Young Researchers Seminar 2011DTU, Denmark, June 8 - 10, 2011

Young Researchers Seminar 2013Lyon, France , June 5-7 2013

Evaluation of V2I TechnologiesHow to Adjust Cost-Benefit-Analyses (CBA) to ITS?

Dipl.-Ing. Wolfgang NiebelGerman Aerospace Center (DLR),

Institute of Transportation systems

2

Content

•Evaluation Cost-Benefit-Analyses•V2I Technologies Cooperative ITS•Adjustments CBA with Microsimulation•Results ? •Outlook Future Research

Evaluation of V2I Technologies

3

Introduction

Evaluation of V2I Technologies

l = 1 km

q = 15.000 veh/dv = 20 km/ht = 3 min

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Introduction

Evaluation of V2I Technologies

l = 1,7 kmq = 15.000 veh/dv = 50 km/ht = 2 min t = 1 min

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CBA in Road Projects

Evaluation of V2I Technologies

Global Goals Benefit Criteria

1. Mobility a) Vehicle Travel Time

  b) Pedestrians and Bike Delay Time

2. Resource Efficiency c) Vehicle Operation + Maintenance

  Vehicle Occupancy Rate

3. Environment Friendliness d) Pollutant Immissions (NOx, CO, HC, PA)

  e) Climate Gas Emission (CO2)

  f) Noise Immissions

  g) Fuel Consumption

4. Safety h) Accidents and Fatalities

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V2I Technologies in

•Cooperative ITS + ADAS (ACC)

GLOSA

Evaluation of V2I Technologies

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Adjustments: Scale of Model

Evaluation of V2I Technologies

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Adjustments: Cooperative ITS

Evaluation of V2I Technologies

Scenario Traffic Control C2I Rate Tailback Estimation

Vehicle Approach Control

Base Line Status Quo 0% Test 1 KOLINE Optimiser

Test 2 KOLINE Optimiser 5%

detectors + vehicle data

Test 3 ‘‘ 15%Test 4 ‘‘ 25%Test 5 ‘‘

35%Test 6 ‘‘ +lateral control

Test 8 ‘‘ API: SignalPlan.csv,DetectorCounts.csv <300m Ø

API:TRANSfusion.jar

→Desired speed→Forced lane change

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Adjustments: Extrapolation

Evaluation of V2I Technologies

„Modelling traffic as a stochastical system [rather than as deterministic chaos] seems more plausible to me.“(Prof. Dr. Dr. Reinhard Selten, Nobel Prize Economy 1994)

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Extrapolation I: Stochastics

Evaluation of V2I Technologies

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 18020

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

flow [veh/h]

mea

n tr

avel

time

[s/v

eh]

count:

1

1

1

2

2

=7

nsim= 17

n =1.088

nclassx=14+1

nclassy=7+1

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Extrapolation II: Probability

Evaluation of V2I Technologies

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 1600%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

>55

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

flow [veh/h] (upper class limit)

prob

abili

ty o

f tra

vel ti

mes

[s]

14,3%

14,3%

14,3%

28,6%

28,6%

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Workdays [d/a]

count 14 48 77 48 14 201

factor 0,91 0,95 1,0 1,05 1,09

ADTw:2.000 1.820 1.900 2.000 2.100 2.180

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 240

50

100

150

200

250

DTVmaxDTVw1,05DTVw1,0DTVw0,95DTVw0,91DTVmin

hour

flow

[veh

/h]

Extrapolation III: Load Curves

Evaluation of V2I Technologies

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Extrapolation IV: Relevant Hours

Evaluation of V2I Technologies

Daytype Day count Hours @ q=20 [h/a]

Workdays1,0 77 5 385

Sundays and public holidays1,0 25 2 50

      435

Travel time interval Probability

]25,30]s 28,6% 124

]30,35]s 28,6% 124

]35,40]s 14,3% 62

]40,45]s 14,3% 62

]45,50]s 14,3% 62

14Evaluation of V2I Technologies

Results I

Criteria Impact

a) Vehicle Travel Time [26,78] %

c) Vehicle Operation incl. (g) Fuel Consumption [17,57] %

e) Climate Gas Emission (CO2) [5,17] %

b) Pedestrians Delay Time 0 %

d) Pollutant Immissions (NOx, CO, HC, PA) 0 %

15Evaluation of V2I Technologies

Results II

Scenario Number of passed nodes nN

1 2 3 4 5Test1 172,0Test2 0,8 1,6 2,4 3,1 3,8Test3 0,9 1,7 2,5 3,2 4,0Test4 0,8 1,6 2,3 3,0 3,7Test5 0,8 1,6 2,4 3,2 3,9Test8 0,9 1,7 2,5 3,3 4,1

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Outlook

Evaluation of V2I Technologies

•Extrapolation other criteria?•Bayesian Network q(t-1)v(t)▫Travel time : workdays sundays▫Different probability distribution?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 240

50

100

150

200

250

hour

flow

[veh

/h]

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AcknowledgementsThe KOLINE project was granted by the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi) according to a decision of the German Federal Parliament within the 3rd transport research framework “Mobility and Transport Technologies”.

Project partners:• TU Braunschweig

▫ Institute of Transportation and Urban Engineering▫ Institute of Control Engineering

• Institut für Automation und Kommunikation e.V. Magdeburg (ifak),• Transver GmbH Munich,• Volkswagen AG Wolfsburg (VW)

Evaluation of V2I Technologies