EVALUATING PARTICIPATORY TECHNIQUES TO DEVELOP CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION PLAN OF

ACTION: NEPAL CASE STUDY

Chiranjeewee Khadka*1,2, Anju Upadhyaya3, Hima. D. Uprety3, Keshav Aryal 3, Pavel Cudlin1, Harald Vacik2 1Global Change Research Centre AS CR, České Budějovice, Czech Republic

2University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Silviculture 3Natural and Organization Resource Management Services (NORMS) Pvt. Ltd. Kathmandu, Nepal

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Study contexts: NAPA, LAPA and CAPA

Objectives of the study

Elements of CAPA for evaluating participatory techniques

CAPA preparation process, proposes and used participatory techniques

Performance of participatory techniques regarding the evaluation criteria

Conclusions

Recommendations

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Presentation flows

Study Context: NAPA, LAPA and CAPA

• Development of National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) for CC adaption in 2010

• Approval of the Local Adaptation Plan of Action (LAPA) for implementation at local and district level

• Launch of the Nepal Climate Change Support Programm

– Readiness Preparedness Proposal (REDD RPP) – Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR) – Community Based Adaptation Plan for Action(CAPA) at

Community Level

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Study Context Community based climate change

adaptation plan of action (CAPA) is a bottom-up planning, with integrating adaptation planning of both community based adaptation (CBA) and ecosystem based adaptation (EBA).

Community based adaptation (CBA) is a community-led process based on communities’ priorities, needs, ….

Ecosystem-based adaptation (EBA) is the expert-driven process of the use of biodiversity and ecosystem services…

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LAPA and CAPA

CAPA included the components of ecosystem and biodiversity parts

Promoting governance, information and communication, Monitoring and Evaluation

CAPA emphasis on community ownership and responsibility whereas LAPA emphasis on VDC

Supporting Innovation, Initiative and Enterprise

Study Contexts Study 1: Differential impacts

analysis for climate change adaptation: A case study from Kailali, Kaski and Gorkha districts of Nepal

Study 2: Community based Climate Change Adaptation Best Practices and Learning Documentation

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Objectives of the study • To assess and evaluate participatory tools and

techniques with regard to their potential to identify adaptation measures and to increase the resilience and adaptive capacity for communities living in forests

• To identify best and appropriate options of participatory tools, for ensuring stakeholder engagement and assessing climate impacts and ecosystem services

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Climate Signal Climate Change - Change in Temperature, Rainfall

User

Characteristics

Information &

technology

Biophysical

characteristics Institutional

arrangements

VULNERABILITY CONTEXT

Resilient

communities

/group and

household

Adaptive

capacity

Actors (women, men, poor, Dalit,

marginalized Janajati, & youth)

ADAPTATION ARENA (Individual, household, group)

Resources

Decision-making power

Conceptual Framework for the Study-IFPRI,2011

Distribution of Sample size

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SN Name of

Proposed

District

Number of

households

interview

(proposed)

Number of

households

interview

(conducted)

Number Key

informant

Number of

FGDs at

community

level

1 Kailali (TAL) 33 (40% of

most

vulnerable in a

district)

28 (35% of most

vulnerable in a

district, 10% in a

CAPA unit))

3 5 (30% of CAPA

in a district)

2 Gorkha (CHAL) 12 (40% of

most

vulnerable in a

district)

19 (65% of most

vulnerable in a

district, 10% in CAPA

unit))

3 2 (30% of CAPA

in a district)

3 Kaski (CHAL) 12 (40% of

most

vulnerable in a

district)

26 (65% of most

vulnerable in a

district, 10% in CAPA

unit)

3 2 (30% of CAPA

in a district)

4 National level 4

Total 57 (10% of

total most

vulnerable

HHs in CAPAs)

73 (13% of total

most vulnerable

HHs in district, 10%

in CAPA unit)

13 9 (10 % of total

CAPAs)

Elements of CAPA

Impacts and trade-off

Climatic signals

Capacity

Empowerment

Ecosystem functions

Forest

Water

Resources

Community

models Indigenours knowledge

local resources

Presentation flows:

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Process Propose Tools/Technique used

