european minority languages. definition of a minority language a minority language is a language...
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EUROPEAN MINORITY LANGUAGES
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DEFINITION OF A MINORITY LANGUAGE
• A minority language is a language spoken by a minority of the population of a country. It must be traditionally used by nationals group numerically smaller than the rest of the State's population and must be different from the official languages of that State.
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ESTONIAN LANGUAGE• Estonian is the official language of Estonia
• Is spoken by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various emigre communities
Estonianeesti keel
Spoken in: Estonia
Region: Northern Europe
Total speakers: 1.1 million
Language family:
Uralic Finno-Ugric Finno-Lappic Baltic-Finnic
Estonian
Official status
Official language in: European Union Estonia
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HISTORY
• From the 13th century to 1918 by Denmark, Germany, Sweden anf Russia resulted few early written literary works in Estonian language
• After the Estonian War of Indenpendence Estonian language became the state language of the newly independent country
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LITERATURE
• The oldest records of written Estonian date from the 13th century. Originates Livoniae in Chronicle of Henry of Livonia contains Estonian place names, words and fragments of sentences
• In modern times Jaan Kross and Jaan Laplinski remain as two of Estonia's best known and most translated writers.
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Classification
• Estonian belongs to the Finnic branch of the Finno-Ugric languages
• Is one of the few languages of Europe that is not Indo-European
• It has been influenced by German, Russian, Swedish and Latvian
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Alphabet
• Estonian employs the Latin alphabet, in addition to which the Estonian alphabet contains letters š, ž, ä, ö, ü, and õ.
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IRISH
• Is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family, originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish
• Irish is also an officially recognised minority language in Northern Ireland
• Is the national and first official language of the Republic of Ireland and it is an official language of the European Union.
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• Native speakers range from 20,000 to 50,000 people
• 0.8% aged three and over speak Irish and approximately 60% speak Irish on a daily basis.
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LADIN
• Is a Rhaeto-Romance language spoken in the Dolomite mountains in Italy, between the regions of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol and Veneto
• It is officially recognized in Italy and has some official rights in the region of Trentino while it does not have official status in the province of Belluno
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• It is spoken in:– the following municipalities of the Province of Bolzano-Bozen
• Urtijëi• Santa Crestina Gherdëina• Sëlva• Badia• Corvara• La Val• San Martin de Tor• Mareo
– the following municipalities of the Province of Trento (Val di Fassa): • Canazei (Ladin Cianacei)• Campitello di Fassa (Ladin Ciampedèl)• Mazzin (Ladin Mazin)• Pozza di Fassa (Ladin Poza)• Vigo di Fassa (Ladin Vich)• Soraga (Ladin Soraga- or- Sorega)• Moena (Ladin Moena)
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• It has more or less 30.000 total speakers and its language family is the Indo- European one, in which is related with Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian and Rhaetian.