The first Indian media was established in the Late

18 th century with print media started in 1780s.

"Media" refers to various means of communication.

For example, television, radio, print and new media

are different types of media. All these forms use

technology to propagate the message. Hence we

could define all these media as media technology.

Print media, being the leader over a considerable

period of time has now got competition from

Television, which is reshaping many of the social

responses.

Radio apart from providing news and views has also

developed a flair for entertainment, thereby getting a

lot of acceptance. There is also the new media with

internet being its flag bearer.

media can make a real difference to the lives of poor

and disadvantaged people in the following ways.

Making people more aware of their rights and

entitlements

Enabling people to have access to government

programmes, schemes and benefits.

Making people more aware of political issues and

options and helping to stimulate debate.

Educating the public on social, economic and

environmental issues.

Drawing attention to institutional failings –

corruption, fraud, waste, inefficiency, cronyism,

nepotism, abuse of power and the like;

Fostering exchange of best practices, knowledge

resources, access to better technology, and to better

choices

Creating pressure for improved government

performance, accountability and quality, for example

in service delivery; and

Providing a discursive space for citizens to dialogue

with other actors in the governance process.

Among the various mass media used in a

India, newspaper occupies a place of

prominence because of its low cost, wide

circulations and variety of contents.

Print media has its unique role in informing

literate farmers.

Print media play a significant role in developing rural

resources and motivating the farmers for adoption of

new technology transfer in agriculture is primarily

done through mass media, which is the basis for

advancing rural development in our country. The

print and electronic technology revolutionizing the

agricultural system throughout the world.

Print media has tremendous effect in the field of

agriculture.

It is believed that print media demands a more active

and creative participation the part of the rural readers

than is demand by the audience of other media

because the communication is less structured and

reader is forced to participate creatively in this more

impersonal type of communication.

NEWS stands : North, East, West and South.

News papers – it typically meets four criteria1. Publicity: Its contents are reasonably accessible

to the public2. Periodicity: It is published at regular intervals3. Currency: Its information is up to date4. Universality: It covers a range of topic

Worlds first newspaper German relation

started in 1605 in German language.

The first Indian newspaper - Hicky’s Bengal Gazette

published in 1780 Jan 29 in Calcutta in English

language.

- founded by James Augustus Hicky (Irishmen)

- It also called as the Calcutta General Advertiser

- This paper survives until 1830s.

First Hindi – language newspaper published in India,

Udant martand (The Rising Sun), started in 30 may

1826.

This day celebrated as the “Hindi Journalism Day”

or Hindi Patrakarika Diwas as it marked the beinging

of journalism in Hindi language.

The first Hindi daily, Samachar Sudha Varshan started in 1854 three years before the first freedom struggle of India in 1857.

The world Association of Newspapers and News

Publishers (WAN - IFRA) published a list of

newspapers with the largest circulation.

In 2005,

- China – 93.5 M

- India – 78.8 M

- Japan – 70. 4 M

- US – 48.3 M

- Germany – 22.1 M

Rank Newspaper Country Average daily

circulations

1 The Sun U.K 3,472,841

2 USA Today USA 2,610,255

3 The Daily Mail U.K 2,476,625

4 The mirror UK 2,187,960

5 Times of India India 1,879,000

World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN - IFRA)

In INDIA The prestigious Hindi newspaper Dainik Jagran, which

ranks no 1 in terms of readership, has added a new featherin its cap by acquiring the top position in terms ofcirculation too.

During 2010-11, the highest numbers of newspaperspublished were in Hindi (7910) followed by English(1406) and Urdu (938). Other regional languages includeGujarati (761), Telugu (603), Marathi (521) andBengali (472).

The prominent Hindi newspapers are Dainik Jargan,Dainik Bhaskar, Amar Ujala, Navbharat Times,Hindustan Dainik, Rajasthan Patrika and Nai Dunia.

Total readership of top ten Hindi dailies is estimated at 188.68 millions, nearly five times of top ten English dailies that have 38.76 million total readership (India).

In English “The Times of India” – it established in

1838 in Mumbai (Bombay).

Circulation of newspapers in the country grew by

8.23 per cent in 2010-11, as per the 55 annual report

of the register of newspapers for India (RNI). As

many as 3671 newspapers were published from Uttar

Pradesh followed by Delhi with 1993 and Madhya

Pradesh with 1243 newspapers, it said.

In terms of circulation, Uttar Pradesh topped the table

with more than 6.97 crore copies. Delhi followed

with a circulation of 5.27 crore and Maharastra

retained the third position with over 2.9 crore copies.

With a combined readership claim of its 12 editions

reading 3746929 copies, Times of India was the

highest readers among multi-edition dailies, the RNI

report said “Eenadu” and Hindi daily “Dainik

Bhaskar” stood second and third in terms of highest

multi-edition readership.

Circulation is not always the same as copies sold,

often called paid circulation, since some newspapers

are distributed without cost to the readers.

Readership figures are usually higher than circulation

figures because of the assumption that a typical copy

of the newspaper is read by more than one person.

Rank Newspaper

PrimaryLocality Language Circulation Owner

1 Dainik Bhaskar Nationwide Hindi 3,557,407 D B Corp Ltd.

2 Dainik Jagran Nationwide Hindi 3,034,560Jagran

Prakashan

3The Times of

India Nationwide English 2,891,702The Times

Group

4Hindustan

Dainik Nationwide Hindi 2,237,243 HT Media Ltd

5Malayala

Manorama Kerala Malayalam 2,232,585Malayala

ManoramaCompany

Rank Newspaper Language City

Daily Readership, IRS 2013

(in million)

1Dainik Jagran(दैनिक जागरण)

HindiVarious cities and

states15.527

2Hindustan(हिन्दसु्ताि)

HindiVarious cities and

states14.246

3Dainik Bhaskar(दैनिक भास्कर) Hindi

Various cities and states

12.857

4Malayala Manorama

(മലയാള മന ാരമ)Malayalam

10 cities in Kerala, Bangalore,Mangalore, Chennai,Mumbai, Delhi,Dubai

, and Bahrain

8.565

5Daily Thanthi(தினத்தந்தி) Tamil

Various cities in Tamil Nadu,

Bangalore, Pondicherry and

Mumbai.

8.156

6 Rajasthan Patrika HindiVarious cities and

states7.665

7 Times of India EnglishVarious cities and

states7.254