2 0
NOX 0
LCOE
Water Used
Wind Energy
21st century tech
Typically thought
source of power.
regional group, th
and can start to b
power source.
True renewable p
Low risk/relatively
Land based wind
currently compet
should continue o
Extremely minim
Source:Synapse Energy Economic
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Renewables
Coal Coal/CCS Natural Gas Nuclear WindHydroAssessment of Relative Benefit/Impact
C i C
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More Favorable
Construction CostNew plant construction cost for anequivalent amount of generating capacity
Electricity CostProjected cost to produce electricity from anew plant over its lifetime
Land UseArea required to support fuel supply and
electricity generation
Water requirementsAmount of water required to generateequivalent amount of electricity
CO2 emissionRelative amount of CO2 emissions per unitof electricity
Non-CO2 emissionRelative amount of air emissions other thanC02 per unit of electricity
Waste productsPresence of other significant wasteproducts
AvailabilityAbility to generate electricity when needed
FlexibilityAbility to quickly respond to changes indemand
Source:Electric Power Research Institute
Coal Coal/CCS Natural Gas Nuclear WindHydroAssessment of Relative Benefit/Impact
C t ti C t
Fracked shale gas has
tremendous water*
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More Favorable
Construction CostNew plant construction cost for anequivalent amount of generating capacity
Electricity CostProjected cost to produce electricity from anew plant over its lifetime
Land UseArea required to support fuel supply and
electricity generation
Water requirementsAmount of water required to generateequivalent amount of electricity
CO2 emissionRelative amount of CO2 emissions per unitof electricity
Non-CO2 emissionRelative amount of air emissions other thanC02 per unit of electricity
Waste productsPresence of other significant wasteproducts
AvailabilityAbility to generate electricity when needed
FlexibilityAbility to quickly respond to changes indemand
Source:Electric Power Research Institute
tremendous water
requirements that are
significantly worse than
conventional natural gas and
uses allegedly highly toxic
fluids which are believed to
have the ability pollute
groundwater supplies.
When wind farms areaggregated over large
geographical areas, it is
possible to more accurately
predict their power
production as a whole.
It is possible for wind
turbines to very quickly
respond to electrical
demand loads byfeathering the blades into
the wind until the power is
needed
*
*
*
*
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Wind 101
Early wind energy engineer
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Early wind energy engineer
Of all the forces of nature, I should think the wind containsthe largest amount of motive power.
All the power exerted by all the men, beasts, running-water,
and steam, shall not equal the one hundredth part of what isexerted by the blowing of the wind.
Quite possibly one of the greatest discoveries, will be thetaming and harnessing of it.
Early wind energy engineer
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Early wind energy engineer
Of all the forces of nature, I should think the wind containsthe largest amount of motive power.
All the power exerted by all the men, beasts, running-water,
and steam, shall not equal the one hundredth part of what isexerted by the blowing of the wind.
Quite possibly one of the greatest discoveries, will be thetaming and harnessing of it.
Abraham Lincoln1860
Another early wind energy proponent
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Thomas Edison1931
Id put my money on the sun and solar energy.What a source of power! I hope we dont have
to wait until oil and coal run out before wetackle that.
Another early wind energy proponent
Converting one form of energy to another
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KineticEnergy
Mechanical Energy Elect
Overall: 42 50% Efficient but theoretical Maximum is 59.3% (
Component Rotor Gearbox Generator
Efficiency 45-52% 95-97% 97-98%
Wind Turbine Principles
Turbine Power Curve
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Wind Speed at Hub Height (m
ElectricPower(kW)
How much power is in wind?
Power = d x A x v3
d = air density
A = swept areav = wind speed
For standard turbines;
A = r2, so
Power = d x r2 x v3
Wind Power Physics
Turbine Power Curve
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Wind Speed at Hub Height (m
ElectricPower(kW)
How much power is in wind?
Power = d x A x v3
d = air density
A = swept areav = wind speed
For standard turbines;
A = r2, so
Power = d x r2 x v3
Wind Power Physics
2x blade radius = 4x power
2x wind speed = 8x power!!
