European Architecture through the Centuries

Ari Ball

Renaissance Architecture

During the Renaissance more secular buildings became popular.The Roman Classics became a primary reference at this pointArchitects made the transition from being skilled laborer to artists

Characteristics of Renaissance Architecture

Emphasis on symmetryColumnsArchesDomes Reference to the classicsAedicule

Filippo Brunelleschi

Brunelleschi was considered the first renaissance architect.Helped engineer the dome of the

Florence Cathedral. Style spread

quickly.

Influencing Europe

Florence- soon spreading to the rest of ItalyFrance- brought major Italian architects to influence their architectural styleSoon followed by Germany, England, and Russia

Forms of Renaissance Architecture

ElizabethanRomanesqueMannerismFrench Renaissance ArchitecturePalladian ArchitectureTudor Architecture

Note: I will elaborate on the most commonly used throughout the PowerPoint

Elizabethan Architecture

During Elizabeth I reign Characterized by Dutch gable and Flemish strap work Can be seen on Wolltan Hall and Burghley HouseEnglish Renaissance style

Romanesque Architecture Transition from Renaissance to Gothic stylesPopular Norman style

Characteristics of Romanesque Architecture

Reference to the Roman style of buildingArches that would influence Gothic styleMost popular in the Netherlands Can be seen in the Plan of Saint Gall Church

Gothic Architecture

Characteristics of Gothic Architecture

Pointed archesFlying buttressesRibbed vaultMainly used in Cathedrals and castles Can be found in universities, churches, and town halls

Abbot Suger

Friend of Louis VI and VIIAsked to rebuild Church of Saint- Denis Said to be the first

church built in the Gothic style

Completed with rose windows, large pointed arches, ribbed vaults and flying buttresses.

Religious Support of Gothic Architecture

The spiritual Benedictine’sCistercian Orders in FranceFranciscans- “Grey Friars”The Dominicans

Mannerist Architecture

Led to Baroque style- has the same characteristicsPeriod marked with works by Michelangelo, Giulio Romano, Baldassare Peruzzi, and Andrea Palladio.

Baroque Architecture

Characteristics of Baroque Architecture

Visible statement of wealth and powerTheatricalLinked to Counter ReformationBaroque- ‘mis-shapen pearl’High alters and chapels

Baroque and the Church

Pope Urban VIIIInnocent XAlexander VII

Rococo Architecture

Appeared first in FranceArranged in “organized chaos”

Characteristics of Rococo Architecture

Organic based objectsLight Delicate colorsRippling surfacesOften used in interior design

Revival Architecture

18th and 19th century expansionMarks the growth of the Roman Catholic ChurchBecame popular with the growth of industrialization and the need for more churches and cathedrals.

Characteristics of Revival Architecture

Drawing from the previous forms of architectureOften used in rebuilding or remodelingMostly used when constructing new churches

Modern Architecture

Ideals of ModernismDraw from previous popular formsMore practical in comparison

Characteristics of Modern Architecture

FunctionalFormal shapesSymbolic values of the classicsSpaciousDiverse

Architectural Changes in Cities

Society was agriculturally based throughout until the Industrial RevolutionsDuring the 18th and 19th centuries change to more industrialized cities and the move out to suburbs would occur

References

Department of European Paintings. "Architecture in Renaissance Italy". In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–.

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/itar/hd_itar.htm (October 2002

Matthews, Kevin. "Baroque Architecture ." Greatbuildings.com. ArtificeInc, 1998. Web. 25 Mar 2011.

“Rococo Architecture." www.artsz.org. Página web Realizada con el Patrocinio de la Cámara de Comercio e Industria de Madrid, 02/08/2008. Web. 25 Mar 2011.

References continued

"Gothic Revival architecture." The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia®. 2005. Columbia University Press 25 Mar. 2011

http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Gothic+Revival +architecture

“Baroque Revival architecture." The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition. 1970-1979. The Gale Group, Inc. 26 Mar. 2011

http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Gothic+Revival+architecture