8/13/2019 EUSAIR

1/18

EUROPEAN COMMISSIONDIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR MARITIME DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR REGIONAL

AFFAIRS AND FISHERIES AND URBAN POLICYMARITIME POLICY MEDITERRANEAN MACRO-REGIONS AND EUROPEANAND BLACK SEA TERRITORIAL COOPERATION

DISCUSSION-PAPER

ONAEU STRATEGYFORTHEADRIATICANDIONIANREGION(EUSAIR)

AUGUST2013

I. INTRODUCTION

The European Council looks forward to the presentation by the European Commission of a new

EU Strategy for the Adriatic and Ionian Region (EUSAIR before the end of !"#$ #% The &aritime

Strategy for the Adriatic and Ionian Seas' adopted by the Commission on " )o*ember !"#! !'

will be one of the (main component of this broader macro+regional strategy for the Adriatic andIonian region' which will co*er also the hinterland% The EUSAIR , like the &aritime Strategy ,

concerns - countries. $ EU &ember States (Croatia' /reece' Italy' Slo*enia and $ non+EU

countries (Albania' 0osnia and 1er2ego*ina' &ontenegro' Serbia%

A macro+regional strategy for the Adriatic and Ionian region aims at bringing a new impetus for

co+operation and in*estment to the benefit of all in*ol*ed% There are many problems affecting the

region which can only be effecti*ely tackled through cooperation among the countries% 3ikewise'

there are also many opportunities for growth and 4obs which can only be sei2ed through a regional

approach% &oreo*er' the EUSAIR is intended to significantly contribute to the EU integration of

the candidate5potential candidate countries in the region%

6ollowing e7tensi*e consultations with stakeholders' analysis of technical data and the drafting of

an impact assessment , all to be concluded by end !"# , an EUSAIR draft Communication

accompanied by an Action 8lan should be adopted by the Commission during the first semester

!"#$ and submitted to the Council for adoption in the second semester%

The Action 8lan shall be de*eloped around areas of regional mutual interest' with high rele*ance

for the countries of the region% In turn' main ob4ecti*es and initiati*es should emerge as shared

aspirations and solutions to common challenges%

In the conte7t of the Communication on a &aritime Strategy for the Adriatic and Ionian Seas'

e7tensi*e consultations with stakeholders were held in Athens (#$ 6eb !"#!' Trieste (#!+# 9un

!"#!' 8ortoro2 (#: Sep !"#! and ;agreb ("< =ec !"#!% That has formed the basis for the

forthcoming macro+regional strategy which will be built around four thematic pillars that'

following a meeting of the EUSAIR )ational Contact 8oints held on # 9une !"# in Rome' ha*e

been tentati*ely named. >=ri*ing inno*ati*e maritime and marine growth>? >Connecting the

region>? >8reser*ing' protecting and impro*ing the @uality of the en*ironment>? >Increasing

regional attracti*eness> (see Section III% >Research' Inno*ation and small+and+medium+si2e

enterprises (S&E de*elopment> and >Capacity building> will be cross+cutting issues%

A maritime and marine focus may appear to pre*ail at this stage gi*en that the content of the

&aritime Strategys pillars ha*e been reshuffled in the EUSAIR as follows.

# European Council Conclusions of #!+# =ecember !"#!

! CB&(!"#! :# 6or the benefit of this discussion paper' hinterlandD is understood as any area de*eloping beyond the coastal

area%

#

8/13/2019 EUSAIR

2/18

+ the contents of pillar &a7imising the potential of the blue economyD ha*e been

mainstreamed in three EUSAIRs pillars as follows. a@uaculture' maritime clusters'

Research and Inno*ation' mobility and @ualification of the workforce ha*e been included

in =ri*ing inno*ati*e maritime and marine growthD? coastal and maritime transport is

embedded in Connecting the regionD? &aritime Spatial 8lanning and Integrated Coastal

;one &anagement are now included in 8reser*ing' protecting and impro*ing the @ualityof the en*ironmentD?

+ the pillar 1ealthier marine en*ironmentD has been fully embedded in the EUSAIRs pillar

8reser*ing' protecting and impro*ing the @uality of the en*ironmentD?

+ the pillar A safer and more secure maritime spaceD has been included in the EUSAIRs

pillar Connecting the regionD?

+ the pillar Sustainable and responsible fishing acti*itiesD is now included in the EUSAIRs

pillar =ri*ing inno*ati*e maritime and marine growthD%

Indeed' this will not pre+empt to widen and e7tend the scope of the Action 8lan beyond the coastal

line' without disregarding it' as far as the works and consultations will progress%

In order to de*elop the EUSAIR Action 8lan' $ orking /roups (one per pillar will be set up'

each of them coordinated by an EU &ember State in association with a non+EU country' as

follows.

EUSAIR - Work!" Gro#$%

P&&'r WG Coor!'or%

#% =ri*ing inno*ati*e maritime and marine

growth

/reece' together with &ontenegro

!% Connecting the region Italy' together with Serbia

% 8reser*ing' protecting and impro*ing the

@uality of the en*ironment

Slo*enia' together with 0osnia and

1er2ego*ina

$% Increasing regional attracti*eness Croatia' together with Albania

Each orking /roup will in*ol*e representati*es from the - participating countries% In the period

September+=ecember !"#' the orking /roups will conduct e7tensi*e stakeholder consultations

in the Region%

The present discussion paper aims at inspiring and guiding the stakeholder consultation process.

II. SCOPEANDO*+ECTI,ES(preliminary outline of the strategy)

G!r'& o/promote sustainable economic and social prosperity of the Adriatic and Ionian

region through growth and 4obs creation' by impro*ing its attracti*eness' competiti*eness and

connecti*ity while at the same time preser*ing the en*ironment and ensuring healthy and balanced

marine and coastal ecosystems%

So$the strategy should focus on areas of (&acro regional mutual interest with high rele*ancefor the Adriatic and Ionian countries% &ain priority areas and ob4ecti*es of the Action 8lan should

emerge as shared aspirations and sustainable solutions to common challenges%

!