Notic
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Prime U.S. Land
Based Wind
Noticwind offsho
Wind Resourcesrelative to
Population
Notic
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Prime U.S. Land
Based Wind
Noticwind offsho
Wind Resourcesrelative to
Population
Notic
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Prime U.S. Land
Based Wind
Noticwind offsho
Wind Resourcesrelative to
Population
Notic
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Prime U.S. Land
Based Wind
wind offsho
Wind Resourcesrelative to
Population
Notic
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Prime U.S. Land
Based Wind
wind offsho
Wind Resourcesrelative to
Population
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Wind Turbine Sizes over Time
From 60 cents/kWh down to 5-6
t /kWh (f l d b d i d)
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1981 1985 1990 1996 1999 2001
Rotor Dia. (m) 10 17 27 40 50 71
KW 25 100 225 550 750 1,500
2005
88
2,500
LCOELevelized Cost of Energy
cents/kWh (for land based wind)
Turbine Size:Power over Time
Land based wind energy is now cost
competitive with conventional fuels
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Current State-of-the-Art
Utilities need short (
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Energy Storage System
Proposed Wind Farm Location
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Energy Storage System
Proposed Wind Farm Location
Elevated Water Storage - Surplus E
Pumps Water Up in Elevation. Wh
Needed, Water is Sent Down to th
Power Plant Below
Net Addition Cumulative
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0 MW
10000 MW
20000 MW
30000 MW
40000 MW
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 201
Source:US Dept. of Energy NCumulative vs. Annual Installed US Wind Capacity
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U.S. Wind Related Manufacturing Facilities and Wind Industry Job
A 250-megawatt project
generates 1079 jobs
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U.S. Wind Related Manufacturing Facilities and Wind Industry Job
522 construction jobs
432 manufacturing jobs
80 planning & development
27 for operations
18 sales slots
Natural Resource Defense Council
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Historic Costs/kWh of Renewable Energy Source:US Dept. Energ
Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE)LCOE is the initial capital discount rate plus the costs of continuous
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Plant Type LCOE ($/MWh)
Natural Gas CC $66
Conventional Coal $94
Advanced Nuclear $114
Terrestrial Wind $97
Solar Photovoltaic $210
Offshore Wind $243
Off
shore Wind 2020*
$100Offshore Wind 2030* $70
Relative Costs/MWh for Various Electrical Sources
Source:Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2011*From National Offshore Wind Strategy, US DOE/DOI 2011
LCOE is the initial capital, discount rate plus the costs of continuous
operation, fuel and maintenance
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Land Based vs. Offshore Construction Costs
Land Based Offshore
Source:NREL 2010 Cos
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Land Based vs. Offshore Construction Costs
Land Based Offshore
Source:NREL 2010 Cos
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Anthropogenic Causes of Bird Mortality (per 10,000 avian deaths)
Source: Erickson et al. (2002)
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Bldgs/Windows House CatsOther
Electric LinesVehicles
PesticidesComm. Towers
Anthropogenic Causes of Bird Mortality (per 10,000 avian deaths)
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Source:Congressional testimony Mike Daulton, Director of Conservation PolicyNational Audubon Society, before the Committee on Natural ResourcesSubcommittee on Fisheries, Wildlife and Oceans, May 2007.
On balance,Audubon stronglysupports wind power as a clean
alternative energy source that reducesthe threat of global warming. Each
individual wind project, however, has aunique set of circumstances and should
be evaluated on its own merits.
- Audubon Society
Avian Concerns
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Sound LevelsSource:BWEA (2007)
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US Water Savings from 20% Wind Scenario Source:American Wind Ener
Cumulatively, for the electrical power generation sector, the 20% wind scenario would;
2007-2030 - avoid the consumption of 4 trillion gallons of water (8% of US water us
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US Water Savings from 20% Wind Scenario
2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028
g
By 2030, annual reductions = 450 billion gallons (17% of US water usage)
Source:American Wind Ener
Source:US Dept. of Energy July 2008
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Cumulative Carbon Emission Reductions Attributed to Wind
(compared to expanding the generation mix without wind energy)
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Evanston Wind Park 1
Source:2010 W. Musial
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Prime U.S. Land
Based Wind
US Offshore Wind Potential
The Great Lakes have the potentialof offshore wind power in water 30mshallower (cost effective foundation
Source:2010 W. Musial
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Prime U.S. Land
Based Wind
Great LakesCalifornia
Gulf of Mexico
Mid-Atlantic
New England
Pacific Northwest
Sou
0-30 m 30-60 mUS Offshore Wind Potential
shallower (cost effective foundation
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Great Lakes Wind Resources
19.0-20.1 mph
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Evanston
Great Lakes Wind Resources
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Great Lakes Wind Resources
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Wind Park Overview
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(40) 5MW Wind Turbines
Enough power for approx. 59,000 household
18 mph wind) - Evanston has 30,000 househo
CO2 abatement per 40 turbine array = 490,70
Would meet multiples of the CO2 abatement
Evanston Climate Action Plan (336%)
Wind Park Overview
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1.75
Miles
7 Miles
Conceptual Wind Park Location
Wind Park would be located 7 miles
offshore, in line with the Northwesterncampus and Dawes Park
Wind Park could be located 7 milesoffshore in line with the Northweste
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7 Miles
offshore, in line with the Northwestecampus and Dawes Park
Conceptual Wind Park Location
Wind Park could be located 7 milesoffshore in line with the Northweste
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7 Miles
offshore, in line with the Northwestecampus and Dawes Park
Conceptual Wind Park Location
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Evanston
Lake Michigan BathymetryProposed Evanston Offshore Windfarm
Windfarm
Conceptual Wind Park
Location
Lake Michigan Depth Chart
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At 7 miles out, Lake Michiganswater depth is approx. 70 andabout 90 deep at 9 miles out.
