European Exploration and Settlement

Exploration in the New World

8th Grade Early American History

Preview Activity

You are in a group

You are going to plan a new classroom configuration –

you will get a handout

Make sure you get the appropriate materials from me and

begin when your group is ready.

Preview Debrief

How did you feel during this activity?

Why did you compete with others to claim

furniture?

What were your feelings toward the 1st group that

claimed furniture?

Do you think it was fair that the 1st group was

allowed to claim more furniture than the other

groups? Why or why not?

Debrief on Activity: Comparison of

Activity to New World Exploration

Groups of Students

Students walked around room to label furniture

Students labeled furniture

One group had directions that allowed them to begin labeling quicker

Other groups rushed to catch up

First group had 30 sticky notes, all else had less

Historical Connection

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Student Activity

Preview of Exploration Unit

The Different Countries that Explored the New World

The Reasons for Exploration in the New World

Spain

France

England

The Netherlands

The Effects of Exploration on the New World

Introduction Europeans are interested in what

is in the East (spices, riches, gold)

Marco Polo got people interested in moving west

Explorers wanted quickest route to China and thought about going west

Discuss…. How did Marco Polo change the world?

Map of Notable Explorers

Spain Starts an Empire

• Renaissance – what is that? • Made books about the east more popular • Columbus studied maps and wanted to go

to China by going west • King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

sponsored him • After a month at sea he found land

• Landed on an island in Caribbean Sea - San Salvador (“Holy Savior”)

• Thought he had reached Indies – named native Indians

• Taino people – friendly people

• Columbus makes 4 trips to new world

• Still believed he found Asia, never knew it was the “new” world.

COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE

Columbus voyage trigger exchange across the Ocean which still continues today

Brought corn, potatoes to Europe

Not so good for Natives – brought germs and diseases to Natives

90% of Native population wiped out by smallpox and other diseases

SLAVERY COME TO AMERICA High death rate of natives meant the

Spanish introduced Africans to do the work

Spanish were growing sugar and making a lot of money off it but needed people to do the work

Slavery was not new to the world – after wars the losers or prisoners would be enslaved

For 3 centuries slaves were brought to the Americas from Africa to work

Conquistador…. Huh? Russians say cosmonaut, Americans say

astronaut

You say explorer, Spanish say conquistador

After Spain hears about what Columbus finds people rush to conquer a vast empire for Spain

Hernan Cortes – 1519 arrive in Mexico with 500 soldiers and a heard of horses

Cortes arrives in Tenochtitlan, the Aztec capital

“Some of our soldiers asked whether the things that we saw were not a dream”

Some thought Cortes was their god Quetzalcoatl and welcomed him

Cortes conquers Tenochtitlan and re-build it as Mexico City, the center of the Spanish empire

Another Spaniard - Pizarro 1532 – leads an attack on Inca empire

in what is today Peru

Many Incas had already died due to Smallpox

Pizzaro captures Atahualpa and says he’ll release him for gold.

Inca’s fill 3 rooms with gold but Pizarro kills Atahualpa anyway and takes over the empire

Spaniards are then able to conquer most of South America

TURN YOUR TEXTBOOK TO PAGE 21 AND YOUR ISN TO

PAGE 8

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER, 19TH Journal #7 – Write the answer to the following 2.3 review

questions in your journal – Mr. Enz will come check homework while you do this:

1. Who founded Florida? What was he looking for and how did he die?

2. What was Coronado looking for? Where did he look?

3. What were Spanish presidios and missions? Why were they established?

4. What was the relationship between the Natives and the Spanish like in the Borderlands?

1. Who founded Florida? What was he looking for and how did he die?

A: Ponce De Leon; Fountain of Youth; Shot through the Heart - Arrow

2. What was Coronado looking for? Where did he look?

A: 7 Cities of Gold; He looked through much of the US Great Plains and the Current Day Southwest

3. What were Spanish presidios and missions? Why were they established?

A: presidios – soldiers lived here – wall forts to protect Spanish settlements Missions: established to convert Natives to Christianity

