eu enlargement and turkey’s application for membership v3
TRANSCRIPT
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EU enlargement and Turkey’s
application for membership
Lea Hannibalsen
David Mircea Bucur
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Enlargement: The accession process
Copenhagen Criteria (1993):
Political: rule of law, stable institutions, democracy, respect for human rights.
Economic: functional market economy.
Legal: EU laws and practice. Adherence to the terms of a political, economic and monetary union.
Joining the EU is a 3 stage process:
1. A country is offered a prospect of membership.
2. The country is given official candidate status.
3. Formal membership negotiations.
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2004 Enlargement: Expanding East
•Estonia
•Latvia
•Lithuania
•Poland
•Czech Republic
•Slovakia
•Hungary
•Slovenia
•Cyprus
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2007 Enlargement: Romania and Bulgaria
•Romania
•Bulgaria
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Who’s joining next?
•Iceland
•Croatia
•Serbia
•Bosnia and Herzegovina
•Montenegro
•Kosovo
•Albania
•Turkey
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Turkey: Timeline
1959: Turkey applies for associate membership of EEC.
1963: Ankara Agreement signed, aiming to enter a customs union.
1987: Turkey applies for full EEC membership.
1995: Customs union founded between Turkey and the EU.
1997: Council declares Turkey eligible to become a member state.
2004: Council defines conditions for opening accession negotiations.
2005: Negotiations formally opened.
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Turkey and European Union
- Long-term process with shifting attitudes from the EU
towards a full membership for Turkey.
- Applied for membership of the EEC in 1987 (association
agreement with EEC in 1963) and the accession
negotiations froze in 2006.
- Turkey has made great progress pursuing EU standards
yet they lack several important areas(commission
progress report 2005).
- Why not Turkey?
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Pros and preferences for a Turkish
membership in the EU
- The emergence of democracy and vibrant
economy in Turkey.(Enlargement Policy; the spread of liberal democratic ideas and market
economy principles).
- A reinforcement of Security.(Maintaining security in the eastern Mediterranean, role model for
neighbouring Islamic states. May help to create security and stability in
the European continent. Geographical location).
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Concerns and problems regarding a full
membership for Turkey
The conflict with Cyprus and Greece
Conditionality and criteria issues
Geographical and Cultural issues
Association partnership instead of full
membership?
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Attitudes towards Turkish membership
- Attitude among European citizens.(Four factors which can explain attitudes: Economic costs and
benefits, cultural differences, political ideology and the general attitudes
towards the EU).
- Perspectives of the Turkish elite.(Opinions on membership. Political and cultural issues. Reflection on
rejection and future prospect. Cost and benefits. Any concerns?).
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Statistic view of
the 27 member
states support for
Turkish accession:
- The countries who are
most supportive are the
two newest members:
Romania and Bulgaria
- Among the countries
who are least
supportive we find
France and Austria.
Both countries are likely
to have referendums
about the Turkish
accession.
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Further reading
European Commission key documents
http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/candidate-
countries/turkey/key_documents_en.htm
2004 enlargement
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/enlargement/2004_and_2007
_enlargement/e50017_en.htm
2004 and 2007 Enlargement documents/links
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/enlargement/2004_and_2007
_enlargement/index_en.htm
General information regarding Turkey and the EU
http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/countries/detailed-country-
information/turkey/index_en.htm