ethiopian nile irrigation and drainage project · avoid problpffi related to watel logr,ing in...

inistry ofWater Resources

Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project

FINAL TASK TWO REPORT

January 2 0 11

Beza Consulting Engineers PIc Address: P. O. Box 41292, Addis Ababa, ETHIOPIA

Phone: +251- 16 - 6328 61/62 Fax: +251 - 16 - 627809

Email: [email protected] Website: www.bezaconsult.com

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http:www.bezaconsult.commailto:[email protected] TextRP1131 V3

Beza Consulting Engineers Pic

Activity 2007 2008 2009

N D J F M A M J J A S a N D J F MA MJ J A S o N D

L Improvements in Monitoring of RAP

1.1 Public consultation I L I I I I I I I I I I I I I I J 1 ') Fstabllshment of a social unit

1,3 (stab1ishment of database enhancement for

monitoring

L41dentification ot vulnerable people

1 ~ Assistance to vulnerable people

1.6 Grievance redressing

2,Compeonsation and livelihood Restoration

2. livelihood Restoration

2.1 Agricultural extension services and farmer training

centers support

2.2 Training on beehives, fisheries,& crafting skills

2.3 Small business support

3. Publlc Service Improvemf'nts

3.1 School support or expansion

3.2 Hea!th service promotion and support

3.3 Water harvesting training and construction

3.4 Training and demonstration on fuel and labour

efficient devices

4, Corrective Measures of the RAP

--~- - --

• The whole displacement and land alienation activates started in April 2007 and all the proposed activates expected to be completed before the end of 2011

Ethiopian Nile Irregation Project

~ -- ~ -- '-_;c_

(January 20111

2010 2011 Remark J F MA M J J A 5 o N D J f M A MJ J A S o N D

Expected to be held whenever needpd at all ':>tages

Social unit indtJde~ woreda & kebele level committee

Start ",t the end of bascline/",oo(l emn survey

Identif1e(l during !;OClO ceon survey

Unsettled grievances need to be addressed aU the wdy

L-.xpectcd soon to be started

Routine health monitoring should start at f.>arlv stage to avoid problPffi related to watel logr,ing in qtJames ..

Commences three months after the dbove major tf')ining

~~ and demonstration a

Table of Contents

1 Introduction ............................................................................................ ....... 3 2. Legal, Policy and Administrative Framework .................................................... 6

3. Socio-economic Profile of the PAPs ................................................................. 21

3.1 Demographic and Livelihood Issues ............................................................................. 21

3.2 Assets Possession .............................................................................................................. 22 3.3 Vulnerable Groups .......................................................................................................... 23

3.4 Access to Services ................... : ........................................................................................ 24

3.5 Issues on Land Certification ........................................................................................... 25

3.6 Compensation Preference .............................................................................................. 25 4 Magnitude of Impacts by Category ................................................................. 27

4.1 General ............................................................................................................................. 27 4.2 Affected Farm & Grazing Lands'and Households ....................................................... 35 4.3 Quantification and Analysis of Loss of Food Grains Due to Loss of Land ............... 35

4.4 Impacts on Residential Houses.. .................................................................................... 36

4.5 Affected Trees and Households .................................................................................... 37

5. Proposed Mitigations ..................................................................................... 40

5.1 Valuation and Compensation Disbursed ...................................................................... 40

5.2 Relocation Site ................................................................................................................. 42

5.3 Resettlement and Rehabilitation Assistance ................................................................. 42

5.3.1 Beekeeping and Honey Production:- ..................................................... .43 5.3.2 Fishery Resource Development ............................................................... 44

5.3.3 Handcraft .............................................................................................. 46

5.3.4 Flour Mill .............................................................................................. 47

5.3.5 Agricultural Extension Support ................................................................ 47

5.3.6 Petty trading for organized women ....................................................... .48 5.3.7 Training and Capacity Building .............................................................. .48

5.4 H/V/AIDS Prevention ..................................................................................................... 49

6. Monitoring and Evaluation ............................................................................ 52

6.1 Responsible Institutions .................................................................................................. 52

6.2 Performance Monitoring of the RAP ........................................................................... 53

6.3 Impact Monitoring of the RAP ..................................................................................... 54 6.4 Mitigation measures ........................................................................................................ 54

7. Budgetary and Resource Requirement ............................................................. 57


List of Tables

Table 2.1: Government of Ethiopia: Comparative analysis of Legal and Policy Framework on Compensation and Resettlement and Rehabilitation

Table 2.2: Government of Ethiopia - Details of Entitlements Table 3.1: Socio-economic and Demographic Indicators amongst PAPs in Farta and