8/13/2019 EUSAIR

3/18

The general ob4ecti*e abo*e will be attained through $ thematic pillars$%

#% =ri*ing inno*ati*e m aritime and marine growth

8romoting sustainable economic growth and 4obs as well as business opportunities creation

from blue economy sectors (such as. a@uaculture' fisheries' blue biotechnologies' marine

and maritime ser*ices' etc%%!% Connecting the region

Connecting the macro+region and reducing the remoteness of island and rural communities

by impro*ing the go*ernance of inland and sea corridors (including the interoperability of

transport modes and energy networks and by de*eloping en*ironment+friendly modes of

transport and energy supply%

% 8reser*ing' protecting and impro*ing the @uality of the en*ironment%

Impro*ing the en*ironmental @uality of the regional ecosystems and preser*ing their

biodi*ersity? protecting human health? prudent and rational utilisation of natural resources?

ensure en*ironmental integration within the strategy%$% Increasing regional attracti*eness

Increasing tourist attracti*eness of the region by supporting the sustainable de*elopment of

inland' coastal and maritime tourism and the preser*ation and promotion of culture

heritage by' inter alia' impro*ing the @uality of tourist ser*ices and promoting common

regional brandingF' while reducing seasonality demand and limiting its en*ironmental

footprint%

&oreo*er' >Research' inno*ation and S&Es de*elopment>' as well as >Capacity 0uilding> are two

cross+cutting aspects which will come across each and e*ery pillar%

The achie*ement of the general ob4ecti*e would re@uire' inter alia. administrati*e simplificationand harmonisation? good go*ernance? mutual recognition of key common rules? identification of

skills needs and related *ocational training' education and life+long learning? research'

technological de*elopment and inno*ation' including smart speciali2ation' and de*elopment of

transnational networks and clusters (e%g% maritime clusters' low carbon technologies'

en*ironmental standards' smart and climate+proofed infrastructures and integration of climate

mitigation issues? and a @ualified and mobile workforce%

III DESCRIPTION OF THE PIARS (tentative structure and indicative list of

challenges/objectives)

1% P&&'r Dr!" !!o' 4'r4 '! 4'r! "ro56

Problem statement

The Adriatic and Ionian region remains short on clustering and e7ploiting the ad*antages of

cooperation and collaboration in full e7tent% There is a need to support and de*elop a business

resource efficient cultureD in the region through the acti*e in*ol*ement of multiple stakeholders

and greater interrelation of business' research and the public sector% Some key sectors , such as

$ 6our pillars indicati*e structure agreed between the - &inisters of 6oreign Affairs and Commissioner9ohannes 1ahn on )o*ember !"#!%

F E%g% under the umbrella of European =estination Europe

8/13/2019 EUSAIR

4/18

shipbuilding' the boating industry and logistics , risk losing competiti*e le*erage while others'

such as blue bio+technologies' need to de*elop their full potential%

The Adriatic and Ionian Seas should be seen as a trigger of inno*ation and growth and bridges

among people and countries% Their resources can play a crucial role in both economic reco*ery of

EU countries and the integration process of candidate and potential candidate countries% In turn'

this means to ma7imi2e sustainable economic growth and 4obs and business opportunities creation

from blue economy sectors' such as a@uaculture' fisheries and seafood processing' biosecurity'

blue biotechnologies' marine e@uipment' boating' shipping and other maritime ser*ices%

6isheries represent an endogenous economic resource for the Adriatic and Ionian coastal areas and

their inhabitants% The predominance of small+scale fisheries at sea basin le*el has important social'

economic and ecological implications on coastal communities% /i*en that some resources are

shared' a le*el playing field and a higher international collaboration and stakeholders in*ol*ement

should be pursued in fishery planning and management% 0y analogy' in the field of control'

monitoring and sur*eillance' the culture of compliance needs to increase and the transfer of

information to be facilitated in order to complete the shift towards sustainable and responsible

fisheries in the sea basin%

The de*elopment of a strong' high+@uality a@uaculture sector that is en*ironmentally and

economically sustainable has the potential to contribute to the creation of 4obs and to the supply of

healthy food products' respecting the EU and international rules% A@uaculture can also alle*iate

fishing pressure and thus help to preser*e fish stocks% A number of barriers pre*ent the

de*elopment of the full potential of EU a@uaculture. limited access to space and licensing?

industry fragmentation? limited access to seed capital or loans for inno*ation? time+consuming

administrati*e procedures and red tape%

0uilding on the e7isting framework for scientific cooperation on fishery

8/13/2019 EUSAIR

5/18

!% 0oosting blue research' inno*ation and skills

Assisting interregional collaborati*e processes among pri*ate' research and public sector

(also in connection with smart cities de*elopment' aimed at e7ploiting research results'

de*elop technological and inno*ati*e capacities and create and e7ploit knowledge%

Stimulating the de*elopment of maritime clusters and research networks' as well as theformulation of research strategies to de*elop blue bio+technologies and spur inno*ation in

fisheries' a@uaculture' biosecurity' blue energy' seabed mining' marine e@uipment' boating

and shipping%

Assisting to adapt fishery methods and gears to the new obligations deri*ing from the

Common 6ishery 8olicy reform%

8erforming regular stock assessment for mi7ed fisheries in the Adriatic and Ionian Sea

within a precautionary and ecosystem approach to fisheries management (state of stocks'

fishing pressure le*els' catch5discards composition' habitat mapping' genetics' tagging'

etc%' in close cooperation with 6AB and /6C& initiati*es' as well as with the Regional

Ad*isory Council for the &editerranean (RAC&E=% Establishing Adriatic+Ionian technological platforms for collaboration amongst the

scientific community' public authorities and seafood industries and operators in the area of

a@uaculture (e%g% to de*elop new fish feed formulations and test their en*ironmental effects

and clinical5sanitary aspects? to study new5emerging species for a@uaculture' with a greater

potential for processing into *alue+added products? to promote selecti*e breeding%

Establishing Adriatic+Ionian technological platforms for collaboration amongst the

scientific community' public authorities and maritime industries on areas such as boating'

shipping and marine e@uipment%

Increasing the academic and professional mobility and the le*el of @ualification of the

workforce' including taking into account transparency and frameworks of @ualifications

(notably with regard to candidate and potential candidate countries%

% 0uilding capacity to implement the EU acquis on fisheries

Ensuring full compliance to EU fisheries legislation in candidate5potential candidate

countries (e%g% through I8A%

2! P&&'r Co!!!" 6 R"o!

