european commission, dg tren, unit d3 ecodesign of eup, lot 2, brussels, 8. 7. 2008 11 boiler- &...

1 EUROPEAN COMMISSION, DG TREN, UNIT D3 ECODESIGN OF EUP, Lot 2, BRUSSELS, 8. 7. 2008 1

Boiler- & WH labelling and European directive EuP

Ecodesign of EuP: Lot 2

Water Heaters

Matthew KestnerEUROPEAN COMMISSIONDirectorate-general for Energy and TransportUnit D3, Energy Efficiency

Consultation ForumBrussels, 8 July 2008


Content

1. Introduction

2. Water Heaters

2.1 Ecodesign and EPBD Minimum Efficiency Limits

2.2 Labelling scale

2.3 EPBD – Partial Harmonization

2.4 Size Limits

2.5 EPBD other elements

2.6 Conformity assessment

2.7 Verification Procedure

2.8 Annex IV – Climate variation

2.9 Emissions/ Nox

2.10 Other Definitions/Scope/ Benchmarks

2.11 Other Water Heaters


Index

Part 1.

Introduction


Carbon [CO2 eq] emissions EU15 in 2005

17%

6%

26%

17%

24%

10%

EU-15 Greenhouse gas [CO2] emissions

[Total 3357 Mt CO2 eq, ]

Boilers and water

heaters almost ¼

Other electric EuPincl. power generation lossesIndustrial

other fossil fuel useincl. refineries

Road transport

CH boilers

Water heating


Energy

Road transport, inner circle: cars ca. 60%

CH Boilers (space heating function only)

Water Heaters (incl. boiler water heating)

Other EuP (dotted= scope future studies)

In EuP-scope

Impact corresponds to circle surface [PJ]

Outside EuP-directive scope

Heating highest

energy use!


EU legislation lags behind (Water Heater)

Minimum energy efficiency standards for water heaters:

= YES= NO

EU to be in front


CO2 eq. emissions Water Heaters

1990 2010 2020 2025

194

227245

Business as Usual (BAU)

EU25-emission water heaters in Mt CO2/a

29%

10%223

174

Realistic scenario

High saving

potential !


Urgency: 2020 !

EU target 20/20/20 vs. 1990

EuP boilers and water heaters >25% of the target

EuP + EPB* space & water heat 40-50% of the target

-20%

-20%

2020

carbon

energy

target year

Act Now !!


Targets

Proposed measures are:

• A good investment – cost effective savings

2020 Savings

• 60 MT CO² by 2020

• 1-2% of EU Energy Demand

• Essential to overall 2020 targets


Pan-European Synergy Opportunities

• Physics is universal Best Practice For All

• EU-Single Market Mass-production and mass-application of high efficiency solutions

• EU climate differences don’t stand in the way:

11 EUROPEAN COMMISSION, DG TREN, UNIT D3 ECODESIGN OF EUP, Lot 2, BRUSSELS, 8. 7. 2008 11 ECODESIGN OF EUP, Lot 1 & 2, BRUSSELS, 29.2.2008

EU climate (weighted average Oct.-Apr).

6,5

6,7

7,6

7,4

6,9

5,6

4,3

3,6

3,9

4,54,6

4,6

2,4

0,5

0,9

0,3

7,6

EE

LT

LI

1,9

-0,5

3,8

5,6

11,3

9,9

13,5

12,9

14,814,4

5,3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

4

4

3

4

55

5

5

3

3

3

EU climateHeating season temperature &Solar annual

3 Avg. hor. solar irradiance kWh/m2/d

Avg. outdoor temperature Oct.-Apr. oC13,5


Case for Harmonization

• Product may come in several boxes, (Water Heater, solar panels etc.). But each box is a mass produced product.

• Usual advantages of single market and harmonization apply.

• National implementation will lead to 30+ varying requirements, and limited response from manufacturers.


Choice of implementation methods

1. Labelling and Information

2. Ecodesign – Minimum Efficiency Standards

3. Installation Requirements (EPBD)

4. Subsidies, Tax rebates etc.


Urgency: 2020 !

