European Artistic Movements

1700 - 2000

Romanticism : 18th – 19th Centuries

Artists broke with tradition Emphasized Nature, the Middle Ages,

heroes and faraway places Britain – Critical of Industrialization France – Glorified man and liberty Germany – promoted national

unification Spain – reaction against Napoleon

Francisco Goya (1746- 1828) “The Third of May”

J.M.W. Turner (1775 – 1851) “Founding of CArthage”

John Constable (1776-1837)“Study of Trees”

Realism – 19th Century Response to Romanticism’s “flights of

fancy” Ordinary people doing daily tasks Life the way it was – reflective of:

› Karl Marx› Otto von Bismarck

Francois Millet (1814 – 1875)“The Gleaners”

Impressionism Inspired by Spanish paintings and

Japanese Art Portrayed what the eye could see with

a glance Invention of Camera eliminated need

for realistic Art Life in the Age of Materialism

Claude Monet (1840 – 1926)Water Lilies

Postimpressionism A move beyond Impressionism Emphasized real aspects of life Explored psychological effects Artists sought refuge in escapism and

nature› Paul Gauguin – fled to Tahiti to reconcile

problems created by urban culture and human nature

Vincent van Gogh (1853 – 1890)“Potato Eaters”

Expressionism Subordinates everything to the

expression of emotion Reaction to the World War I and Rise of

Dictators Need to express emotion in face of

nationalism, international conflicts and militarism

Henri Matisse (1869 – 1954)“The Joy of Life”