Problem statement

/i*en their position both on the cross+roads of east+west and north+south a7es of Europe' theAdriatic and Ionian Seas constitute an important transport route for goods' passengers and energy%

Se*eral central European and landlocked countries depend hea*ily on the ports of the macro+

region for their e7ports and imports% The competiti*eness of those ports depends' amongst others'

on their capacity to enhance interoperability of transport modes by integrating sea+borne' inland

water+borne and land transport' including TE)+T (Trans European )etworks ,Transport' and to

adapt towards resource efficient and en*ironmentally friendly management models% The Adriatic

&otorway of the Sea: e7emplifies efforts to pro*ide a *iable' reliable and competiti*e transport

ser*ice of goods and passengers through a trans+European multimodal transport system%

: It is included in the &otorway of the Sea of south+east Europe' which connects Adriatic and Ionian Seas to

the South+East &editerranean Sea%

F

8/13/2019 EUSAIR

6/18

The shipping industry' a strong asset of countries in the macro+region' could ser*e as a basis for

further economic de*elopment% Rigorous implementation of the EU and international rules will

e*entually contribute to the de*elopment of @uality shipping' resulting in a le*el playing field'

encourage mobility and progressi*ely prepare candidate and potential candidate countries for

accession to the EU% The establishment of a culture of compliance with e7isting EU and

international rules shall be pursued%

There are also more passenger shipsG crossings per year compared to other regions' e*en if there is

still a gap in terms of regular international maritime passenger transport ser*ices' while oil and gas

transportation is increasing% 0eyond commercial maritime traffic' the Adriatic and Ionian Seas are

also used by criminal networks engaged in irregular migration and other illegal trafficking%

Sustainable and safe land and sea+borne connections are fundamental to strengthen social and

commercial links across and outside the Adriatic and Ionian region and are critical to preser*e the

*itality of remote communities%

The Adriatic+Ionian region is an important cross road for energy issues% Energy infrastructures

need be de*eloped and optimised in the area (e%g% Genergy gas corridorsG' based on

intergo*ernmental memoranda of understanding%

In the coming years' no significant new source of gas supply in south+east Europe is foreseeable%

Therefore' creating solid market conditions in this area will be necessary in order to a*oid

monopoly pricing by dominant suppliers% In the absence of large new @uantities of gas' and also of

large new infrastructures (like )abucco est' the countries of the region will ha*e to optimise

the assets they ha*e and those which will be built under the 8ro4ects of Common Interest

programme' and also other programmes%

In addition' the Energy Community Ring concept will allow the region to increase cooperation on

energy infrastructure pro4ects taking into account cross+sectorial aspects (en*ironment' transport'

maritime affairs% 3inks between gas pipelines are also about to be e7plored (Trans Adriatic8ipeline and the planned Ionian Adriatic 8ipeline%

This pillar intends to address regional gaps and barriers by remo*ing bottlenecks in key transport

and energy infrastructures% It will focus on the go*ernance of inland and sea corridors and the

interoperability of transport modes%

Specific challenges/objectives:

Bptimi2ing interfaces' procedures and infrastructure to facilitate trade with southern'

central and eastern Europe' also by ensuring the rapid implementation of a maritime

transport space without barriers%

Impro*ing hinterland connections of seaports to TE)+T and enforcing the de*elopment of

intermodality in the Adriatic+Ionian region through the establishment of freight *illages

and land corridors%

Enhancing cooperation between national or regional maritime authorities with the EU'

establishing mechanisms to enable maritime traffic information e7change between national

HT&IS systems through SafeSea)et' notably for candidate and potential candidate

countries%

Impro*ing the culture of compliance in flag and port state control' liability and insurance

of shipping' accident in*estigation and port security%

=e*eloping modern security technologies in the ports of the region%

Reducing isolation of islands and remote areas by impro*ing their access to transport and

energy ser*ices%

8/13/2019 EUSAIR

7/18

Increasing efficiency and reducing the en*ironmental impact of transport systems' notably

by pro*iding alternati*e' sustainable and en*ironmentally friendly' combined transport

solutions%

&inimisation of pollution from ship traffic' in particular oil' emissions to air and litter%

Continuing impro*ing sub+regional cooperation and monitoring the e7isting mechanisms'

as regards pre*ention' preparedness and coordinated response to ma4or oil spills%

Increasing the resilience of infrastructure to natural and man+made disasters (including the

accompanying coastal de*elopment and infrastructure%

Addressing energy dimension' as far as a macro+regional approach may facilitate a positi*e

impact on accessibility' energy efficiency and en*ironment%

8reser*ing security of en*ironment during transport of dangerous goods and acti*ities

related to the energy sector%

=e*eloping en*ironment+friendly fuels in marine transport as well as implementation of

renewable energy sources%

Creating energy seasonal balancing opportunities%

Regulatory reform and rationalisation at each energy interconnection point in the regional

system%

!esearch" innovation and S#$ development and %apacit& building

Stimulating the setup of maritime clusters' platforms and research networks as well as the

formulation of a research strategy to spur inno*ation in maritime transport and

sur*eillance' including energy sa*ing and efficiency in the nautical sector' smart transport

systems' freight tracking%

E7ploring the setup of specific inno*ati*e financial instruments supporting research'

inno*ation and S&E de*elopment in the pillarGs areas% Increasing the academic and professional mobility and the le*el of @ualification of the

workforce' including taking into account transparency and frameworks of @ualifications

(notably with regard to candidate and potential candidate countries%

=e*eloping low carbon transport systems. transforming the challenge of decarbonisation in

a dri*er for inno*ation' by de*eloping the clean economy and the renewable marine energy

sources (wa*es' seawater streams%

Supporting capacity building in safety and security matters in national and regional

administrations' in particular in candidate5potential candidate countries%

Encouraging the de*elopment of decision support systems' accident response capacities

and contingency plans%

8romoting the adoption of e+ser*ices and e+go*ernment solutions' including open data

production and use%

3r P&&'r Pr%r!"7 $ro!" '! 4$ro!" 6 8#'&9 o: 6

!ro!4!

