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Evalua&ng the Cash Cover Crop Pennycress for Resistance to Soybean Cyst Nematode Cody Hoerning¹, Katherine Frels¹, Senyu Chen², Donald L. Wyse¹, James Anderson¹, David Marks³ (1) Department of Agronomy and Plant GeneJcs, University of Minnesota (2) Southern Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota (3) Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota Introduc&on • Pennycress is being evaluated as a cash cover crop in a corn and soybean rotaJon to increase environmental protecJon and profitability in the system. • Soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines, SCN) is a damaging pest in soybean producJon, causing over $1 billion in yield loss annually. • In weed surveys pennycress has been shown to be a host to SCN. • Resistance to SCN may exist in diverse pennycress wild collecJon Results Table 1. Timeline of treatments for pennycress. The winter annual oilseed requires a vernalizaJon treatment of 21 days at 4°C , to break winter dormancy. Experimental Procedure Experimental Design Three cropping treatments • Spring-type pennycress: 41 lines • Winter-type pennycress: 78 lines • SuscepJble soybean: 2 (Sturdy and Williams 82) Nematode Popula&on • HG Type 0 Inocula&on level • 4,000 eggs per plant Vernaliza&on • Both winter and spring lines were vernalized. Shoot collec&on • Aboveground shoot biomass collected, dried, and recorded. Funding provided by the University of Minnesota Forever Green IniJaJve from the Minnesota Department of Agriculture. Rosece plants 35 days post-inoculaJon Timeline Dura&on Start-Pennycress planted into cones. Day 1 21 days in greenhouse Cones moved to growth chamber for vernaliza&on at 4°C. Day 21 21 days in growth chamber Soil inoculated and soybeans planted in cones. Day 42 35 days in greenhouse End-SCN females counted and shoot biomass collected. Day 77 --- Data Collec6on Conclusions Figure 1. Female Index values of SCN HG Type 0 (Race 3) on tested lines. SuscepJble soybean line Sturdy was used as the reference soybean to calculate Female Index. Error bars represent Standard Error. * The line indicates a FI value of 10, a value considered resistant in soybean. • Female index values ranged from 27 - 143 cysts per plant. • In soybean, a FI value < 10 is considered resistant. None of the lines in this study exhibited an FI value of that magnitude. • A FI value between 10-30 is considered moderately resistant. Line 39 exhibited an FI value of 27. • This study indicates that there are no major resistant genes evident in the pennycress lines tested. 2. Soil soluJon is poured over #20 and #60 sieves. 3. Cysts and debris from #60 sieve are rinsed into centrifuge tube with 76% sucrose. 4. Eggs are counted under microscope. 1. Soil from cones is decanted five Jmes to remove cysts from soil. SCN Germplasm Evalua&on HG Type 0 Material and Methods • Soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines, SCN) is a damaging pest in soybean producJon, causing over $1 billion in yield loss annually (Koenning and Wrather, 2010). • SCN management relies heavily on resistant culJvars, PI88788 source resistance is present in 95% of soybeans in the United States, and is rapidly breaking down. Due to this, SCN management is becoming increasingly difficult (Niblack et al., 2007; Joos et al., 2013). • In weed surveys pennycress has been shown to be a host to SCN (Venkatesh et al. 2000; Poromarto et al. 2015). • Pennycress is being evaluated as a cash cover crop in a corn and soybean rotaJon to increase environmental protecJon and profitability in the system. • Resistance to SCN may exist in diverse pennycress collecJon. Sta6s6cal Analysis • Total of 121 lines tested (N=121). • Six individual plants were analyzed for each line tested. • Female Index was calculated using the “Sturdy” suscepJble variety. • = Materials and Methods Cont. Pennycress seed pods References Koenning, S., and J.A. Wrather. 2010. Suppression of soybean yield potenJal in the conJnental United States by plant diseases from 2006 to 2009. Plant Heal. Prog. Niblack, T.L., P.R. Arelli, G.R. Noel, C.H. Opperman, J.H. Orf, D.P. Schmic, J.G. Shannon, and G.L. Tylka. 2002. A Revised ClassificaJon Scheme for GeneJcally Diverse PopulaJons of Heterodera glycines. J. Nematol. 34(4): 279–88 Poromarto, S.H., and B.D. Nelson. 2010. EvaluaJon of Northern-Grown Crops as Hosts of Soybean Cyst Nematode. Plant Heal. Prog. Venkatash, R., S.K. Harrison, and R.M. Riedal. 2000. Weed Hosts of Soybean Cyst Nematode ( Heterodera glycines ) in Ohio 1. Weed Technol. 14(1): 156–160. *

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Page 1: Evalua&ng the Cash Cover Crop Pennycress for Resistance to …forevergreen-umn.info/traditional_cover_crops/Pennycress... · 2018. 2. 22. · Evalua&ng the Cash Cover Crop Pennycress

Evalua&ngtheCashCoverCropPennycressforResistancetoSoybeanCystNematode

CodyHoerning¹,KatherineFrels¹,SenyuChen²,DonaldL.Wyse¹,JamesAnderson¹,DavidMarks³(1)DepartmentofAgronomyandPlantGeneJcs,UniversityofMinnesota(2)SouthernResearchandOutreachCenter,UniversityofMinnesota

(3)DepartmentofPlantBiology,UniversityofMinnesota

Introduc&on

•  PennycressisbeingevaluatedasacashcovercropinacornandsoybeanrotaJontoincreaseenvironmentalprotecJonandprofitabilityinthesystem.

