ethylene oxide monitoring experience in colorado
TRANSCRIPT
Ethylene Oxide Monitoring Experience
in Colorado Gordon Pierce
Technical Services Program Manager
Monitoring Steering Committee Meeting, 5/14/2019
Ethylene Oxide Flammable, colorless gas used to make other chemicals
that are used in making a range of products, including antifreeze, textiles, plastics, detergents and adhesives
Also used to sterilize equipment and plastic devices that cannot be sterilized by steam, such as medical equipment
Non-cancer effects Eye and respiratory irritation
Headache, nausea, memory loss, numbness
Increased rate of miscarriage in female workers
Cancer effects Increased risk of lymphoid (lymphoma, leukemia, myeloma)
and breast cancer in workers
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Issue On 8/22/2018, The US Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) released their 2014 National Air Toxics Assessment (NATA)
EPA significantly lowered the IRIS health risk threshold for ethylene oxide (by 30x) in Dec. 2016
An increased potential cancer risk was noted for census tracts due to several facilities nationwide
Terumo BCT in Lakewood, CO was one of the facilities 2014 NATA cancer risk for ethylene oxide ~500/million
The Colorado Department of Health and Environment decided to perform ambient air monitoring in the area to determine actual ethylene oxide concentrations
Community meeting held after risk assessment performed
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2014 NATA ethylene oxide sources (>0.5 TPY)
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State Locality Facility Name NAICS description Facility source description NEI_Emis_(tons)LA Hahnville Union Carbide Corp - St Charles Operations Petrochemical Manufacturing Chemical Plant 15.0324015TX PORT NECHES PORT NECHES PLANT Petrochemical Manufacturing Chemical Plant 10.776TX Laredo Midwest Sterilization Corp Surgical Appliance and Supplies Manufacturing 7.869TX LONGVIEW TEXAS OPERATIONS Petrochemical Manufacturing Chemical Plant 7.4139LA Geismar BASF Corp - Geismar Site All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Chemical Plant 7.13912891LA Westlake Sasol Chemicals (USA) LLC - Lake Charles Chemical Complex All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Chemical Plant 6.3198945TX PASADENA CLEAR LAKE PLANT Petrochemical Manufacturing Chemical Plant 5.9467TX SEADRIFT SEADRIFT PLANT Petrochemical Manufacturing Chemical Plant 5.1958LA Geismar Shell Chemical LP - Geismar Plant Petrochemical Manufacturing Chemical Plant 4.829033538TX PASADENA BAYPORT UNDERWOOD PLANT Petrochemical Manufacturing Chemical Plant 4.0277MO Jackson Midwest Sterilization Corp-Jackson Surgical Appliance and Supplies Manufacturing 3.491PA ALLENTOWN B BRAUN MED INC/ALLENTOWN Offices of Physicians (except Mental Health Specialists) 3.3GA Covington C R Bard Surgical and Medical Instrument Manufacturing 3.02355WV INSTITUTE UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION-INSTITUTE All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing 2.9088NM Santa Teresa STERIGENICS-SANTA TERESA FACILITY Packaging and Labeling Services 2.8805IL Willowbrook Sterigenics US LLC Packaging and Labeling Services 2.78298184TX CONROE CONROE FACILITY Petrochemical Manufacturing Chemical Plant 2.6693LA New Hampton BCP Ingredients Inc Other Animal Food Manufacturing 2.501710002KY Brandenburg Monument Chemical Kentucky LLC All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Chemical Plant 1.875501MO VERONA BCP INGREDIENTS VERONA PLANT Medicinal and Botanical Manufacturing Pharmaceutical 1.83265LA Plaquemine The Dow Chemical Co - Louisiana Operations All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Chemical Plant 1.8021955LA Reserve Air Products Performance Manufacturing Inc - Reserve Plant Surface Active Agent Manufacturing 1.61095GA Smyrna Griffith Micro Science Inc All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 1.5945IL Waukegan Medline Industries Inc Northpoint Services Div Packaging and Labeling Services 1.5288DE NEW CASTLE CRODA INC. Surface Active Agent Manufacturing 1.347147965IA WEBSTER CITY VAN DIEST SUPPLY COMPANY Pesticide and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing 1.27UT Salt Lake City Ethylene Oxide Commercial Sterilization Surgical Appliance and Supplies Manufacturing 1.179LA St. Gabriel Taminco US LLC All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Chemical Plant 1.14947CO LAKEWOOD TERUMO BCT STERILIZATION SERVICES, INC Surgical and Medical Instrument Manufacturing 1.11SC CHARLESTON SOLVAY USA INC All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Chemical Plant 0.962TX CHANNELVIEW CHANNELVIEW PLANT Petrochemical Manufacturing Chemical Plant 0.9593WV SOUTH UNION CARBIDE CORP -SO CHARLESTON FAC. All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Chemical Plant 0.8282TX CLUTE DOW TEXAS OPERATIONS FREEPORT Petrochemical Manufacturing Chemical Plant 0.7113PR Anasco Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Surgical and Medical Instrument Manufacturing 0.69355MI GRAND RAPIDS Vention Medical Inc. Surgical and Medical Instrument Manufacturing 0.585165TX San Angelo Ethicon Inc Surgical and Medical Instrument Manufacturing 0.5485TX FREEPORT PETROCHEMICAL REFINING All Other Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing 0.5072NJ WASHINGTON BASF Corporation Surface Active Agent Manufacturing 0.506445SC Spatanburg BASF Chemical Corporation - White Stone Site Surface Active Agent Manufacturing 0.5