Problem statement

The Adriatic and Ionian coastal and marine en*ironment host a high di*ersity of habitats and

species% The combined action of high anthropogenic pressure and topographic characteristics

make these habitats highly susceptible to pollution' but also affects the conser*ation of the rich

cultural heritage of the region% Cooperation between coastal stakes takes place within the

:

8/13/2019 EUSAIR

8/18

regulatory frameworks of the &arine Strategy 6ramework =irecti*e' the 0arcelona Con*ention

and its protocols' as well as the 9oint Commission for the 8rotection of the Adriatic Sea and its

Coastal Areas%

A significant impact on the Adriatic Sea comes from ri*er runoff% Roughly one+third of the

&editerraneanGs continental water flows into the northern and central Adriatic Sea% Resulting

eutrophication is one of the main threats to this area % Implementing the pro*isions of the ater

6ramework =irecti*e and reducing nitrate emissions from agriculture is thus rele*ant to achie*ing

good en*ironmental status of the marine en*ironment%

&arine litter often poses significant risks to marine life% The ma4or sources of the litter are land+

based acti*ities. household waste' releases from touristic facilities and run+off from waste dumps%

The sea basin is also characteri2ed by intensi*e maritime transport' which implies ships and port

emissions' noise pollution (disturbance for marine mammals' risks of accidents and the

introduction of in*asi*e alien species through ballast water discharges%

The increased economic use of the marine and coastal space has intensified the pressures on

marine and coastal en*ironment as well as competition for space on one hand' while on the otherthere is a growing awareness of functional relationship between maritime' coastal and hinterland

acti*ities and important role of maritime economy for continental parts% In this conte7t'

coordination and harmoni2ation of approaches related to Integrated Coastal ;one &anagement

(IC;& and &arine Spatial 8lanning (&S8 need further elaboration in order to be efficiently

implemented-%

Bne of the growing challenges to sensiti*e and *ulnerable marine ecosystem is adaptation to

climate change% Climate+proofed infrastructures and integration of climate mitigation issues can

mainly be treated in this pillar% In April !"#' the EU Strategy on Adaptation to Climate Change

has been adopted which encourages' among others' the de*elopment of macro+regional and local

adaptation strategies based on risk and *ulnerability assessment% A more effecti*e and coordinatedapproach to the challenges of climate change should be facilitated within the EUSAIR%

3oss of biodi*ersity due to degradation and loss of habitats lead to loss of *aluable ecosystem

goods and ser*ices they pro*ide' affecting the o*erall @uality of en*ironmental health%

This pillar will focus on implementing cross+sector dialogue and initiati*es aiming at impro*ing

the en*ironmental @uality of the regional ecosystems and preser*ing their biodi*ersity? protecting

human health? prudent and rational utilisation of natural resources? ensure en*ironmental

integration within the strategy as well as implementation of tools for balanced management of

marine resources and coastal areas%

Specific challenges/objectives:

Addressing eutrophication (mainly in the Adriatic Sea by transnational coordinated

actions on both point sources (e%g% nutrients and nitrogen discharges from municipal waste

and wastewater treatment facilities or industries and diffuse sources (e%g% nitrates from

agriculture and by enhancing the recycling of nutrients%

8reser*ing biodi*ersity' habitats and ecosystems and their ser*ices by implementing the

European ecological network )atura !""" and managing it' considering also related work

within the 0arcelona Con*ention%

=ealing with In*asi*e Alien Species% Ensuring good en*ironmental and ecological status

of the marine and coastal en*ironment by !"!" in line with the rele*ant EU acquis and the

Ecosystem Approach of the 0arcelona Con*ention%

- The 8riority Action 8lan of U)E85&A8 plays an important role in supporting IC;& by &editerranean

countries implementing the IC;& 8rotocol of the 0arcelona Con*ention%

-

8/13/2019 EUSAIR

9/18

Reducing marine litter' including through cleaning programmes and better waste

management in coastal areas%

Impro*ing harmonisation and coordination in &S8 and IC;&' also by facilitating related

conflict resolution between local and national or supranational approaches% Supporting

waste and waste water management' in particular in urban areas along the coast and ri*ers%

8reser*ing and impro*ing coastal en*ironmental @uality by protecting cultural and naturalheritage such as coastal and maritime cultural landscapes' including from the impact of

climate change%

!esearch" innovation and S#$ development and %apacit& building

Strengthen interregional cooperation of research and inno*ation stakeholders (pri*ate'

research and public sector by means of e7isting and new cluster+type cooperation

initiati*es in order to de*elop missing monitoring tools for the identification of sensiti*e

areas and areas important for the protection of biodi*ersity' for the determination of

ecological status indicators' for de*eloping management plans for migratory marine

species% Strengthening cooperation and e7change of best practices among managing authorities of

&arine 8rotected Areas aiming to impro*e capacity to preser*e biodi*ersity and

ecosystems%

Increase cooperation in marine research on issues regarding impact of climate change on

coastal areas and marine ecosystems%

Introducing integrated coastal 2ones management and maritime spatial planning through

e7change of best practices' comparing methodologies and pursuing a participati*e process

of collaboration%

=e*eloping planning capacity on adaptation to climate change at regional and local le*el

and encouraging the de*elopment of a macro+regional climate adaptation strategy based on

risk and *ulnerability assessments%

E7ploring the links with rele*ant 1ori2on !"!" research agendas (i%e% maritime research

and biotechnology research%

Increasing the academic and professional mobility and the le*el of @ualification of the

workforce' including taking into account transparency and frameworks of @ualifications

(notably with regard to candidate and potential candidate countries%

;6 P&&'r I!r'%!" r"o!'& 'r'!%%

Problem statement

Tourism is economically significant as one of the main and fast+growing acti*ities% In many

cases' it is the economic backbone of coastal regions and' increasingly so' the hinterland as well%

hen properly de*eloped by enhancing local knowledge and safeguarding natural and cultural

di*ersity' it strongly benefits the regional economy by creating @uality and sustainable 4obs and

promoting the conser*ation of its cultural heritage% It can be a dri*er for growth and employment

in remote areas (e%g% islands' rural and mountain areas and areas with otherwise limited economic

acti*ities' contributing to promote social inclusion and interesting opportunities for youth

employment#"% 1owe*er' proper management of intensi*e tourism acti*ities is fundamental in

U)TB e7pects the number of tourist arri*als worldwide to increase by % J on a*erage per year until

!""% See further U)TB highlights !"#! edition at %U)TB%org% Europe accounts for o*er half of theinternational arri*als' is the fastest growing region%