Ebinat Woredas Table 3.2: Livestock Ownership amongst PAPs Table 3.3: Vulnerability Status amongst PAPs Table 3.4: Access to Various Social Services Table 4.1: Area of Land (Crop) lost in Hectare Table 4.2: Number of PAHHs and Residential Houses lost Table 4.3: Number of Trees (No.) Lost Table 4.4 Summary of the Affected and likely to be affected Households and

Properties Table 5.1: Unit Rates for Trees (Birr) Table 5.2: Summaries of the Compensation/Estimated Value (Birr) Table 6.1: Proposed Action Plan Table7.1-Estimated Cost and Budget for Implementation of the RAP for Rib Project

List of Annexes

• Cadastral Map • Time Table for Mitigation Measures Chart • Relocation sites Picture • List of property owners affected • Property affected by project and value of Compensation in ETB • Conformation letters • EPLAUA- Guideline • Photo Ribb • likely & Affected PAPs

Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project 2

CHAPTER 1

1 Introduction

As indicated in the TOR, the whole assignment is divided into two major parts:

Task One and Task Two. Task one is aimed at assessing the ongoing relocation,

resettlement and compensation payment activities in Ribb Irrigation Scheme,

specifically in the dam site, camp site, borrow pits/quarry sites and access

roads. Thus, the assignment is to assess the situation in theses sites alone.

Assessing the situation in reservoir and irrigable areas is not within the mandate

of the present assignment. Task one is already submitted to the Client-

MoWR). Task Two is to include the findings of Task One as well as all other

findings (not only existing situation but also all other potential relocation and

displacements). In short, Task Two is now culminating with the preparation

of a Resettlement Action Plan that is showing the magnitude of all

displacements, legal and institutional provisions, mitigation measures etc.

Detailed Project Description:

Ribb Dam is located on the Ribb River, on the eastern side of Lake Tana Basin,

in the South Gondar Zone of Amhara National Regional State.

Lake Tana Basin is one of the major agricultural areas of the country. However,

this potential area is under threat. The ever-increasing devastation of the

natural vegetation, the steep slopes, and traditional land management

practices. poorly adapted to land conservation under the prevailing conditions.

have resulted in dramatic soil erosion in the area.

The basin population is expected to triple over the next fifty years. This will

place enormous additional pressure on the land base in the highlands, where it

is already fully utilized. Indeed, it is clear that the land as a whole cannot

possibly absorb the expected population. and alternate means of livelihood

must be created.

Surface inflows overtopping the riverbanks, direct rainfall on the area, poor

drained soil and Lake Tana backwater effect also contribute to flooding in the

area. These has even hampered the development of rainfed crops during the

main season.


The introduction of irrigation will make farmers feel more secure about their basic food supply and enable them to diversify their crops based on local market demand and export opportunities.

The Eastern Nile 5ubsidiary Action Program (EN5AP). under the umbrella of Nile Basin Initiative (NB\). is a regional program of cooperation that seeks to initiate integrated and mUltipurpose set of investments in Egypt. Ethiopia and the Sudan. In line with this regional cooperation. the three countries have already identified sub-projects mainly centered on land and water management.

The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia has made an agreement with the World Bank to prepare the Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project (ENIDP). For this project. the World Bank will finance for up to 20.000ha.of new irrigation agriculture development and for complete detailed feasibility studies of up to 80.000ha. Megech pump (at 5eraba) and the Ribb River are designated schemes to be financed for development by the Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project.

Prior to financing and implementing dam and irrigation development schemes that may entail relocations. the World Bank financing procedures requires critical investigation of involuntary resettlement issues and ensure restoration of the project affected people livelihoods in real terms to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation. whichever is higher.

The Ribb dam construction site is situated in the South Gonder zone of the Amhara National Regional State. Immediate influence areas of the dam are found in two Woredas of the South Gonder zone namely Ebinat and Farta. Geographical location of the dam construction site is found at E370 591 45", N12° 02'30" at about 683km's away from Addis Ababa.

Project Social Impacts:

The project impacts are mostly related to permanent land acquisition, removal of planted trees, demolishing of houses (roofed with corrugated iron sheet) and Tukuls (grass touched roof) in the reservoir area and possible damage to unprotected water source (springs) for domestic consumption. It is estimated that about 2500 acacia/fig trees to be removed. 150 houses will be demolished


out of which, 37 houses (roofed with corrugated iron sheet) and 113 Tukuls and about 1000 hectares farmland will be inundated by water.