Foundations are typically costeffective to 30m (98) water depth
Evanston
Lake Michigan BathymetryProposed Evanston Offshore Windfarm
Windfarm
Conceptual Wind Park
Location
Lake Michigan Depth Chart
Green Image for Evanston andIllinois
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Regional Benefits
Green Image for Evanston andIllinois
Tourism
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CO2 Reduction
Civic Pride
Jobs
Regional Benefits
http://localhost/Users/kipnis/Desktop/Images/Whole%20Foods%20Wind%20Turbineshttp://localhost/Users/kipnis/Desktop/Images/Whole%20Foods%20Wind%20Turbineshttp://localhost/Users/kipnis/Desktop/Images/Whole%20Foods%20Wind%20Turbines -
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View from Shore
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Evanston Offshore Wind
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Lake Michigan
Offshore Wind Policy
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Practicality
Offshore Practicality:
Not Can But Will
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Practicality
Not Can, But Will
Not a novel technology (only to US)
National Energy Strategy and Policy
Bipartisan
Economics are practical
- First projects will be mostexpensive
- Pathway to reducing costs - >$0.07/kWh or Less
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Projects in Progress
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Illinois RPS is 25%Renewable Energy by 2025
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Renewable portfolio stand
Renewable portfolio goalRenewable Portfolio Standards (RPS)
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Federal Interest & Support
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Federal Interest & Support
States Support 2012 MultiFederal Memorandum of U
$180M for Offshore Wind
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Federal Interest & Support
Demonstration Projects*
*Source:
http://ww
doe-putsprojects/
1. Encourage and follow State activities; get anEvanstonian on the Advisory Council
http://www.earthtechling.com/2012/03/doe-puts-180m-into-offshore-wind-demo-projects/http://www.earthtechling.com/2012/03/doe-puts-180m-into-offshore-wind-demo-projects/http://www.earthtechling.com/2012/03/doe-puts-180m-into-offshore-wind-demo-projects/http://www.earthtechling.com/2012/03/doe-puts-180m-into-offshore-wind-demo-projects/http://www.earthtechling.com/2012/03/doe-puts-180m-into-offshore-wind-demo-projects/http://www.earthtechling.com/2012/03/doe-puts-180m-into-offshore-wind-demo-projects/ -
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2. Redouble efforts to promote awareness andfoster transparent discussions
3. Encourage and facilitate establishment of a
meteorological station4. Identify benefits and negative effects of an
offshore wind park
5. Encourage, facilitate and follow other keystudies addressing project feasibility
6. Identify grants, tax benefits, and other meansto demonstrate a favorable development
environment
7. Look at models for sharing leasing revenueand generating tax revenue
8. Actively explore and select the Citys role(s) inthe project, including direct purchase
9. Identify big concepts and projects that may
MAYORS W
FARM COMM
Report to the City CJune 20, 2011
Recommendations for Evanston
4. Identify benefits and negative effects of an
offshore wind park
5. Encourage, facilitate and follow other keystudies addressing project feasibility
6 Identify grants tax benefits and other means
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6. Identify grants, tax benefits, and other meansto demonstrate a favorable developmentenvironment
7. Look at models for sharing leasing revenue
and generating tax revenue
8. Actively explore and select the Citys role(s) inthe project, including direct purchase
9. Identify big concepts and projects that mayhelp or hinder a wind park
10.Promptly designate a committee to work on
the above, especially role
11.Explore and collaborate with potentialpartners
MAYORS W
FARM COMM
Report to the City CJune 20, 2011
Recommendations for Evanston
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Advisory Council Recommendations
Groundwork: map the lake for siting;regulatory toolkit; study offtake;
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regulatory toolkit; study offtake;enabling legislation
Advisory Council Recommendations
Groundwork: map the lake for siting;regulatory toolkit; study offtake;
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regulatory toolkit; study offtake;enabling legislation
Bid process: for site assessment rights
Advisory Council Recommendations
Groundwork: map the lake for siting;regulatory toolkit; study offtake;