#" E%g%. Calypso EU initiati*e and platform (www%ecalypso%eu

http://www.unwto.org/http://www.unwto.org/

8/13/2019 EUSAIR

10/18

order to mitigate possible negati*e effects on the coastal' marine' and hinterland en*ironment on

which it strongly depends%

The cruise sector alone is showing a strong potential for growth% B*er the past #" years' the

demand for cruising has roughly doubled worldwide% This is reflected in the Adriatic and Ionian

area which is already seeing rapid growth% 1owe*er' to locally capture the economic benefits and

mitigate the possible negati*e effects of short and massi*e tourist arri*als' cruise sector should be

better integrated in the tourist offer of the Adriatic+Ionian territories%

&oreo*er' cultural and archaeological heritage in the region represents a strong asset which

should be duly e7ploited% Alternati*e or inno*ati*e and sustainable forms of tourism (e%g% sports'

eco' cultural' nautical' thermal' rural' religion' scholastic' business' etc% and their integration with

festi*als and creati*e industries ha*e also interesting potential for de*elopment%

Trans+border co+operation within the strategy does also offer possibilities for de*eloping the

hinterland of coastal areas (e%g% by targeting rural areas' or through 4oint identification and

promotion of transnational thematic tourist products and routes%9oint action in that area should be

based on an analysis of large+scale spatial de*elopment tourism trends and its potential impact on

the wider socio+economic de*elopment' as well as on systematic e7change of know+how% /i*en

the importance of maritime and coastal tourism within the tourism sector and in the framework of

the Integrated &aritime 8olicy' the Commission has been starting the de*elopment of an

integrated strategy for coastal and maritime tourism through two main policy documents' in line

with Europe !"!" ob4ecti*es##%This would ensure a stronger focus and clearer prioriti2ation of the

actions and pro4ects in tourism acti*ity%

The tourism sector is facing constant challenges to inno*ate and impro*e its competiti*eness% The

macro+regional strategy should help tourism stakeholders to tackle internal and e7ternal challenges

such as increasing competition from other destinations' seasonality' growing re@uests for

customi2ed e7periences% 0est practice in particular on the de*elopment of regional clusters and

di*ersification should inspire local communities (e%g% coastal' rural and urban in de*eloping theirintegrated territorial de*elopment action plans%

A macro+regional approach to coastal' maritime and other forms of tourism could be an incenti*e

to strengthen go*ernance and to mobili2e participation of pri*ate actors and International

6inancial Institutions%

Specific challenges/objectives:

Capitalising on e7isting tools and initiati*es in the framework of EU tourism policy#!%

Supporting the sustainable de*elopment of coastal' maritime and hinterland tourism while

reducing seasonality of demand' limiting its en*ironmental footprint and taking into

consideration the impacts of a changing climate#

% 8romoting the sustainable de*elopment of cruise and nautical tourism% Establishing links

of those forms of tourism with other forms of regional economic de*elopment%

Enhancing the *alue and appreciation of culture and natural heritage' also including links

with the de*elopment of creati*e enterprise and ser*ices%

Encouraging inno*ation' clustering and de*eloping of new common marketing strategies

and products' including tourist promotion through common branding%

## CB&(!"#" F! Tourism Communication (action #

# The European Tourism Indicator System , ETIS' for the sustainable management at destination le*el

#"

8/13/2019 EUSAIR

11/18

Impro*ing coordinated go*ernance in the tourism sector among pri*ate and public entities%

Enhancing and impro*ing safety and security of all tourism products' especially di*ing'

sailing and ad*enture tourism type of products%

Impro*ing @uality management and sustainability' e%g% through the European Tourism

Kuality label (ETK or other 4oint labels' as well as the promotion of ser*ice inno*ation

(e%g% through the use of ICT%

=e*eloping the links between health tourism and acti*e ageing (3ife+science industry#$%

8romoting tourism acti*ities and ser*ices based on local products (agro and sea foods'

cultures and *alues' to support acti*e social inclusion and opportunities for youth in remote

areas and areas e7posed to demographic changes%

!esearch" innovation and S#$ development and %apacit& building

6ostering competiti*eness of tourism S&Es' impro*ing @uality of tourism ser*ices and

supporting inno*ation%

Stimulating Smart Specialisation and Smart communities (and coherence amongst Smartstrategies through the creation of Adriatic+Ionian thematic tourism platforms (including

resources efficiency in the tourism sector for collaboration amongst the scientific

community' public authorities and businesses' as well as the formulation of research and

inno*ation strategies to spur inno*ation and creati*ity in the tourism and cultural sectors%

Increasing the academic and professional mobility and the le*el of @ualification5skills of

the workforce' including taking into account transparency and frameworks of

@ualifications (notably with regard to candidate and potential candidate countries%

6acilitating inter+cluster and inter+platform connecti*ity%

6acilitating networking and mobility of artists and cultural operators in the frame of

contemporary production and creati*e industries' as festi*als% 8romoting e7change of e7periences on education' skill de*elopment and lifelong learning

for tourist and cultural operators%

LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

#$ E%g%. A/E platform (http.55www%age+platform%eu5

##

8/13/2019 EUSAIR

12/18

8/13/2019 EUSAIR

13/18

National Contact Points

Albania Mr. AgimPas!lli

H"a# !$ R"gi!nal Ini%ia%i&"sD"'ar%m"n% an# Na%i!nal

C!!r#ina%!r !$ F!(al P!in% !$AlbaniaMinis%r) !$ F!r"ign A$$airs

B*l"&ar#i +G,"rg, Fis%a+ Tirana Albania

T"l./0122 34536337

agim.'as!lli8m$a.g!&.al

B!snia-H"r9"g!&ina

Mr. I&anOrli(

Ambassa#!r MFA !$ B!snia an#H"r9"g!&inaMinis%r) !$ F!r"ign A$$airs

M*sala 4 Sara,"&!B!snia an# H"r9"g!&ina

T"l./0137 11 43:-::60137 11 43:-11:

i&an.!rli(8m&'.g!&.ba

Cr!a%ia Mr. Hr&!,"Mar*;iagr"b

T"l./0132 : :577Fa/0132 : :5 @5

li#i,a.mr?!(i8m's.r

Mari%im" A$$airs Ms. Ma,aMar?!&Ki

Mari%im" A$$airs Mr. BranimirFar?a;

Minis%r) !$ Mari%im"A$$airs Trans'!r% an#In$ras%r*(%*r"

Prisa&l," :6:5 555 >agr"b

T"l./0132 : :@ 575Fa/0132 : :@2 @2

branimir.$ar?as8'!m!rs%&!.r

Trans'!r% Ms. a%arina!' Ba,#"