EU target 20/20/20 vs. 1990

EuP boilers and water heaters >25% of the target

EuP + EPB* space & water heat 40-50% of the target

-20%

-20%

2020

carbon

energy

target year

Act Now !!


Index

Part 2.

Water Heaters


2.1 Eco Design Requirements Water Heaters

Rating on basis of how • Energy efficiency of supplying relevant volume

of hot water (tapping pattern) in an average EU building

• Model to correct difference between measurement methods, and to allow for (some) distribution losses.


4772391198469271062max.single tap (l)

96481610106542max.flow (l/min, 60ºC)

4XL3XLXXLXLLMSXSXXS

20555102775355418725621285465461461Qload in kWh/a 8x’M’ 16x’M’

55ºC35ºC40ºC

55ºC

55ºC

55ºC55ºC

55ºC

55ºC

Derived from prEN 50440 “electric storage” and EN 13203-2/3 “gas/solar

Load profiles water heating

Kitchen tappings (oC)ShowerBathBath+shower (simult.)

55ºC


2.2 Water Heater Energy Label Classes

282828272727202017F

323232303030232320E

363636343433262623D

2011 Limit404040403736292926C

2013 limit -------EPBD (New Build)646460504639323229B

2015 EPBD ------- (New Build)868072625645353532A

969684766854383835A+

120110104928266555344A++

BAT1501401241129880726153A+++

4XL3XLXXLXLLMSXSXXS


2.3 Water Heater – National Installation Limits

Partial Harmonization

Member States• To ensure appropriate sizing• Free to set higher installation limits – but should

correspond to labelling limits

• Thus - For any installation building owner should be given a choice of installing water heaters that correspond to certain labelling efficiency/size classes.

• Free to set their own system elements not in water heater (e.g.insulation of distribution pipes)


2.3 Water Heater – National Installation Limits

House 2

House 1

282828272727202017F

323232303030232320E

363636343433262623D

2011 Limit404040403736292926C

2013 limit646460504639323229B

868072625645353532A

969684766854383835A+

120110104928266555344A++

BAT1501401241129880726153A+++

4XL3XLXXLXLLMSXSXXS


2.4 Water Heater– size Limits

Need for size limits

• Requirements get stricter for larger sizes – incentive to install ‘supersized M’ when XL is needed (particularly important. But

• Water demand varies over time, meeting standard tapping cycle will give to little hot water on some days.

Limits imposed by

• Member States ensuring ‘appropriate sizing’• Limit on size of water heater in terms of volume (XXS- S)• Limit on ability to perform higher tapping cycles (2 size

categories)


2.5 Water Heater EPBD– Other possible elements

Member States should

Centralized/Decentralized

• Should set rules relating to the choice between centralized and decentralized hot water systems.

Building Certificates/Water heater inspection etc.

• Should include information on the savings from replacing existing water heater with one with efficiency at

> Class A

> Minimum level allowed


2.6 Water Heater – conformity Assessment

Elements

• New Modules recently adopted.• Large potential savings – need for greater security of results

(so Notified bodies, osule A2 etc.)• ‘New products’ need for stricter assessment.

Possible requirement: Sizes

• XXS-XS - Module A• S – L - A2 or Notified body(B+C)• XL -4XL - Notified body(B+C)• Not using ‘harmonized standard’ – Notified body

Impact assessment Study to look into details


2.7 Water Heater Verification Procedure

Verification procedureAs previously discussed

•Limits under Ecodesign Requirements or Energy Labelling threshold- Maximum values.

•Other information (for example the data input defined in Annex IV) margin for production variation of (say) ± [7%].

To be replaced by ‘harmonized methods’ – when developed



Test protocol

•Test 1 model, if test result exceeds limit, then

•Test 3 further models

There shall be no need to re-test the value of all parameters in the second set of tests, only those that exceed maximum value for the first unit.



Proof of Failure Ecodesign requirements and Energy Labelling Thresholds

• Test values for the first unit, and average test values for the second set of tests, exceed the limit by

> Water Heater 4%

> NOx emissions 4%

OR• An analysis based on the test error of the relevant test house for the test(s) in

question that shows that the probability a correctly declared model, could have had the test results, or worse, is very low.



