europe 1920s and 1930s british empire egypt india
TRANSCRIPT
Europe 1920s and 1930s
British Empire
Egypt
India
British Empireand
Egypt
British Problems in Empire
• Parts of British Empire want to rule themselves
• Since 1882 British controlled Egypt
• Nationalist mov’t under Wafd Party
• 1922 Egypt declared independent
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Ethiopia taken over by Italy!
Egypt scared
Sign Anglo-Egyptian Treaty
*independence to Egypt
* British military bases in Egypt
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Google Earth
As part of LoN Mandate, British Empire was to include a Zionist homeland in Palestine - home for Jews.
Balfour Declaration promised this homeland.
Strongly shapes British foreign policy.
EXCEPT……
British had also promised to create an independent Arab nation…
Tension b/w Arabs and Jews. Britain limits # of Jews to appease ArabsThen WWII comes & nothing gets resolved
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British Empireand India
Living Like a Living Like a MaharajahMaharajah
Darjeeling Railroad, Darjeeling Railroad, 1880s1880s
Karachi, 1896Karachi, 1896
Rise of India Nationalism
The Indian National The Indian National CongressCongress 1885 The Indian National
Congress was founded in Bombay.
swaraj “independence.” * the goal of the movement.
The Indian National The Indian National CongressCongress but the mov’t is split between Hindu but the mov’t is split between Hindu
and Muslim Indians….and Muslim Indians….
and the mov’t is divided on how to and the mov’t is divided on how to break away from the British Empire - is break away from the British Empire - is that a smart thing? that a smart thing?
the mov’t is split on how to design the mov’t is split on how to design the new independent India. Socialist? the new independent India. Socialist? Democracy?Democracy?
The Muslim LeagueThe Muslim League 1905 partition of Bengal based on religions and languages.
1906 creation of the Muslim League.
Formed by Muslims suspicious of Hindu-majority Indian National Congress
Important LeadersImportant Leaders
Mohammed Ali Jinnah
Mohandas Gandhi
Jawaharlal Nehru
Mohammed Ali JinnahMohammed Ali Jinnah
1876 - 19481876 - 1948
Originally supported Indian National Congress but became increasingly unhappy with discriminations against Muslims and would eventually call for a separate Muslim state….
Young Mohandas K. Young Mohandas K. Gandhi, Gandhi,
18761876
1869 - 1948
Gandhi with the Gandhi with the LondonLondon
Vegetarian Society, Vegetarian Society, 18901890
Gandhi as a Young Gandhi as a Young Barrister in NatalBarrister in Natal
Gandhi as a Lawyer in Gandhi as a Lawyer in Johannesburg, So. AfricaJohannesburg, So. Africa
Very successful in creating laws to protect Indians living in South Africa from discriminations
Gandhi
•
•Returned to India 1915 with goal of making India independent from England
• WWI raging and Gandhi supported British during the war w/ belief British would support Indian independence after WWI
• HE WAS WRONG
• 1919, near end of WWI, British troops attacked and killed hundreds of peaceful Indian protestors in town of Amritsar.
• This sparks the beginning of India’s nationalistic mov’t using civil disobedience
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Salt March, 1930Salt March, 1930
MakingSalt
Gandhi
During World War II Gandhi again promised support to the Allies in exchange for a promise of independence
But the English gov’t jailed Gandhi for most of the war
After World War II, Gandhi was released and he began negotiating for an Indian independence
Britain wanted divided lands - Muslim section - Pakistan and Hindu section - India
Gandhi wants unified India
Gandhi
Gandhi protests in peaceful ways for a unified country of India
Gandhi was assassinated by a Hindu radical who was upset with the
possibility of a unified India
composed of Hindu and Muslim people
Gandhi and His Gandhi and His Grandaughters, Grandaughters,
19471947
Last Viceroy of India Last Viceroy of India
Lord Louis & Lady Edwina Montbatten
The Partition The Mountbatten Plan
Pre-PartitionPre-Partition
PartitionPartition!!
Jawaharlal NehruJawaharlal Nehru
1889 - 19641889 - 1964
Jawaharlal NehruJawaharlal Nehru
• Nehru is India’s 1st official prime minister after independence is declared in 1947
• Seen as Gandhi’s heir in he followed the same beliefs and goals as Gandhi
• advocated many modern advances for women such as right to divorce