Measures to Avoid or Minimize Project Impacts:

During the project planning and design stage the consultant has proposed mitigation measures that enable to reduce the predictable and possible impacts of the project.

a) The dispossession of farmland even if it is not the new approach in the area requires organizing plans that illustrates optimization and appropriate transparent valuation of lost assets and benefits derived from individual landholding in particular and impacts of project construction on local socio-economic resources are considered in preparation of the plan.

b) Dam construction project will increase population influx, which usually aggravates stress on socio economic service giving institutions. Therefore, preplanning for improvement and construction of additional facilities needs to be dealt in depth.

c) Establishing institution dealing with Dam project to reform or heal social pathologies associated with reservoir or transparently in place the legal provision that that safeguarding the need and rights of displaces.

d) Optimizing construction capacity of the contractor to shorten the construction period and arranging disruption and construction time sections in a reasonable manner.

Rehabilitation and Income Restoration

According to the law of the country for the permanent land acquisition in the reservoir area compensation shall be dispersed to the landholder on the basis of replacement cost of property. Furthermore a rural landholder whose landholding has been permanently expropriated shall, in addition to the aforementioned compensation, be paid displacement compensation for lost income based on average annual income secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of land and such compensation is for only ten years.


CHAPTER 2

2. Legal, Policy and Administrative Framework

A series of legal documents including Proclamation No. 456/2005 on Federal Rural Land Administration and Land Use. Federal Proclamation No. 455/2005 and Regulation No.135/2007 (on expropriation of land holdings for public use). Amhara Regional State Rural Land Administration and Use Proclamation No. 133/2006. Regulation No. 51/2007 on the Amhara Regional State Rural Land Administration and Use System implementation. Proclamation No.47/ 2000 on the establishment of EPLAUA. the MoWRs Resettlement Policy Framework, the Environmental policy of Ethiopia. (1997), Enviromental Protection. Land use Authority (EPLUA), 2009 and the World Bank OP and BP 4.12 are basis for the preparation of this report and subsequent RAP.

Article 44.2. of the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. (1995), provides interventions for public goods, which may cause displacement of people or adversely affect the livelihoods of the local populations. It also gives the right to compensation by monetary or other means including resettlement. with adequate state assistance. World Bank Operational Policies and Bank procedures explicitly address the need for proper compensation payments and restitution of livelihoods.

Article 40 (3) and 44 (2) of the Constitution of Government of Ethiopia (GoE). guarantees 'usufruct rights' of people and 'recognizes' compensatory measures when these rights are adversely affected by investments for public goods. respectively. In addition Article 40 (8) recognizes advance payment of compensation for private property expropriated for public purpose. The principles enshrined in the Constitution of GoE underpin the series of Proclamations of Federal and Regional governments on compensation and assistance to resettle and rehabilitate the affected people. In context of the project. a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) was prepared prior to carrying out social impact assessment (SIA). The framework clearly stipulates that an entitlement matrix needs to be prepared for which SIA is a pre-requisite. SIA helps to establish types of losses to develop the entitlement matrix for R&R assistance which is over and above the compensation provided under local laws to resettle and rehabilitate the affected people. Overall the RPF is broadly consistent with World Bank's OP 4.12 and with GoE's legal framework (refer Table 1 given below), Since the RPF was prepared prior to SIA. few issues may


be considered to prepare the comprehensive entitlement matrix (refer Table 2 given below). This includes (i) support during transition period i.e. time taken to build or develop a productive asset; Oi) current market price for valuation of assets for determining replacement cost; (iii) clear definition of vulnerable groups: and (iv) procedural clarity on some issues. etc as explained in table 1 and 2. This will ensure that the affected receive their individual entitlement and are fully compensated and supported with additional assistance to at least restore their livelihood.


_~~_~~_S_C?~_s_~~t!~_~_~~~i~~~!~_~_~S ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ l~~~_~~_ry_~~_l])_

Table 2.1: Government of Ethiopia: Comparative Analysis of legal and Policy Framework on Compensation and Resettlement and Rehabilitation

Components World Bank OP 4.12

COnJultation I Informed consultation throughout the

preparation and

implementation of the

project (Para 6 a i. & ii).

Federal Proclamation

15 July 2005

Not mandated

Environmental Protection, Land

Administration and Use Authority

(EPLAUA) 2009

Not mandated

Cut-off date Cut-off date established Federal Proclamation I Not defined to establish by the borrower and No.455/2005 in Article

eligibility acceptable to the Bank. 4 no.2 the period of

(Para 15 & 16) In notification order that practice it is the date on should be given in any

which census is carried circumstances at least

out ninety days.

Definition of I Those below the poverty I Not defined Vulnerable line. the landless. the

elderly. women and

children.

minorities.

ethnic

or other


Not defined

Resettlement Policy

Framework

Recognizes

Remarks and

suggested actions

Field assessment

consultation as a key I indicates that people activity through the are well informed

entire process

planning

implementation

of I and participate in the and decision making

process on surveys

and valuation for

compensation.