Minis%r) !$ Mari%im"A$$airs Trans'!r% an#In$ras%r*(%*r" Dir"(%!r -

Dir"(%!ra%" !$ S%ra%"gi(In$ras%r*(%*r" Ob,"(%s

Prisa&l," :6:5 555 >agr"b

T"l./0132 : 1731 @:1

?a%arina.(!'ba,#"8mm'i.r

En&ir!nm"n% Ms San#raTr!;"l,S%ani;iagr"b

T"l./0132 : 2: 4:1 6@@Fa/0132 : 2: 4:6 146

San#ra.%r!s"l,-s%anisi(8m9!i'.r

Na%*r" Ms. Ana!ba;liagr"b

T"l./0132 : 63:42Fa/0132 : 63:55

ana.?!basli(8m9!i'.r

Na%*r" Ms. I&na*?;iagr"b

T"l./0132 : 63:3Fa/

0132 : 63:55

i&na.&*?si(8m9!i'.r

T!*rism Ms. Blan?aB"l!;"&iagr"b

T"l./0132 : 1734:64Fa/0132 : 1734:24

na%asa.ra*(8mgi'*.r

S(i"n(" E#*(a%i!nan# S'!r%

S%a;a S?"ni< Minis%r) !$ S(i"n("E#*(a%i!n an# S'!r%H"a# !$ S"(%!r $!rIn%"rna%i!nal

C!!'"ra%i!n

D!n," S&"%i(" 13:5 555 >agr"b

T"l./0132 : 62@612@

s%asa.s?"n9i(8m9!s.r

#$

mailto:miro.kucic@mps.hrmailto:lidija.mrkoci@mps.hrmailto:maja.markovcic@pomorstvo.hrmailto:maja.markovcic@pomorstvo.hrmailto:branimir.farkas@pomorstvo.hrmailto:branimir.farkas@pomorstvo.hrmailto:katarina.copbajde@mmpi.hrmailto:Sandra.troselj-stanisic@mzoip.hrmailto:Sandra.troselj-stanisic@mzoip.hrmailto:martina.vazdar@mzoip.hrmailto:ana.kobaslic@mzoip.hrmailto:martina.vazdar@mzoip.hrmailto:ivna.vuksic@mzoip.hrmailto:Blanka.Belosevic@mint.hrmailto:Blanka.Belosevic@mint.hrmailto:Blanka.Belosevic@mint.hrmailto:Blanka.Belosevic@mint.hrmailto:Blanka.Belosevic@mint.hrmailto:senka.daniel@mint.hrmailto:kresimir.ivancic@mrrfeu.hrmailto:gordana.kovacevic@mgipu.hrmailto:gordana.kovacevic@mgipu.hrmailto:natasa.rauch@mgipu.hrmailto:stasa.skenzic@mzos.hrmailto:miro.kucic@mps.hrmailto:lidija.mrkoci@mps.hrmailto:maja.markovcic@pomorstvo.hrmailto:maja.markovcic@pomorstvo.hrmailto:branimir.farkas@pomorstvo.hrmailto:branimir.farkas@pomorstvo.hrmailto:katarina.copbajde@mmpi.hrmailto:Sandra.troselj-stanisic@mzoip.hrmailto:Sandra.troselj-stanisic@mzoip.hrmailto:martina.vazdar@mzoip.hrmailto:ana.kobaslic@mzoip.hrmailto:martina.vazdar@mzoip.hrmailto:ivna.vuksic@mzoip.hrmailto:Blanka.Belosevic@mint.hrmailto:Blanka.Belosevic@mint.hrmailto:Blanka.Belosevic@mint.hrmailto:Blanka.Belosevic@mint.hrmailto:senka.daniel@mint.hrmailto:kresimir.ivancic@mrrfeu.hrmailto:gordana.kovacevic@mgipu.hrmailto:gordana.kovacevic@mgipu.hrmailto:natasa.rauch@mgipu.hrmailto:stasa.skenzic@mzos.hr

8/13/2019 EUSAIR

15/18

C!m'"%i%i&"n"ss Mari,aRa,a?!&iagr"b

T"l./0132 : :5:35Fa/0132 : :5@::3

mari,a.ra,a?!&i(8ming!.r

C!m'"%i%i&"n"ss G!ranBasara(D"'*%)

Minis%r) !$ E(!n!m)H"a# !$ Di&isi!n $!rs%ra%"gi( 'lanning an#'r"'ara%i!n !$ %" OP

Ul. Gra#a *?!&ara 73:5555 >agr"b

T"l./0132 : :57@Fa/0132 : :5@::3

g!ran.basara(8ming!.r

En"rg) Na%asaMia,l!&i(

Minis%r) !$ E(!n!m) Uli(a gra#a *?!&ara73:5 555 >agr"b

T"l./0132 : :53@4

na%asa.mia,l!&i(8ming!.r

En"rg) ris%ina "liagr"b

T"l./0132 : :5::1Fa/0132 : :5@::1

?ris%ina.("li(8ming!.r

C*l%*r" Ms. An"raS%!'$"r

Minis%r) !$ C*l%*r"*ni!r A#&is!r

R*n,anin!&a 4:5 555 >agr"b

T"l./0132 : 63432Fa/0132 : 6323

an"ra.s%!'$"r8min-?*l%*r".r

SMEs Ms. Sn,"anaI&i

8/13/2019 EUSAIR

16/18

T!*rism Mrs Ai?a%"rini!n%!*#a?i

Minis%r) !$ T!*rismIn%"rna%i!nal R"la%i!nsDir"(%!ra%"

?!n%!*#a?i(8min%!*r.gr

Mari%im" A$$airs Li"*%"nan%C!mman#"rH.C.G.Cris%!s

!n%!r!*(as

Dir"(%!ra%" $!r Si''ingP!li() an# D"&"l!'m"n%

A?%i asilia#i Ga%" E:-E4:32 :5 Pira"*s

T"l./015 4:5 656:@015 4:5 6:@::74Fa./

0 15 4:5 6:@:2:015 4:5 6:@:21

#'ns8)"n.gr

Mari%im" A$$airs Li"*%"nan%H.C.G.assili?i assi

Dir"(%!ra%" $!r Si''ingP!li() an# D"&"l!'m"n%

A?%i asilia#i Ga%" E:-E4:32 :5 Pira"*s

T"l./015 4:5 656:@015 4:5 6:@::74Fa./015 4:5 6:@:2:015 4:5 6:@:26

Mari%im" A$$airs MrCa%9i"$s%a%i!* Mi(a"l

G"n"ral S"(r"%aria% $!r%" A"g"an Islan#P!li()

