Highlights of TLUD StoveDevelopment Worldwidein 2013 to January 2014

( TLUD refers to “Top-Lit UpDraft” micro-gasification )

Juntos Energy Solutions, NFPAwamu Biomass Energy Ltd (Uganda)

Paul S. Anderson PhD

“Dr TLUD” ( Doc Tee-lud ) psanders@ilstu.edu

A Presentation at 2014 ETHOS ConferenceSeattle-Kirkland, WA, USA

24-26 January 2014

Abstract• The pace of development of TLUD micro-gasifier

cookstoves has further increased during 2013.

• Highlighted are numerous devices, activities and results. Some are presented at the ETHOS conference.

• Classification of micro-gasifier stoves according to key variables

– of significant features, emissions, specialty fuels, char production, natural or forced draft, materials and manufacturing, costs, marketing, etc.

• Major issues for TLUD stoves in 2014 are named.

Manual by Roth for GIZ(revision is in press)

• Micro-gasification: Cooking with Gas from Biomass

• Revision / up-date available probably in February 2014

Micro-gasification Terminology

• Document available at: www.drtlud.com

• “TLUD” re-defined as a name, not an acronym, referring to small UpDraft processes and devices, as in “Tiny Little” UpDraft.

• Migratory Pyrolytic Front (MPF) is the essential distinguishing characteristic of Top-Lit UpDraft, therefore TLUD-MPF.

• After MPF ends, continuation of burning becomes TLUD-BB (Bottom Burning)

– New fuel added on top of char is being “retorted”

– Burning only charcoal is bad for stove & heat transfer

Stove Camps and Research

• TLUD technology featured at Stove Camp at Aprovecho in July 2013 and next week

• Kirk Harris (will make next presentation)

• Materials testing

• Issues of materials and weight of TLUD cookstoves: heavy vs. light weight TLUDs.

Awamu “Quad” (versions 2 & 3)TLUD-ND dimensions identical to the Mwoto “Classic” TLUD.400 units produced. US$14 per stove. Flat Pack fabrication. Test results on Internet.Mainly “Tab & Slot” assembly, to be done near point of sale.

Too difficult to produce sufficient quantities with adequate quality, even with jigs.

Troika TLUD (Russian word for 3)

• Successor to the Quad designs, to have ease of production.• Prototype in USA in late 2013; taken to Uganda in January 2014 for African modifications and initial 5 units.• Training and sample units taken from Uganda to Kenya and Tanzania in January 2014, where it is called Jiko Bingwa (Champion Stove, a name used since 2005 for this style of TLUD-ND).

Bingwa (Champion) TLUD Stove[A Troika design by Anderson]

• Combustor top similar to Quad.

• Three wooden legs joined by strong metal.

• Outer cylinder 700 mm circum. & 8.75 inch diameter = Quad size

• Inner fuel chambers of many sizes.

• Primary air control !!!!

Other TLUD-ND in Production• Peko Pe: Zambia & Norway, at ETHOS by Jan Sorensen.• Jiko Bomba: Tanzania. by Bjarne Laustsen. Intended to use with pellet fuel.

Other TLUD-ND in Production• Gastov (3 models) by KIRDI = Kenya Industrial

Research and Development Institute. Heavy stove; fuel chamber is lifted out to extinguish.

Other TLUD-ND in Production

• Maliaka Jiko (left) Kenya, by Wisdom stoves. This is an excellent TChar unit on a charcoal stove.

• Riziki TLUD-ND (right) by Wisdom. No riser because secondary air inlets are 10 cm below rim.

Other TLUD-ND in Production

• Estufa Finca: Costa Rica, by Seachar / Art Donnelly (presented at ETHOS 2014)

• TLUD stoves in China (some with FA): Silverfire units from China are sold in North

America by Todd Albi, Eugene, Oregon.

Others with presentation at ETHOS 2014.

Rice Husk TLUD-FA Devices

• Several presented at ETHOS 2014 and are a major topic at Aprovecho Open House next week:

• Alexis Belonio

• Paul Olivier

• HOS/Rua

• Troika

Lacking during 2013

• Very little testing results reported.

• No or very little word from many that are known to be involved with TLUD work:

– Colorado State University (large grant)

– Companies that hold their information about possible work on TLUD topics (maybe none to report):

• (EnviroFit, Burn, WorldStove, Stove Tec., First Energy, Nurhuda Stoves, )

• .

Fuels

• Increasing interest in pellets/briquettes

TLUD Rental Program in Uganda.• In very specific communities, women in groups

(similar to micro-finance groups) with shared responsibility for payments of:

– Stove rental of USD 0.33 per month

– 500 grams of dry char per stove per day. (Company receives payment per KG, to be sequestered.)

• Stoves are maintained by company or project.

• Project already started in Uganda by Awamu.

• Presentation by Ted Redelmeier at ETHOS 2014.

Merry Go Round Large TLUDs for

Biochar in Thailand

Awamu Institutional Stove

• 100 to 300 liter sizes (shown 150 L; second lip provides seal and handles.)

• Triple concentric air channel (with insulation under top and in outer gap, for heat transfer efficiency and cooler sides; chimney sustains draft.)

• Large TLUD-ND gasifier (Fuel container 40 cm Dia. x 36 cm H; 2 units provide continual heat; use smaller units for simmer.)

• Assembled on site(as fixed or portable)

• Price: Not yet decided.

• 100% Uganda-made.

On-going Debates

• Debate about how the quantities of produced char are included in the calculations of efficiencies.

• Debate about centralized and decentralized production of stoves, including TLUD models.

Major Issues for TLUD Stoves in 2014

• Establishment of high usage of TLUD cookstoves in some communities.

• Lowering of costs of each stove.

• Materials and increased production

• Improvement of procedures for:

– Ignition

– Extinguishing each batch

• Design changes