4. What was the relationship between the Natives and the Spanish like in the Borderlands?

A: Good things: Natives learned how to use new tools and plant new crops; Spanish learned to plant in the desert Bad things: Natives were enslaved; beaten if they did not convert to Christianity and disease killed many natives

SPANISH BORDERLANDS Spanish find gold and

silver in Mexico and Peru so they push northward to part of present day US

These lands were far north part of Spain’s empire so known as the Spanish Borderlands

FLORIDA (before the mouse) Juan Ponce de Leon – looking for fountain of youth.

1513 finds Florida.

Landed Easter Sunday so named it La Florida “flowery Easter”

8 years later he returns to establish a colony and the Native used poisoned arrows to drive off invaders

Ponce de Leon dies from poisonous arrow

SEVEN CITIES OF CIBOLA There was a story that there were 7 cities of gold

and jewels

Spanish thought these were somewhere in North America

Looked for these cities in current day Texas but found nothing but adventure

Marcos de Niza told people that they found them in what today is New Mexico (he was lying!)

CORONADO EXPEDITION 1540 Francisco Vasquez de Coronado goes looking for 7

cities

Travels 7000 miles (2700 driving miles from NYC to LA!)

Coronado only finds a pueblo village

“little crowded village, all crumpled up together”

Coronado continues traveling all over current day U.S. never finding the cities.

Settling the Borderlands By 1600s extended west from Florida across present

day Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California

Once Spain realized rest of Europe wanted this land too they began fighting for it

Presidios – walled forts Spanish explorers lived to protect Spanish land

St. Augustine, FL – oldest US settlement; Spanish defend it from French and English

More settling…. Missionaries accompanied soldiers and

tried t o make natives take on the Christian faith

New Mexico – Spanish try to take over and are cruel to native Pueblo people

Priest whip the Pueblos who do not adopt Christian faith

Over time though the Spanish culture spreads over the American Southwest

Impact on Native Americans

Pueblo people learned how to use new tools, raise new food, use sheep for wool

Indians taught Spanish how to grow crops in the desert

Natives converted their faith

Disease continued to wipe out large numbers of Natives

ISNs to Questions on Page 9

2.2 -2.3 Review 1. Which Spanish explorer was searching for the fountain of youth? Instead he founded present day where (name of a state)?

Ponce De Leon; Florida

2. Which Spanish explorer was searching for the Seven Cities of Cibola?

Coronado

3. What region of present day Florida is the oldest permanent settlement founded by Europeans in the U.S.?

St. Augustine

4. The Spanish put the Natives to work but many began dying. What were they dying from (something unknown to them, brought by Spanish) and who did the Spanish replace the natives with?

Diseases; Africans

5. Which Spanish conquistador conquered The Aztecs?

Cortez

6. Which Spanish explorer conquered the Incas?

Pizzaro

7. What is the name for the Spanish forts that they built? Who were the Spanish trying to keep out with these forts?

Presidios; other explorers from other countries

8. What is the name of the present day country that the Incas inhabited?

Peru

9. What does the name “La Florida” mean?

Flowery Easter

DISCUSS Who started exploring for France and what was

he originally looking for? Did he find it?

Discuss with your group and nominate a spokesperson to share your group’s response.

Use page 25 if needed

THE FRENCH 1534 Jacques Cartier explores Atlantic coastline of

North America

Looking for NW passage – this would provide ships a shortcut to Asia

Claimed Canada for France – named it New France

Beaver Fur – very popular in Europe – made a lot of money off this

Settling New France Samuel de Champlain – 1608

Quebec – trading post for explores, soldiers and trappers

Coureurs de bois – “wood rangers”

Missionaries went with fur trappers to convert people to Catholicism

Did not get many settlers because the climate was so harsh

Most people just came looking for fur

DISCUSS How did the Spanish and the French treat the

natives differently?

What were the French more interested in?

Who did Champlain make friends with and who were their enemy?

