European Art – 16th and 17th Centuries

How did the artistic achievements of this era reflect the political and

economic developments of the period?

Mannerism• High Renaissance – Mannerism (starts in 1520s) – Baroque• Emphasis on: elongated forms, collapsed perspective,

imbalance to convey strong emotions.

Pantormo’s Entombment,

1525-1528Rosso Fiorentino, The Dead Christ with

Angels, c. 1524-1527

Mannerism: El Greco (Domenikos Theotocopoulos)

The Disrobing of Christ, 1527-1529

View of Toledo, 1596-1600 Adoration of the Shepherds, 1612-14

The Baroque Art – 17th Century

• Use of dramatic and exaggerated movements, clear details and composition to inspire / awe the audience and solicit emotional involvement

• Associated with the Catholic counter-reformation – challenge to the austerity of the Protestant view of artistic expression

• Adopted by secular rulers to manifest opulence

Italian Baroque

Caravaggio, Deposition (or Entombment), c. 1600-04

Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Ecstasy of St. Teresa, 1645-52

Left: Caravaggio, Judith beheading Holofernes, 1598-99, oil on canvas, 145 x 195 cm (Palazzo Barberini, Rome); and right: Artemisia Gentileschi, Judith and Holofernes, 1620-21, oil on canvas, 162.5 x 199 cm (Uffizi Gallery, Florence)

Baroque Spreads: French Classicism

Hyacinthe Rigaud, Louis XIV, King of France and Navarre, 1701

Versailles, France

French Clacissism: Nicholas Poussin (1594-1665)

*Subject: often from classical antiquity

*Orderly composition and landscape

Nicolas Poussin, Landscape with St. John, 1640

Baroque Architecture (From Religious to Secular)

St.Peter’s Basilica and Piazza, Rome, Italy

Baroque Architecture: Cont.

Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza Built in 1642-1660, Francesco

Borromini

Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna

Winter Palace, Saint Petersburg

The Dutch Baroque – Dutch Realism• 17th Century – “Golden Age” of the Dutch Republic

(United Provinces)• Commerce/banking = art patronage!• Focus on “realistic portrayal of secular life”

Bartholomeus van der Helst, Banquet of the Amsterdam Civic Guard in Celebration of the Peace of Münster, 1648

Peter Paul Ruebens - Flemish Artist(Spanish Netherlands)

The Elevation of the Cross, 1610-1611 The Landing of Marie de Medici at Marseilles, 1621-1625

Dutch Baroque – Dutch Realism• Johannes Vermeer – specialized in

domestic scenes of middle-class life

Girl with a Pearl Earring, 1665

The Geographer, 1668-69

The Love Letter,

1669-1670

Johannes Vermeer – “The Glass of Wine” (1658-1660)

Dutch Realism – Judith Leyster

Self-Portrait, 1633 A Game of Cards, c.1630s

Dutch Realism – Rembrandt van Rijn• Considered the greatest painter of the Dutch “Golden Age”• Very prolific artist (approximately 600 paintings, 300 etchings,

and 1400 drawings.

The Night

Watch, 1642

Rembrandt (cont.)

Syndics of the Cloth (Draper) Guild, 1662

Rembrandt (cont.)

Self-Portrait, 1652The Anatomy Lesson of Dr.Tulp, 1632