etp original
TRANSCRIPT
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INTRODUCTION
Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) is recently modified plant to increase water capacity in
the Texport Syndicate. ETP is a process of removing hazardous chemicals from the
effluent and disposing them in a safe isolated way. The plant is designed to treat
the effluent discharged from washing unit where various types of chemicals and
dye stuffs are being used. ETP is consisting of physio-chemical treatment plant
and it needs to be biologically treated and hence discharged to BWSSB sewage
line.
Purpose of ETP:-
Due to the nature of various chemical processing of textile, large volume of
waste water with numerous pollutants is discharged. Since the stream of water
affect the aquatic eco-system in number of ways such as depleting the
dissolving oxygen content on settlement of suspended substance in anaerobic
condition, a special attention needs to be demanded. Thus a study on different
measures, which can be adopted to treat the waste water discharged from
textile chemical processing industry to protect our surrounding from possible
pollution problem, has been the focus point of many recent investigation.
Main Objectives of ETP:-
1. To be socially responsible (it is the responsibility of every company to ensure
that they dont discharge any effluent directly to the environment).
2. Effluent affects the fertility of the soil and thus affecting the ground water.
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WORKING PROCESS OF ETP IN TEXPORT SYNDICATE:-
FLOW CHARTTrade effluent input
Bar Screen Settable Solid particle
Co-angulation tank
Oil separation
Equalization tank
Lime, FeSo4, Alum &
Poly electrolyte
Lamella Clarifier-1,2
Clarifier water collection
Filter press
Sludge storage
room
Pressure Sand Filter
Activated carbon filter
BWSSB SEWER
Water
SludgeSecondary clarifier tank
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1. Effluent coming from washing section contains solid substances like threads,
stone etc. These solid substances are stopped in the drain itself by using iron
cross-bar which acts as filter. And these substances are removed on daily basis.
2. Effluent contains some oil and grease which has to be removed from the
effluent. Since oil and grease are lighter in weight, they float on the surface of
water which is removed every week. And then water is passed to equalization
tank by using inverted U-tube pipe.
3. Equalization Tank:-
There will be Effluent discharge
with various properties & different
in PH
values and air is applied to
agitate to get homogeneous liquid
having water of same property all
over the tank. Then this water is
passed to the co-agulation tank
with help of feed pump.
Equalization Tank
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4. Co-agulation Tank:-
In this tank water is treated with
chemicals which enhance oppositely
charged particles to attract each
other and forms a solid mass.
Chemicals used in this tank are
Lime, Ferrous sulphate (FeSo4),
Alum & Poly electrolyte. And air is
also supplied to the tank to agitate.
Each chemical have its own
functions as we mentioned bellow.
Co-agulation tank
4(a) Lime:-
It is used to maintain the PH
value. First PH
value checked for incoming water on co-agulation tank and according to the result,
lime is added to it. Lime is mixed with water
in a container. Air is supplied to the
container for agitation throughout the
process. And mixture is continuously feeding
to the effluent by using a water tap from the
bottom of the container.
Lime Container
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4(b) Ferrous Sulphate (FeSO4):-
The main function of Ferrous Sulphate is to
remove the color from the water. The
solution is keeping in a container from where
it is regularly pouring to the co-agulation
tank by using water tap from the bottom of
the container.
Ferrous sulphate solution
4(c) Alum:-
It helps in the separation of solid dust
particles from water to settle at the
bottom. Air is applied continuous foragitation.
Alum container
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4(d) Poly electrolyte:-
This chemical is used for rapid settling
and to speed up in co-agulation process.Poly electrolyte is continuously supply
to the co-agulation tank by electronic
dosing pump.
Electronic Dosing Pump
5. Lamella Clarifier1 and 2:-
Effluent added chemicals are
passed to Lamella clarifier 1 &2. A lamella clarifier is the
equipment that features a rack
of inclined metal plates that
causes flocculated material to
settle down at the bottom of
the tank. Inclined plate settlers
also slow down the flow of
water.
Settled solid substances are
drained from the bottom and
send to filter press. Filter Lamella Clarifier
press separates the solids from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flocculatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flocculatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal -
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the liquids so that the useful part can be processed, packaged or delivered to
the next step. Filter presses generally work in a batch manner. The plates are
clamped together and then a pump starts feeding the slurry into the filter press
to complete a filtering cycle and produce a batch of solid filtered material,
called the filter cake. The stack of plates is opened, solid is removed, and thestack of plates is re-clamped and the filtering cycle is repeated. And water
obtained from the filter press again sent to equalization tank for further
chemical treatment and filtration process.