Colorado 2014 NEI ethylene oxide sources
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FACILITY CITY EMISS. (lb) NAICS DESCRIPTIONTERUMO BCT STERILIZATION SERVICES, INC LAKEWOOD 2220 SURGICAL AND MEDICAL INSTRUMENT MFG.COORSTEK, INC. - WEST TABLE MTN PLANT GOLDEN 329.222ROCKY MOUNTAIN PRESTAIN, LLC COMMERCE CITY 164 WOOD PRESERVATION.COMMUNITY HOSPITAL GRAND JUNCTION 110 GENERAL MEDICAL AND SURGICAL HOSPITALS.NORTH COLORADO MEDICAL CENTER - MAIN GREELEY 100 GENERAL MEDICAL AND SURGICAL HOSPITALS.U.S. VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER DENVER 98 GENERAL MEDICAL AND SURGICAL HOSPITALS.JORGENSEN LABORATORIES, INC. LOVELAND 40 MEDICAL LABORATORIES.SWEDISH MEDICAL CENTER ENGLEWOOD 38.9 GENERAL MEDICAL AND SURGICAL HOSPITALS.ST MARY CORWIN REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER PUEBLO 8 GENERAL MEDICAL AND SURGICAL HOSPITALS.COORSTEK, INC. - 600 9TH STREET GOLDEN 2.462ST. ANTHONY HOSPITAL - NORTH WESTMINSTER 0 GENERAL MEDICAL AND SURGICAL HOSPITALS.DENVER HEALTH & GENERAL HOSPITAL DENVER 0 GENERAL MEDICAL AND SURGICAL HOSPITALS.ST JOSEPH HOSP DENVER 0 GENERAL MEDICAL AND SURGICAL HOSPITALS.
Ethylene oxide sources in Denver area
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Terumo BCT overview
Based in Lakewood, CO (suburb of Denver) Manufacturer of blood component, therapeutic
apheresis and cellular technologies Uses ethylene oxide to sterilize medical equipment 3 emissions sources:
Main chamber vents (6 chambers) – emissions controlled by wet acid scrubber
Chamber back flush vents – not initially controlled as not required under MACT
Aeration room – emissions controlled by dry sorbent scrubber
Emitting ~1.1 TPY of EtO (permitted for 5 TPY) 7
Terumo BCT
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2014 NATA
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Sampling overview
Air sampling performed using whole-air stainless steel ‘Summa’ canisters 7 consecutive days of sampling Background samples 24-hour samples, approx. 7 a.m. – 7 a.m. Analyses performed by Eastern Research Group
(ERG)
Site locations determined by: Meteorology Topography Modeling
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Monitoring overview 8/24/2018—8/30/2018 = “Pre-control” sampling
Air sampling conducted at 4 sites around Terumo BCT sterilization facility
2 sites to west of the facility, 2 sites to the east 9/9/2018 – 9/10/2018 = Background sampling
2 sites Terumo BCT modified systems to control more of their ethylene
oxide emissions Back vents routed to main vents wet acid scrubber system
10/17/2018—10/23/2018 = “Post-control” sampling Air sampling conducted at 8 sites around Terumo BCT sterilization
facility 3 sites to west of the facility, 5 sites to the east
10/26/2018—10/29/2018 = Background sampling 4 sites
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Sampling locations around Terumo
BCT
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Background sampling locations
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Sampling photo
examples
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Monitoring Results
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Cancer Risk
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Post-control cancer risk perspective (based on monitoring data)
Largest calculated risk: 1,500 in one million excess risk of cancer Equivalent to 0.15% increased risk
Lifetime risk (all causes) in US Non-Hodgkins lymphoma - 2.1%
Breast cancer 12.4%
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Cancer rates in the community
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Co-elution issue Trans-2-butene identified as a co-eluting compound ERG made changes to add ions to the MS analysis to
resolve the issue Data from pre-control samples potentially affected
Post-control samples were analyzed after ERG made changes to analytical method
From CDPHE ozone precursor sampling conducted in Denver around the same timeframe, trans-2-butene was detected only 1 time (in 12 samples)
ERG determined that trans-2-butene was only detected in ~40% of the samples analyzed in 2018 with an average concentration of ~0.06 ppbv
Result: Likely that there was very little or no impact to pre-control samples from trans-2-butene
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Conclusions Post-control sample values were significantly lower (50-75%)
than the pre-control values, indicating that the new back vent emissions controls are having an impact
Concentrations decreased with distance from the Terumo BCT sterilization facility in both east and west directions
Many of the post-control samples were in the same general range as some of the background samples, especially for the sites further away in residential neighborhoods
Cancer risks at all sampling locations (including background) were elevated compared to the EPA’s acceptable risk range
The rates of cancer in the community surrounding Terumo BCT were not statistically different than expected compared to the rest of Colorado
Background concentrations have been found in other areas of the country as well
https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/cdphe/ethylene-oxide 20