evaluation of juvenile salmonid outmigration and survival in the lower umatilla river project no....
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Evaluation of Juvenile Salmonid Outmigration and Survival in the Lower Umatilla River
Project No. 1989-024-01
Tara White, Shannon Jewett, Josh Hanson, and Richard CarmichaelODFW, NE Fish Research and Development
Hermiston, OR
Presented by:
Tara White
Research Project Leader
Funded by:
Umatilla River Location
ID
WA
OR
CA
MT
NV UT
Study Site
Umatilla
McNary Dam
Management Issues
Hatchery Effectiveness
Natural ProductionSuccess
Flow EnhancementEffectiveness
Passage Conditions
• Hatchery Effectiveness: survival, outmigration performance & health
• Natural Production Success:abundance, outmigration performance & health
• Flow Enhancement: effects of river operations on fish migration & survival
• Passage Conditions & Strategies: effectiveness of fish passage & transport
Association with Key Project Elements
Project Goals
Migration Abundance
Survival
Life History
Hatchery M&E
MigrationMonitoring & In-basin Survival viaPIT-tag data
O&S
Hatchery O&M
Test fish/Survival
Satellite Fac.
CohoMonitor
Passage Ops.
PassageO&M
UmatillaBasinProj.
NaturalProductionM&E
Lamprey Res.
Migrant Data
MigrantAbundance &Timing
BiologicalData
MigrantData
Mods.
Relationship With Umatilla Basin Projects
Determine migration parameters and survivalof hatchery migrants
Determine abundance and timing of natural migrants& monitor trends in natural
production
Assess condition, health, size, growth, and smolt status of migrants
Investigate effects of river, canal, and fishway operations and environ. variables on migrants
Project Objectives
Evaluate survival between transported and in-river migrants
Document temporal distribution and diversity of resident fish
Operate the PIT-tag interrogation system at West Extension Canal
Design and install adult PIT-tag interrogationat Three Mile Falls Dam
Participate in basin planning and coordination
Project Objectives
Sample Tank
Fish Transfer Flume
River Return Pipe & Antennas
Transceiver
Enclosure
Computer
Recovery Tank
Bypass Pipe
Remote PIT tag Interrogation & Trapping
Methods:
Migration Patterns Hatchery vs. Natural Summer Steelhead
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
3/1
0
3/1
7
3/2
4
3/3
1
4/7
4/1
4
4/2
1
4/2
8
5/5
5/1
2
5/1
9
5/2
7
6/3
6/1
0
6/1
7
6/2
4
7/1
7/8
7/1
5
% P
AS
SA
GE
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
DIS
CH
ARG
E (
CFS
)
Natural
Hatchery
Discharge at RM2.1
2000
Migration PatternsSubyearling Fall Chinook Salmon
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
5/1
2
5/1
9
5/2
7
6/3
6/1
0
6/1
7
6/2
4
7/1
7/8
7/1
5
% P
ASSA
GE
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
DIS
CH
AR
GE (
cfs)
Natural
Hatchery
Discharge atRM 2.1
2001
In-basin Survival of Hatchery Migrants
(1999-2003)
Species Range Mean (%)
CHS 34.7-108.3 69.7 (±17.1)
CHF 53.5-110 74.3 (±28.7)
CHF0 53.4-112 74.8 (±12.0)
STS 40.4-85.8 57.8 (±14.4)
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Perc
ent
Surv
ival
to T
MF
Standard-transfer
Fall-transfer
In-Basin Survival of Hatchery Spring Chinook Salmon
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
2001 2002 2003
Perc
ent
Surv
ival
to T
MF Acclimated
Direct Release
* *
In-basin Survival of Hatchery Subyearling Fall Chinook Salmon
Reach Survival Index for Hatchery Summer Steelhead
05
101520253035404550556065
1998 1999 2000 2001
Year
Perc
ent
Tota
l D
etec
tion RM 79
RM 65RM 48RM 27RM 9
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
SpringChinook
Fall Chinook Coho Steelhead
Species
Num
ber
of
Fis
h
2001
20022003
Natural Smolt Abundance
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Abundance
Natural Steelhead Abundance1995-2003
*
Year
* RST
Smolt Yield per Spawner1998-2003