Floating masses are removed from the top manually. Thus clarified the water is
collected in the collection water tank. Sludge is collected to a primary collector
and passed it to filter press by using a screw pump. Sludge inside filter press is
transformed into solid sludge by compressing the sludge with help of good
quality fabric. And some amount of water is filtered in the process and same
water is again sent to equalization tank. And sludge obtained from the filter
chamber is collected and expose to the sunlight to dry which is known as sludge
cake. Dried sludges are kept inside plastic bags, sealed and kept in a safe
custody and disposed through authorized agency for a safe disposal.
6. Secondary collection tank:
After water is separated fromsludge, it is collected in primary
collection or clarified water
collection tank 1 & 2. Each tank has
two separate portion divided by a
partition leaving some space at the
bottom which allows only water to
pass. The sludge will float on the
surface of water, where sludge is
removed manually. Then theclarified water is sent to collection
tank from where water again
feeding to pressure sand filter by
using pump.
Secondary Clarifier
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Sludge Collection
7. Pressure Sand Filter (PSF):
After the treatment of chemical,
water still may contains minute
particles and pressure sand
filter purified them. This filtercontains pebble, core sand and
fine sand and which purified the
water as much as possible. The
water comes from top and
comes out from the bottom
which is feeding by using filter
pumps. And again water is feed
from the top to the Activated
Carbon Filter.
Pressure Sand and Activated Carbon filter
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8. Activated Carbon filter (ACF):
This filter comprise of carbon with improved contact surface area, which
reduces the odor of water.
Document maintained in the unit:
1. Daily chemical consumption Log sheet.2. Monthly operational Log sheet.
Government provided a certain tolerance which has to be followed. The treated
water discharge from ETP is sent to lab to check quality of water whether it
confirm to the standard set up or not. The test is conducted in BARC-Banglore
Analytical Research Centre. And these test reports have to be maintained by
ETP unit.
Tolerance limits for industrial effluent discharged into Board sewers
Sl.no. Parameter Limit
1. Colour and odour --
2. Suspended solids 600
3. Particle size of Suspended --
4. PH
value 5.5 9
5. Temperature --
6. Oil and grease mg/L 20
7. Total residual Chlorine --
8. Ammonical Nitrogen (as N), mg/L max 50
9. Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen ( N ) --
10. Free Ammonia ( NH3) mg/L --
11. Biochemical Oxygen demand BOD ( 3 days at 27OC)
( mg/L, max)
350
12. Chemical Oxygen demand, mg/L, max --
13. Arsenic ( as As), (mg/L),max 0.2
14. Mercury ( as Hg), mg/L, max 0.01
15. Lead (as Pb) mg/L, max 1.0
16. Cadmium (as Cd) mg/L, max 1.0
17. Hexavalent Chromium (as Cr + 6), mg/L max 2.0
18. Total Chromium(as Cr0, mg/L, max 2.0
19. Copper (as Cu ), mg/L, max 3.0
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20. Zinc 9as Zn),mg/L, max 15
21. Selenium (as Se), mg/L, max 0.05
22. Nickel (as Ni), mg/L max 3.0
23. Cyanide (as CN), mg/L, max 2.0
24. Fluoride (as F), mg/L, max 15
25. Dissolved Phosphate (as P), mg/L, max --26. Sulphide (as S) mg/L, max --
27. Phenolic compounds (as C6H5OH) 5.0
28. Radioactive materials
(a) Alpha emitters (Micro curie/ml) max
(b) Beta emitters (micro curie/ ml) max
10-7
10-6
29. Bio-assay test 90% survival of fish after 96 hours in
100% effluent.
30. Manganese (as Mn) mg/L 2
31. Iron(as Fe) mg/L 3
32. Vanadium (as V) 0.2
33. Nitrate Nitrogen mg/L --34. Sulphates (as SO4 ) mg/L 1000
35. Total Dissolved Solids (inorganic) mg/L 2100
36. Chlorides (as CL) mg/L 600
37. Boron (as B) mg/L max 2.0
38. Percent sodium max 30
Advantages of ETP:
1. Reduced water consumption by effective recycling of water.2. To have clean environment.3. Improved efficiency.4. To increase company image.5. Better use of resources.6. More effective compliance with legislation.
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CONCLUSION
The company is successfully manufacturing the products considering the
lifestyle, fashion trends of the global market and also keeping the buyer
requirement in mind. In the meantime they ensure that their manufacturing
process gives no harm to surrounding environment and habitants by
implementing such programs. Thus by considering the above we can come to a
conclusion that buyers are attracted by the companys product and
compliances.