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EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF NORMAL SOWN WHEAT

Muhammad Yaseen KanjuB.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture

Supervisor: Dr. Abdul SattarDepartment of AGRONOMY

University College of Agriculture, BZU LAYYAH

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Scientific Name Tritium aesticum :

Family Poacaea

English Name Wheat

Local Name Kanak

Classification of WHEAT

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Wheat is grown by about 80 percent of farmers, and covers about 40% of the total cultivated area

(Grain and Feed Annual 2015, Pakistan)

Wheat Area Harvested by Province 2015

Punjab 6.84(mha).

Sindh 1.04(mha).

WHEAT

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Average yield

productionCountry

China

India

Italy

Pakistan

Yields t/ha 4.61

4.30

3.57

2.79

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Causes of low yield

• Non- Good seed. • Imbalance use of fertilizers• Weed Attack• Attack of diseases.• Plant population• Irrigation scheduling• Improper land preparation

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Sowing of wheat in 15th November onward

increases spike length, Number of spikelet’s per spike, plant height, grains weight and whole yield.

Wheat Not Grow in Time

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Wheat is sown in normal time on 220 million

hectares around the world with 564.6 million tons production,

Area that is under the normal sowing of wheat is Total wheat area: 6.719 million acres , which 76 per cent of the total production of food grains .

Nazir et al. (2000) & PAK-SCMS, (2013)

A Major Problem of Wheat Under Not Normal

Time

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Time planting of wheat and consequently temperature

is optimum and yields also increases ( Hall, 2001) Optimum mean temperature for wheat at grain filling

stage is 20-25ºC. (Dupont and Altenbach, 2014)

Increase of 1ºC than optimum reduced the yield up to 3-4%

(Wardlaw et al., 2015)

A Major Problem of Wheat Under Not

Normal Time

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Global climate models predict an increase in mean ambient

temperatures between 1.8 and 5.8oC by the end of this century

(IPCC, 2007) Future climates will also be affected by greater variability

in temperature and increased frequency of hot days (Semenov, 2009; Pittock, 2003) Trends in increasing growing season temperatures have

already been reported for the major wheat-producing regions

(Alexander et al., 2006; Hennessy et al., 2008)

A Major Problem of Wheat Under Not

Normal Time

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Even short period of high temperature (35–40ºC), during

grain filling, could have a negative effect on yield and quality (Ciaffi et al.,2008)

High temperature reduced both the grain growth duration and grain growth rate in wheat varieties.

(Viswanathan and Khanna-Chopra, 2009)

Temperatures >30oC, during floret formation, may cause complete sterility

(Farooq et al., 2011

A Major Problem of Wheat Under Not

Normal Time

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Role of Zinc

Zinc (Zn) is one of the essential micronutrients

It is needed by plants in small amounts, but yet crucial to plant development.

In plants, zinc is a key constituent of many enzymes and proteins.

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Zinc application create tolerance against

heat stress.

Zinc maintains the photosynthesis process and chlorophyll concentration increase and then finally grain yield increases.

ZINC

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Objective

To determine best sowing time with respect to changing climate over the world.

Identify the best Zn level and with respect to yield and quality of wheat grain.

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Materials &

Methods

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Experiment Site

Experimental site college of agriculture,

Layyah

Sowing time Nov 15

Cultivar Galaxy 2013

Design RCBD

Plot size 1.5m - 6.0m

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T1 No spray T2 Control [ Hydro ] T3 0.25% Zn T4 0.50 % Zn T5 0.75% T6 1.00%

Level oF Zinc Apply

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Recommended doses of Zn 0.25 % was

applied. Recommended Zn 0.50 %was applied. Recommended doses of Zn 0.75 % was

applied. Full doses of zn was applied on boting Crop was sown with the help of hand drill. keeping line to line distance of 22cm apart

Level oF Zinc Apply

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Parameters

Total Number of tillers (m-1)

Plant height at maturity (cm)

Spike length (cm)

Number of spikelet’s per spike

Number of grains per spike

1000-grain weight (g)

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Statistical analysis

The data collected for all the parameters will be

subjected to Fischer’s analysis of variance

techniques.

Analysis will be carried out by using the software

STATISTIX 8.1

Steel et al. (1997)

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References

Potarzycki, J. and W. Grzebisz, 2009, Maralian, H., 2009. Marschner, H., 1995.

5. Romheld, V. and H. Marachner 1995, Cakmak, I. and H. Marschner, 1986.

IZA., 2009. Cakmak, I., 2008. Rengel, Z. and R.D. Graham, 1995, Baskin, C.C. and J.M. Baskin, 1998. 15. Zeidan, M.S., 2001. Snedecor, G.W. and W.G. Cochran, 1990. Statistical, Potarzycki, J. and W. Grzebisz, 2009

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References

Zeidan, M.S. and O.A. Nofal, 2002. Gurmani, A.H., B.H. Shahani, M.A. Khan, 1988.

Maralian, H., 2009. Romheld, V. and H. Marachner 1995. Cakmak,

1997. IZA., 2009. Cakmak, I., 2008. WHO, 2002. World Health Report 2002:

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