•  Soybeancystnematode(Heteroderaglycines,SCN)isadamagingpestinsoybeanproducJon,causingover$1billioninyieldlossannually.

•  InweedsurveyspennycresshasbeenshowntobeahosttoSCN.•  ResistancetoSCNmayexistindiversepennycresswildcollecJon

Results

Table 1. Timeline of treatments for pennycress. The winter annual oilseedrequires a vernalizaJon treatment of 21 days at 4°C , to break winterdormancy.

ExperimentalProcedure

ExperimentalDesignThreecroppingtreatments•  Spring-typepennycress:41lines•  Winter-typepennycress:78lines•  SuscepJblesoybean:2(SturdyandWilliams82)NematodePopula&on•  HGType0Inocula&onlevel•  4,000eggsperplantVernaliza&on•  Bothwinterandspringlineswerevernalized.Shootcollec&on•  Abovegroundshootbiomasscollected,dried,andrecorded.

FundingprovidedbytheUniversityofMinnesotaForeverGreenIniJaJvefromtheMinnesotaDepartmentofAgriculture.

Roseceplants 35dayspost-inoculaJon

Timeline Dura&onStart-Pennycressplantedintocones.

Day1 21daysingreenhouse

Conesmovedtogrowthchamberforvernaliza&onat4°C.

Day21 21daysingrowthchamber

Soilinoculatedandsoybeansplantedincones.

Day42 35daysingreenhouse

End-SCNfemalescountedandshootbiomasscollected.

Day77 ---

DataCollec6on

Nematodecystsreportedcysts/plantAbove-coneplantbiomasscollectedandusedasacovariate

Conclusions

Figure1.FemaleIndexvaluesofSCNHGType0(Race3)ontestedlines.SuscepJblesoybeanlineSturdywasusedasthereferencesoybeantocalculateFemaleIndex.ErrorbarsrepresentStandardError.*ThelineindicatesaFIvalueof10,avalueconsideredresistantinsoybean.

•  Femaleindexvaluesrangedfrom27-143cystsperplant.•  Insoybean,aFIvalue<10isconsideredresistant.Noneofthelinesinthis

studyexhibitedanFIvalueofthatmagnitude.•  AFIvaluebetween10-30isconsideredmoderatelyresistant.Line39

exhibitedanFIvalueof27.•  Thisstudyindicatesthattherearenomajorresistantgenesevidentinthe

pennycresslinestested.

2.SoilsoluJonispouredover#20and#60sieves.

3.Cystsanddebrisfrom#60sieveare

rinsedintocentrifugetubewith

76%sucrose.

4.Eggsarecountedundermicroscope.

1.SoilfromconesisdecantedfiveJmestoremovecysts

fromsoil.

SCNGermplasmEvalua&onHGType0

MaterialandMethods

•  Soybeancystnematode(Heteroderaglycines,SCN)isadamagingpestinsoybeanproducJon,causingover$1billioninyieldlossannually(KoenningandWrather,2010).

•  SCNmanagementreliesheavilyonresistantculJvars,PI88788sourceresistanceispresentin95%ofsoybeansintheUnitedStates,andisrapidlybreakingdown.Duetothis,SCNmanagementisbecomingincreasinglydifficult(Niblacketal.,2007;Joosetal.,2013).

•  InweedsurveyspennycresshasbeenshowntobeahosttoSCN(Venkateshetal.2000;Poromartoetal.2015).

•  PennycressisbeingevaluatedasacashcovercropinacornandsoybeanrotaJontoincreaseenvironmentalprotecJonandprofitabilityinthesystem.

•  ResistancetoSCNmayexistindiversepennycresscollecJon.

Sta6s6calAnalysis•  Totalof121linestested(N=121).•  Sixindividualplantswereanalyzedforeachlinetested.•  FemaleIndexwascalculatedusingthe“Sturdy”suscepJblevariety.

• 𝐹𝐼= 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑥 100/ 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑠𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑦𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑛 "𝑆𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑑𝑦" 

MaterialsandMethodsCont.

Pennycressseedpods

ReferencesKoenning,S.,andJ.A.Wrather.2010.SuppressionofsoybeanyieldpotenJalintheconJnental

UnitedStatesbyplantdiseasesfrom2006to2009.PlantHeal.Prog.Niblack,T.L.,P.R.Arelli,G.R.Noel,C.H.Opperman,J.H.Orf,D.P.Schmic,J.G.Shannon,andG.L.

Tylka.2002.ARevisedClassificaJonSchemeforGeneJcallyDiversePopulaJonsofHeteroderaglycines.J.Nematol.34(4):279–88

Poromarto,S.H.,andB.D.Nelson.2010.EvaluaJonofNorthern-GrownCropsasHostsofSoybeanCystNematode.PlantHeal.Prog.

Venkatash,R.,S.K.Harrison,andR.M.Riedal.2000.WeedHostsofSoybeanCystNematode(Heteroderaglycines)inOhio1.WeedTechnol.14(1):156–160.

*

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