A?%i asilia#i Ga%" E:-E4:32 :5 Pira"*s

T"l./015 4:5 6562:7Fa./015 4:5 6562:7

ma%9i8"n&.a"g"an.gr

R"gi!nalD"&"l!'m"n%

Mr G"!rg"Emman!*il

H"a# !$ %" ManagingA*%!ri%) !$ E*r!'"an

T"rri%!rial C!!'"ra%i!nPr!gramm"s

2 L"!$!r!s G"!rgi?isS(!lis

275 5: T"ssal!ni?i

T"l./015 41:56@55

Fa./015 41:56@54

g"mman!*il8m!*.gr

R"gi!nalD"&"l!'m"n%

Ms El"nia%si)anni

H"a# !$ S"(%i!n A !$ %"Managing A*%!ri%) !$E*r!'"an T"rri%!rialC!!'"ra%i!nPr!gramm"s

2 L"!$!r!s G"!rgi?isS(!lis275 5: T"ssal!ni?i

T"l./015 41:56@55Fa./015 41:56@51

"l"n?a%si8m!*.gr

R"gi!nalD"&"l!'m"n%

Ms Pan!r"aOr$an!*

Minis%r) $!rD"&"l!'m"n%C!m'"%i%i&"n"ssIn$ras%r*(%*r" Trans'!r% N"%!r?s S'"(ialS"r&i(" $!r S%ra%"g)Planning E&al*a%i!nO$ D"&"l!'m"n%

Pr!gramm"s

Mi%r!'!l"!s 1:52 27 A%"ns

T"l./015 4:5 17451:11Fa./015 4:5 174543

r!r$an!*8mn"(.gr

R"gi!nalD"&"l!'m"n%

Ms Ma%il#"C!ns%an%!'!*l!*

Minis%r) $!rD"&"l!'m"n%C!m'"%i%i&"n"ssIn$ras%r*(%*r" Trans'!r% N"%!r?s S'"(ialS"r&i(" $!r S%ra%"g)Planning E&al*a%i!nO$ D"&"l!'m"n%Pr!gramm"s

Mi%r!'!l"!s 1:52 27 A%"ns

T"l./015 4:5 17451:11Fa./015 4:5 17454@

m(!ns%an%!'!*l!*8mn"(.gr

Ital-Focal Points

In$ras%r*(%*r" a n#Trans'!r%

Mr. Enri(!P*,ia

Dir"(%!r G"n"ral $!rMari%im" Trans'!r%I%alian Minis%r) $!rTrans'!r% an#

In$ras%r*(%*r"s

"nri(!.'*,ia8mi%.g!&.i%

En&ir!nm"n% Mr. Oli&i"r!M!n%anar!

Dir"(%!r $!r C!as%al an#Marin" En&ir!nm"n%I%alian Minis%r) $!rEn&ir!nm"n% Lan# an#S"a Pr!%"(%i!n

m!n%anar!.!li&i"r!8minambi"n%".i%

Fis"ri"s Ms. MariaIsab"lla

Ang"la "rar#i

Dir"(%!r $!r In%"rna%i!nalR"la%i!ns Dir"(%!ra%"-G"n"ral $!r Fis"ri"san# AQ*a(*l%*r" I%alianMinis%r) $!r Agri(*l%*r"an# Fis"ri"s

'"ma(48m'aa$.g!&.i%

Fis"ri"s Ms. MariaT"r"sa

S'"#i(a%!

COISPA T"(n!l!gia "Ri("r(a

s'"#i(a%!8(!is'a.i%

#

8/13/2019 EUSAIR

17/18

E#*(a%i!nUni&"rsi%) an#S(i"n%i$i( R"s"ar(

Pr!$. P.D.F"#"ri(!CinQ*"'almi

Dir"(%!r $!r Pr!m!%i!nPlanning an#C!!r#ina%i!n !$In%"rna%i!nal R"s"ar(I%alian Minis%r) $!rE#*(a%i!n Uni&"rsi%)an# S(i"n%i$i( R"s"ar(

$"#"ri(!.(inQ*"'almi8mi*r.i%

T!*rism C!*ns.

R!b"r%!R!((a

Dir"(%!r G"n"ral $!r

T!*rism P!li(i"sD"'ar%m"n% $!r R"gi!nal

A$$airs T!*rism an#S'!r% Pr"si#"n() !$ %"C!*n(il !$ Minis%"rs

r.r!((a8g!&"rn!.i%

T!*rism D!%%. L*(i!DAm!r"

Dir"(%!r $!r EU an#In%"rna%i!nal A$$airsDir"(%!r G"n"ral $!rT!*rism P!li(i"sD"'ar%m"n% $!r R"gi!nal

A$$airs T!*rism an#S'!r% Pr"si#"n() !$ %"C!*n(il !$ Minis%"rs

l.#am!r"8g!&"rn!.i%

Agri(*l%*r" an#R*ral D"&"l!'m"n%

Ms. Gra9i"llaR!mi%!

Dir"(%!r g.r!mi%!8'!li%i("agri(!l".g!&.i%

Agri(*l%*r" an#R*ral D"&"l!'m"n%

Mr.Massimilian!Pia%%"lla

E"(*%i&" O$$i("rDir"(%!ra%"-G"n"ral $!rR*ral D"&"l!'m"n%C!m'"%i%i&"n"ss I%alianMinis%r) $!r Agri(*l%*r"an# Fis"ri"s

m.'ia%%"lla8m'aa$.g!&.i%

C*l%*ral H"ri%ag" Ms. Annalisa>ara%%ini

Dir"(%!r $!r Un#"ra%"rAr("!l!g) I%alianMinis%r) $!r C*l%*ralH"ri%ag"

annalisa.9ara%%ini8b"ni(*l%*rali.i%

Slo!enia-Focal Points

Bl*" gr!% Mr. Dimi%ri, P*r Dir"(%!ra%" $!r C!"si!n

P!li(i"s Minis%r) !$E(!n!mi( #"&"l!'m"n%an# %"(n!l!g)%%'/.mgr%.g!&.si

#imi%ri,.'*r8g!&.si

Sa$"r an# m!r"S"(*r" S"as

Mr. an"9P!ar

Trans'!r% Dir"(%!ra%"Minis%r) !$ In$ras%r*(%*r"an# S'a%ial Planning%%'/.m9i'.g!&.si