0
50
100
150
200
250
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Mean
NCHS
NCHFNSTS
Sm
olt
s /
Spaw
ner
Year
Annual Migration Timing of Natural-reared Spring Chinook Salmon
Date
0
5
10
15
20
25
3003/0
3
03/1
0
03/1
7
03/2
4
03/3
1
04/0
7
04/1
4
04/2
1
04/2
8
05/0
5
05/1
2
05/1
9
05/2
6
Date
Perc
ent
Pass
age
2001
2002
2003
Mean Fork Length at Emigrationof Natural Salmonids
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
CHS CHF STS
2001
2002
2003
Mean F
ork
Length
(m
m)
Year
101.2 mm
75.3 mm
173.2 mm
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age 1 Age 2 Age 3 Age 4
2003
Perc
ent
Age at Emigration
of Natural Steelhead
Subyearling Fall Chinook Migrants and River Flow
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
355
/12
5/1
9
5/2
7
6/3
6/1
0
6/1
7
6/2
4
7/1
7/8
7/1
5
2002
Perc
ent
Pass
age
050100150200250300350400450500
DIS
CH
AR
GE (
cfs)
WCH
Discharge atRM 2.1
Temp >17.5 °C
Flow < 300 cfs
Transport EvaluationSubyearling Fall Chinook Salmon
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
2001 2002
Trt Ctrl
Perc
ent
Dete
ctio
n
Juvenile Bypass EfficiencySpring Chinook Salmon
0.000
0.100
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
0.800
0.000 0.050 0.100 0.150 0.200 0.250
Diversion Rate
Tra
p E
ffici
ency
r2 = 0.598; P = 0.000 TE = 0.034 + 2.742* Diversion Rate
PIT Tag Equipment Upgrades at West Extension Canal
Before
After
Before
Paddle-style
Antennas
Hand wrapped
Antennas
Temporary
Transceivers
Stationary
Transceivers
PIT Tag Detection SystemThree Mile Falls Dam East
Current
–
Wier Wall Cut f orSheild and
Ant enna I ns er t
APPROX 9'
8'
14"
TOP V I EW
L OOKI NG UPSTREAM
F low
F iber Glas s C-c hannel f or
ant ennaguide
Proposed
Flow
Weir wallsAntenna
Summary
• Hatchery Production Groups
• Natural Production Success and Life Histories
• Flow Enhancement
• Passage Conditions & Strategies
Conclusions
• Migration patterns of hatchery fish were similar to patterns of natural fish, except in CHF0.
• In-basin performance of hatchery migrants has been poor and highly variable from year to year.
• No consistent pattern of in-basin survival of std-transferred vs. fall-transferred fish.
• CHF0 direct-released at RM 48.5 displayed improved survival over fish acclimated & released upstream (RM 73.5).
• Fish released lower in the river survived at a much higher rate.
• Average annual NSTS smolt production is 49,488.
• Smolt/spawner ratios as in-basin measures of productivity have been relatively low.
Conclusions
• Migration timing of natural migrants varied between species and years.
• Fall chinook salmon are leaving as subyearlings and steelhead at a broad distribution of ages.
• Subyearling fall chinook are emigrating during the critical low flow & high temperature period (June & July).
• The relationship btw environmental variables and passage timing has also been variable.
• The efficiency of the juvenile bypass is influenced by water temperature, river flow and canal diversion rate.
• PIT tag equipment at West Extension Canal was upgraded in 2003.
• Funding is currently being pursued to support installation of PIT tag equipment at Three Mile Falls Dam east.
Recommendations
• Continue monitoring hatchery production strategies via remote PIT tag interrogation.
• Release steelhead as low down in the system as possible while meeting other management objectives.
• Continue to monitor trends in natural abundance & changes in life history expression for natural species.
• Provide enhanced mid-summer flows in an effort to benefit natural CHF0 migrants & reduce fish transport.
• Monitor the relationship btw environmental variables river, canal and fishway operations on migrants.
• Implement improved PIT tag detection equipment at the east bank of Three Mile Falls Dam.