eu fp7 funded project no. 222889 ( 2009-2013)
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Brussels Development Briefing n.32 Fish-farming the new driver of the blue economy? 3 rd July 2013 http://brusselsbriefings.net Overview of the significance of the fish-farming sector: challenges and opportunities. David Little, University of Stirling. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Brussels Development Briefing n.32
Fish-farming the new driver of the blue economy?3rd July 2013
http://brusselsbriefings.net
Overview of the significance of the fish-farming sector: challenges and opportunities.David Little, University of Stirling
EU FP7 Funded Project No. 222889 (2009-2013)
Overview of the significance of the fish-farming sector: challenges and opportunitiesAfrican, Caribbean and Pacific -ACP- countries
David LittleInstitute of Aquaculture
University of Stirling
Farming in water
Photo Trevor Telfer
Photo Andrew Shinn
CTAs agenda
• CTA is committed to sustainable development, increasing prosperity and improving the wellbeing of agricultural and rural populations in ACP countries in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly manner
• Small-holders, sustainable intensification
Relative contribution of aquaculture and capture fisheries to food fish consumption
Capture
Aquaculture
FAO, 2012
Overview of global fisheries, including aquaculturehttp://www.unep.org/dewa/vitalwater/jpg/0314-fishcatch-EN.jpg
Fish consumption in terms of protein
http://www.unep.org/dewa/vitalwater/article176.html
Production intensity
Modified from FAO, 2012 Mean data:2008-2010
Contributions to the economy
Modified from FAO, 2012 Mean data:2008-2010
Sector growth
Modified from FAO, 2012 Mean data:2008-2010 compared to 2003-2005
Rapid transformation
• From domestic demand to global trade
• Led by shrimp but now being followed by white fish species, pangasius and tilapia
• Exotic or local species?Source FAO, 2010, modified by Zhang et al, 2012
Shrimp and tilapia in China
Export or local?
Belton et al, 2011
Seafood –Number 1 exported commodity from developing countries
FAO, 2012
A story of cities and deltas…
• Rapid growth of urban settlement• Increasing demand for animal source foods• Comparative change to aquatic food as a
commodity………..• Transformation of land and water use on
deltas towards value-added products• Growth in national, regional and international
trade
..from production to consumption
Urbanisation
PHOTO. P.EDWARDS
Aquaculture has often developed and been sustained nearer high centres of population…..
Urban aquaculture -Africa
Clarias, Abuja,Nigeria
Photo AtandeTunde
Tilapia, Lake Volta, Ghana
Photo Will Leschen
Aquaculture development or aquaculture for development
Belton and Little, 2011
Development and change• Immanent: on-going, undirected• Interventionist: intentional, externally inserted• Returns to ‘small-scale’ typically less than 10-15% of household
income• But often multiple, complex benefits
– -more than 70% of farming families identified more than ten benefits of rice-fish in NW Bangladesh (Haque et al, 2010)
• Incremental rather than transformational• Complexity of social structure and market incentives• Rapid uptake of commercial aquaculture by entrepreneurs rather
than farmers
Does size matter- ‘small-scale’ and poverty
Belton, Haque and Little, 2012
Commodity aquaculture
• ‘Small-scale’ as a term is often misleading and generally not comparable to a small-holder producing a staple crop
• Maybe many benefits elsewhere in the value chain
• Commodity-orientated aquaculture is not always intensive
Can export be compatible with local food security?
Extensive ‘free-range’ shrimp ponds in Southwest Bangladesh
Local food chains and employment
• Income from extensive ‘shrimp’ ponds in southeast Bangladesh less than half of income from shrimp
• Employment gains for the poorest groups
Local fish for local people
Photo:Susan Thompson–
Inconsistent quality seed and feed often undermine sustainability post-intervention
Cage aquaculture
Cage farming in Ghana
• Crystal lakes-overseas investment
• Local markets• Site limitations
Limited freshwater sites
• Cages Lake Victoria Uganda
• Access to sites, exclusion of other users?
Photo Will Leschen
Challenges in attaining positive livelihood impacts
• Aquatic animals in the diet-coastal, lake or delta living people
• Markets-urbanisation, export (not just the West!)• Seed and hatchery• Feed and nutrient management• Markets• Governance• ….and broader development• Benefits not as producers but elsewhere in the value
chain (employment, consumption)
‘Local’ international markets
• Regional trade within Asia and between Asia and elsewhere is growing faster than conventional South-North trade
• Traditional trade between African states in dried, smoked fish
Input costs, output value
FAO, 2012
Jamaica
• Beginning in the 1940s
• by the late 1990s, >500ha, 100 farms
• >3000MT - 85% one company
• significant exports
Photo Janielle Wallace
2007-8
• Loss of export markets• Focus on domestic but lack of competitiveness also• Post Hurricane damage interruptions in fry supply• Gradual contraction ; change from intensive to
semi-intensive
– Local price $4.50/ lb– Imported $2.10/ lb– Failure of ‘eat local tilapia’ campaign
Seed and feed
Broodfish selection, Son hatchery Uganda
Extruded feeds in Ghana, Raanan Feeds Photo Will Leschen
…not just fish and shellfish• Womens’ cooperative
producing seaweed in Tanzania
Linking Asia and Africa
Examples of new projects
• Development of insect larvae production to support high quality feed ingredients for fish and livestock production and off-set costs of sanitary waste disposal (Ghana)
• Fisheries and aquaculture value chain development in Malawi and Uganda
• Developing African Aquaculture Networks Towards Sustainable Innovation
Thanks
• CTA for the invitation• Will Leschen for African photographs• Neil Handisyde for graphics• Colleagues on the Sustaining Ethical
Aquaculture Trade project• www.seatglobal.eu
• Contact me on [email protected]