Climate change sensitization

Identification of causes of poverty and vulnerability, -

Identification of vulnerable ecosystem and human

community, Sensitization to community on climate

change

Vulnerability mapping, Climate hazard ranking,

Livelihood resource vulnerability assessment,,

stakeholder analysis, participatory well-being ranking,

Ecosystem vulnerability mapping

Vulnerability and adaptation assessment

Identify vulnerable wards, communities and

ecosystems

Ecosystem vulnerability mapping, Resource

mapping; timeline and seasonal calendar, Vulnerability

matrix

Prioritizing adaptation options

Identify climate vulnerable communities, households

and individuals in wards and villages, and ecosystem

vulnerability

Ecosystem vulnerability mapping, Hazard analysis /

trend mapping; Ecosystem Vulnerability mapping,

Climate hazard ranking

Identify adaptation practices and actions Hazard mapping; vulnerability mapping; resource

mapping

Support resource exploration and the efficient

mobilization of resources

Livelihood resource mapping, stakeholder analysis

Formulation of adaptation plan Prepare an adaptation plan. Best practices, PMERL

Formulation of participatory monitoring,

evaluation, reflection and learning plan

Prepare a monitoring plan Best practices, PMERL

Integrating LAPA into local to national planning, Implementing local adaptation plans and Assessing progress through monitoring

and evaluation

CAPA preparation process, propose, and used participatory tools and techniques

Performance of participatory methods regarding the evaluation criteria ( Scale -2,-1,0, 1, 2)

11 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25

Address the needs of most vulnerable population

Promote to identify local resources

Consider community's experiences and local adaptation initiatives

Promote to identify the vulnerable sites and units in the local area

Help to cause of poverty and vulnerability

Engagement of communities in defining the problems

Motivate community to develop solutions of their problems

Encourage the participation of disadvantaged and poor groups

Allow involving a high number of people and stakeholders

Allow to analyze of alternative adaptation measures

Encourage intigrated plan preparation

Allow quantitative data while analyzing

Encourage mainstreaming CAPA

Help to assess community scenarios and ecosystem assessment

Promote to identify the ecosystem services and service provides

Quantitative ratings for the performing methods for the CAPA

12

14

13

5

13

11

13

9

9

5

13

11

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Climate hazard mapping

Climatic hazard trend analysis

Seasonal calendar

Climate hazard ranking

Climate hazard impact assessment

Participatory well being ranking

Best practices

Stakeholder analysis

Ecosystem vulnerability mapping

Livelihood resource mapping

Livelihood resource vulnerability assessment

PMERL

Conclusions • Vulnerabilities are found more significant in different exposure,

access and control of resources, income and socio-economic and assets.

• Same community may need more specific or tailored questions and methods to identify and address similar issues.

• Local communities systematically assessed their local situation with respect to identify vulnerabiliy, livelihood, risk, and potential benefits and adaptation strategy.

• Project uses a ‘top‐down approach’ and usually involves infrastructure construction (e.g. embankments, road, irrigation) which may results in mal‐adaptation in the long‐run.

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Conclusions.... • Vulnerability context/assessment are weakly linked to impacts,

vulnerability and adaptive planning and a case of field studies • The appropriate methods and use of combined tools are

demanding for CCA • Lacking to identify and develop the range of short- to long-term

climate scenarios, trade-off analysis, synergy and adaptive management

• Climate hazard and vulnerability mapping and ranking, livelihood resource mapping and participatory well-being ranking are best and appropriate options for ensuring stakeholder engagement and assessing contexts.

• Lack of tools to analyze alternative adaptation measures, integrating climate change adaptation plan and mainstreaming CAPA to LAPA

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Recommendations • Tools used in adaptation plan should deal out risk and uncertainties along

identification of climate change scenarios, impacts, trade-off, synergy and sensitivity

• There is demand of greater scientific understanding of the causes and effects in order to respond and reduce the risks and build resilience and adaptive capacity. Hence there is a need to develop and structure the existing knowledge of CBA into a scientific approach.

• Identify and use of gender-sensitive tools and strategies for vulnerability and impact assessment are needed to ensure fully engagement and economic empowerment to women and vulnerable groups

• To identify appropriate methods to enhance the capacity building process of the most vulnerable groups and people to improve livelihoods

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Thank you for your attentions!

For further contact:

Dr. Chiranjeewee Khadka

CzechGlobe, Department of Carbon Storage in the Landscape,

Czech Republic

Email: khadka.c@czechglobe.cz; chiranjeewee@gmail.com

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