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regulatory toolkit; study offtake;enabling legislation
Bid process: for site assessment rights
Application: to convert bid rights intolicense for construction, maintenanceand operation, and decommission
Advisory Council Recommendations
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Process Moving Forward
The Process:If started now, complete 2020 at the earliest
Advisory Council
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GIS Mapping (now)
Wind Study (now)
Further Advisory (economics, off
take) Legislation (2013)
Bidding
Assessment
Application
Permitting
Construction and Operation
Operational Phase (20+ years)
Process Moving Forward
Illinois Coastal Spatial PlanningTransportation/Security
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Spatial Mapping
Illinois Coastal Spatial PlanningEnvironmental Factors
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Spatial Mapping
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Ongoing Studies
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Ongoing Studies
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Wind Testing
Source: Grand Valley State University (2012)
Mid-Lake Testing - June 2012
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104/118
Wind Testing
Source: Grand Valley State University (2012)
Buoy recorded 22mph average wind
speed in the middle ofthe Lake this past year
1. Environmental Factor
Visual Impacts (Viewshed)2. Marine Factors
Recreational Boating
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105/118
Factors to Consider
p ( )
Fish Spawning Areas/Refuges - Reef
Threatened or Endangered Species & Habitat
Migratory Flyways of Birds and Bats
Avian Nesting, Feeding and Resting Areas
Geology and Sediments
Benthic and Aquatic Habitats
Terrestrial Ecology
Electrical and Magnetic Fields
Acoustic Impacts
Available Wind Resources
Recreational Boating
Historical/Archeological/ShipResources
Sport and Commercial Fishi
Other Existing Uses
3. Public Infrastructure
Electrical Transmission equipm
Water Supply Infrastructure
Littoral Zone
Other Public Infrastructure
4. Transportation/Security
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106/118
Public Input Opportunities
The Process:Public Input
Advisory Council
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107/118
Advisory Council
GIS Mapping (now)
Further Study(economics, offtake)
Legislation (2013)
Bidding
Assessment
Application
Permitting
Construction and Operation
Operational Phase (20+ years)
Public Input Opportunities
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108/118
Principles
Principles:
Best practices (e.g., GLWC ToolkitJul 2011)
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109/118
Jul 2011)
Openness/transparency/
inclusiveness Safeguard environment
Accommodate other resources
Public Trust Doctrine: Satisfy butsafeguard
Eye on the prize: clean, renewable
Principles
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110/118
The Public
The Public
The wind is a public resource
Th l k i bli t
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111/118
The lake is a public treasure
The test must be public benefit
The public sector must be deeplyinvolved
The process must be public
The public must be engaged andaccepting
The Public
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112/118
Recap: Why Wind?
Why Wind?
The promise:
Abundant
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113/118
Clean
Renewable Local
Cheaper
Jobs
Recap: Why Wind?
Why Offshore Wind?
Greater wind speed =
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114/118
plower levelized cost
Closer to demand centers
Avoidance of someviewshed issues
Fewer competing uses
Larger turbines possibleoffshore
Economic development
Why Offshore Wind?
Why Offshore Wind?
Greater wind speed =
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115/118
lower levelized cost
Closer to demand centers
Avoidance of someviewshed issues
Fewer competing uses
Larger turbines possibleoffshore
Economic development
Why Offshore Wind?
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116/118
Recap: Why Lake Michigan?
Wind energy above LakeMichigan is an enormous publicresource that:
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we have a national and local interest
in developing can and should be responably
explored, and
probably can and should beresponsibly developed
Recap: Why Lake Michigan?
Evanston, Energy and the EnvironmeThe Answer is Blowing in the Wind
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118/118
November, 2012
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