,an"9.'!9ar8g!&.si

H"al%i"r Marin"En&ir!nm"n%

Mr. Mi%,aBri("l,

En&ir!nm"n%Dir"(%!ra%" Minis%r) !$

Agri(*l%*r" an#En&ir!nm"n%%%'/.m?!.g!&.si

mi%,a.bri("l,8g!&.si

Fis"ri"s Mrs. N"aSa*%"%

En&ir!nm"n%Dir"(%!ra%" Minis%r) !$

Agri(*l%*r" an#En&ir!nm"n%%%'/.m?!.g!&.si

n"9a.sa*%"%8g!&.si

T!*rism Mrs. Ir"naMilin?!&iK

Dir"(%!ra%" $!rT!*rism an#In%"rna%i!nali9a%i!nMinis%r) !$ E(!n!mi(#"&"l!'m"n% an#%"(n!l!g) %%'/.mgr%.g!&.si

ir"na.milin?!&i(8g!&.si

Al"ania-Focal Points

Trans'!r% Mr. S?"lQimai*

H"a# !$ Mari%im"Trans'!r% P!li()Minis%r) !$ P*bli( J!r?s

an# Trans'!r%

T"l./0122 7 45 3: 2:

s?"lQim.ai*8m''%.g!&.al

#:

mailto:federico.cinquepalmi@miur.itmailto:federico.cinquepalmi@miur.itmailto:r.rocca@governo.itmailto:l.damore@governo.itmailto:g.romito@politicheagricole.gov.itmailto:g.romito@politicheagricole.gov.itmailto:m.piattella@mpaaf.gov.itmailto:annalisa.zarattini@beniculturali.itmailto:annalisa.zarattini@beniculturali.itmailto:dimitrij.pur@gov.sihttp://www.mzip.gov.si/mailto:janez.pozar@gov.sihttp://www.mko.gov.si/mailto:mitja.bricelj@gov.sihttp://www.mko.gov.si/mailto:neza.sautet@gov.sihttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/%20%20http://www.mgrt.gov.si/http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/%20%20http://www.mgrt.gov.si/mailto:irena.milinkovic@gov.simailto:shkelqim.xhaxhiu@mppt.gov.almailto:shkelqim.xhaxhiu@mppt.gov.almailto:federico.cinquepalmi@miur.itmailto:federico.cinquepalmi@miur.itmailto:r.rocca@governo.itmailto:l.damore@governo.itmailto:g.romito@politicheagricole.gov.itmailto:g.romito@politicheagricole.gov.itmailto:m.piattella@mpaaf.gov.itmailto:annalisa.zarattini@beniculturali.itmailto:annalisa.zarattini@beniculturali.itmailto:dimitrij.pur@gov.sihttp://www.mzip.gov.si/mailto:janez.pozar@gov.sihttp://www.mko.gov.si/mailto:mitja.bricelj@gov.sihttp://www.mko.gov.si/mailto:neza.sautet@gov.sihttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/%20%20http://www.mgrt.gov.si/mailto:irena.milinkovic@gov.simailto:shkelqim.xhaxhiu@mppt.gov.almailto:shkelqim.xhaxhiu@mppt.gov.al

8/13/2019 EUSAIR

18/18

Fis"ri"s Mr. Ga9mirTairi

G"n"ral Dir"(%!rG"n"ral Mari%im"Dir"(%!ra%" D*rr"s

M!b./0122 @ 65 4 36

ga9mir.%airi8#'#"%ar".g!&.al

En&ir!nm"n% Mr. P"ll*mbAb"si

G"n"ral Dir"(%!r $!rEn&ir!nm"n% P!li()

Minis%r) !$ En&ir!nm"n%

M!b./0122 3 45 74 1:4

'"ll*mbab"si8)a!!.(!m

Mari%im" A$$airs Mr. M"% Y'i i(" G"n"ral Dir"(%!r $!rMari%im" Sa$"%) an#S"(*ri%)G"n"ral Mari%im"Dir"(%!ra%" D*rr"s

M!b./0122 2 :6 764

m"m"%.)'i8#'#"%ar".g!&.al

En&ir!nm"n% Mr. G"9imM*sab"lli*

Dir"(%!r Dir"(%!ra%" !$Ja%"r P!li(i"s AlbanianMinis%r) !$ En&ir!nm"n%F!r"s%r) an# Ja%"r

A#minis%ra%i!n

T"l./0122 6 442:52

G"9im.M*sab"lli8m!".g!&.al

En&ir!nm"n% Ms. L"#,anaaralli*%ransla%!r

D"'ar%m"n% !$ Jas%"an# In#*s%rial A((i#"n%sDir"(%!r) !$

En&ir!nm"n%alPr!%"(%i!nMinis%r) !$En&ir!nm"n% F!r"s%r) Ja%"r A#minis%ra%i!n

A#r"ss/ Rr*ga "D*rrsi% Nr. 47iran Albania

T"l./0122 6 442:52

L"#iana.aralli*8m!".g!&.al

Fis"ri"s Mr. Pa%ri!%C!ba,

Dir"(%!r $!r Fis"ri"sP!li()Minis%r) !$ En&ir!nm"n%

M!b./0122 @ 1@ 21 17

Pa%ri!%.C!ba,8m!".g!&.al

Bosnia an# $er%e&o!ina-Focal Points

Clima%"En&ir!nm"n%

S"na#O'rasi(

H"a# !$ En&ir!nm"n%alPr!%"(%i!n D"'a%m"n%

s"na#.!'rasi(8m&%"!.g!&.ba

T!*rism Bran?i(a

Pan#*r"&i(

H"a# !$ D"'ar%m"n% !$

T!*rism

bran?i(a.'an#*r"&i(8m&%"!.g!&.

ba

Trans'!r% >!ran An#ri( Assis%an% Minis%"r 9!ran.an#ri(8m?%.g!&.ba

Trans'!r% >!ran "li( S"ni!r A#&is!r 9!ran.,"li(8m?%.g!&.ba

Montene&ro-Focal Points 'still to "e anno(nce#)

Ser"ia-Focal Points

Trans'!r% "l,?!!&aK"&i