Proof of Failure Declared values

• Test values for the first unit, and average test values for the second set of tests, differ from declared value by more than [7%]


2.7 Water Heater Verification Comments

4% to low for• Small tapping cycles • Nox (at 20 ppm)• New standards


2.8 Water Heater - Annex IV

See separate presentation


2.8 Water Heater - Annex IV – Climate variation

Adjustment for climate differences implies barriers to trade

• same product has different rating depending on where installed.

Danger of 'Best' driving out the ‘Good’ if

• optimizing for small climate differences(e.g. of 5%) takes precedence over

• designing better products (Energy rating bandwidth 15%)



Annex IV base on average EU climate

• For constant hot Water Load for most products climate variations make only small differences.

(NB household with same water demand will need bigger water heater in Finland (cold water 5°C) than in Italy (cold water 15°C)



Possible products with 'large' variation:

• outside air based heat pumps, in 'Artic' areas temperatures often below 0-5°C, and

• Solar systems, which will work better in 'Tropical' areas where solar flux is significantly higher (5 kWh/day m² rather than 3 kWh/day m²).

High quality solar systems (e.g. with vacuum insulated collectors) will already work well in areas with the lower level of solar flux.

38 EUROPEAN COMMISSION, DG TREN, UNIT D3 ECODESIGN OF EUP, Lot 2, BRUSSELS, 8. 7. 2008 38 ECODESIGN OF EUP, Lot 1 & 2, BRUSSELS, 29.2.2008

EU climate (weighted average Oct.-Apr).

6,5

6,7

7,6

7,4

6,9

5,6

4,3

3,6

3,9

4,54,6

4,6

2,4

0,5

0,9

0,3

7,6

EE

LT

LI

1,9

-0,5

3,8

5,6

11,3

9,9

13,5

12,9

14,814,4

5,3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

4

4

3

4

55

5

5

3

3

3

EU climateHeating season temperature &Solar annual

3 Avg. hor. solar irradiance kWh/m2/d

Avg. outdoor temperature Oct.-Apr. oC13,5



Possible strategyDifference between ‘Standard’ and ‘Artic’ and/or ‘Tropical’ rating

< 15%/Labelling Bandwidth - Use ‘Standard’ rating

> 15%/Labelling Bandwidth - then'Artic' and or 'Tropical' rating may be used (in Ecodesign,energy Labelling, EPBD Installation requirements)


2.8 Water Heater Climate variation - comments

• EHI .No climate zones in Ecodesing, acceptabel if needed in• NGOs should allow for climate differences


2.8 Water Heater Heat Pump

• EHI .GWP condition on heat pumps should be dropped• NGOs Should have more complete treatment of GWP of Heat

Pump fluid.


2.9 Water Heater - Emissions

Significant Emissions in use phase ofi)NOx ii) COiii) Hydrocarbonsiv) Particulates

But •measurement methods unrealistic (steady state)•need to develop dynamic measurement methods.

apart from NOx – see separate slides


2.9 Water Heater - Emissions

NGOs should include Methane But measurement problems


2.10 Water Heater - Scope

As before•All Electric, Gas, Oil Water Heaters (inc Solar Heat Pump)•(Combis, Hot Water Cylinders – willl be dealt with in further Working documents.)

Not (yet) covered in annex IV Micro CHP, CO² heat pump, etc.

These ‘new’ products to be included when• Harmonized standard adopted, or• Amendment to annex IV

Then transition period (12 months)


2.10 Water Heater - Scope

NGOs should WH using waste water OK when measurement methods developed.


2.10 Water Heater - Benchmarks

As beforeEnergy efficiency •XXS-S A++•S-4XL A+++

NOx Emissions •less than 20ppm

NGOs Should add benchmarks for• GWP (HP fluid refrigerant)• Methane leakage


Index

Thank you !

european commission, dg tren, unit d3 ecodesign of eup, lot 2, brussels, 8. 7. 2008 11 boiler- &...

Documents

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eup boilers

electric eup

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emissions water heaters

target eup epb

eupscope impact

boiler water