Getting Along With The Natives Did not try to conquer natives

Worked with them to find more fur

Champlain befriended the Huron and married a Huron woman

He even helped Huron fight the Iroquois – French and Iroquois would become bitter enemies

Note page 26 in your book

Claiming Louisiana

Father Marquette and Louis Joliet explored great Mississippi

Thought this would lead to NW passage

Discovered Gulf of Mexico

Robert de La Salle claimed mouth of Mississippi

Named it Louisiana for King Louis XIV

MARQUETTE

CHAMPLAIN LASALLE

Turn to ISN page 10

Jamestown – English Colony John Calbot – Italian living in England

to seek his own voyage

Landed in Newfoundland, off of Canada

Thought he was in Asia

Later England claims all of N. America because of the flag Cabot plants

Lost Colony of Roanoke (where did it go?)

Sir Walter Raleigh – Roanoke off current day North Carolina

Indians helped the settlers

1587 Raleigh sent 2nd group of colonists to Roanoke

Arrived too late to plant crops so John White went back to England for more supplies

He could not return for 3 years due to fighting between England and Spain

Colonists had disappeared

CROATOAN

No one knows what it means

Theories on What Happened… 1. One theory about why the Lost Colony disappeared is that Native American groups in the area may have attacked the colonists.

2. The second theory about the disappearance of the colonists at Roanoke Island is that they may have moved to the Chesapeake Bay area.

3. The third theory for disappearance of the colonists was that disease or starvation may have struck the settlement

Records show that Virginia Dare was the first English born baby in America. She was born on August 18, 1587, and was a member of the Lost Colony of Roanoke Island

Settling Jamestown 1607 London Company settles Virginia

trying to make money

Chose a bad place to settle – swampy and surrounded by Natives

No one knew how to farm and no one wanted to work hard

Natives decided they’d rather let English starve and die than trade with them

John Smith decided to take action

John Smith… “If you will not work, you

will not eat”

Smith was captured by Indians

Treated him with a feast but then prepared to kill him

Pocahontas saved John Smith and helped him get food to his people

Starving Time 1609 – Smith had to return to England

Indians refused to trade while Smith was gone and English starved

Ate dogs, rats and even other humans to stay alive

Only 60 of the 500 people Smith left remained alive

That spring 3 more ships arrived with food, more colonists and supplies

Jamestown was saved again

A little cannibal humor… Husband to wife: “I don’t like your

mother. “ Wife: “then try the potatoes”

Wife to Husband “Why did you get me a subscription to people magazine?” Husband –”sorry, I thought it was a cookbook”

Jamestown survives Lived in fear of Indians

Held Pocahontas captive for a while

She learned English and made new friends

John Rolfe had helped colony survive by discovering tobacco

Rolfe proposes to Pocahontas

This brings people of Jamestown and the Natives together

Page 11 in your ISN

New Netherlands - Dutch

Henry Hudson – explore the coastline farther north than the English

Sailed for the Dutch – looking for the Northwest Passage

Discovered Hudson River (the one the plane landed in outside of NYC) for the Dutch

Took up the Fur Trade

Fort Orange – near current day Albany, NY

Relationship with Natives

Peter Minuit – colony’s governor

He wanted natives to be treated kindly

Native didn’t believe anyone could ‘own’ land so they traded for items that were not more than $24 worth of materials

Dutch allied with the Iroquois

FLASHBACK – who did the French ally with?

Makes the French and the Dutch rivals

New Amsterdam

Dutch expand their colony.

Peter Stuyvesant becomes the colony’s new governor – stationed in Manhattan, the capital

“Peg Leg Pete” or “Old Silvernails” = Peter

People didn’t like him; he governed for 17 years

New York is born English wanted Dutch gone (they wanted

the land)

King Charles II gave his brother James ownership of all Dutch land if he could conquer them

James takes a fleet to New Amsterdam and took it over without the Dutch firing a shot

English took it over and named it New York

Slide on over to page 13 in ISN