The date on which In practice. it is the

assessment is carried date on which the

out affected are identified

Consistent with OP

4.12. Vulnerable

households may have

different land needs

from most

8

_~.::~~_

recognize laws of become through identified resettle me those w recogniza or claim are occup

I

Land Involunta agriculture. land resu grazing and relocation common shelter; I land access to Trees income so Houses of liveliho

not the a must mo location (

I under the he country or

recognized a process

in the nt plan; and 10 have no ,Ie legal right ) the land they ling (Para 15).

y takinl ing

or I ss of a ssets; 0 urces 0 od. wh, ffected Ie to 'ara 3)

eviction from their possession. The implementation shall be specified by law.

I There are various Not defined Consistent with categories of losses. 4.12 However. the legal framework does not differentiate between various types of losses

Not defined

--------

land Provide prompt and Compensate ' at If there exists permanent Rehabilitation

~~~~-

OP

effective compensation replacement cost for improvement on a rural land. the Assistance" means the at full replacement cost property situated on compensation in this regard will be provision of for losses of assets land; value of capital calculated in consideration of the development attributable directly to and labour towards material and labour costs incurred assistance in the project (Para 6 a). permanent to clear and level the land and addition to


--------

The 10SSE

ofa

-

10

_~~~~_S_()~_S_~~~!:~_~':~~~~~~L~_~S ____ ._._. ___ . _________ . _________________________ ._. ___ . _____ . _________ ._._. ___________________ . ___ . _______ . _____________ ._._. ______ ~~~~1l~_r.Y._~~_1])_

Trees

improvement of land: construct terraces as well as to hold compensation such as land based water and undertake other land preparation. compensation and agricultural infrastructures. credit facilities. compensation calculated training. or on average annual job opportunities. income secured preceding 10 or 5 yrs from expropriation:


needed to enable project affected persons to improve their living standards. income earning capacity and production levels: or at least maintain them at pre-project levels.

-Compensation for trees is lin accordance with calculated based on the growth the local laws stage of the tree and using the current unit or M2 price. If the tree is eucalyptus. its price will be multiplied by 3 fold assuming that it can germinate and produce 3 times.

-However. if the owner wishes to take the plantation instead of compensation. he can remove the tree from the land within the time

11

_~~~~5:_

_~~~~_

(Para 6 c (ii & iii) land preparation, considered as the credit facilities, entitlement towards training. or improvement or job opportunities, restoration of needed to enable livelihood. projed affected

persons to improve their living standards. income earning capacity and production levels; or at least Maintain them at pre-project levels.

--------------

Additional Particular attention needs No additional measures Not defined For vulnerable assistance for to be paid (para 8) groups identified in

vulnerable earlier section of this RPF

replacement values

will be based on

actual replacement

cost;

Ethiopian Irrigation and Drainage Project 14

_~~_~~S_'?!'_S_~~!~_ll_~,!~i~~7!~_~_LS ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ !~~!1_11~_ry_~g_I])_

Entitlement Matrix

Table 2.2: Government of Ethiopia - Details of Entitlements

Category of loss

land

Agriculture land

Grazing land

Type of Entitlement

Replacement cost

Replacement cost

Common land I Replacement cost

Unit for entitlement

Household

Household

Kebele

Details of Entitlement

Compensation under law R&.R assistance as per World Bank OP 4.12 and agreed Resettlement Policy

Framework(RPF} for the Project

For temporary dislocation/ Productive asset allowance dispossession compensation in given for Difference between compensation and the numbers of years that the land is current market price of produce alienated from the owner. considered on the date for survey and For permanent compensation the adjusted for inflation.

average price of productivity for 5yrs = average produce price x 10 = Compensation Grazing land is calculated as a product Productive asset allowance = of the average yield of hay (I.e. difference between compensation and bundles/ha*position of land "'current current market price market).

Compensation for common land I Same as above area covered by the grass per square meter ,~ the current market price of the grass per square meter. See Regulation

_~:.~~_~_

_ ~ ~~~ _ ~_,?:'_S_1I~!!:_~_~,!~i!!~7!? _ ~_~

Perennial crops I The same as above

Relocation Displacement compensation

Household

Household

Construction Minimum standard I Household allowance for prescribed under local laws House for a decent shelter

1-------Construction allowance for commercial structure Transportation allowance


Household

Household

• The amount of compensation for I The same as above ripe perennial crops shall be determined on the by calculating the estimated cost for growing the plant.

• The amount of compensation for ripe perennial crops shall be determined on the basis of the average annual yield, the current local market price of the crops and the cost of permanent improvement on land.

Ten times the average annual income secured during the five years preceding expropriation of land

The local proclamation No.455/2005 and 135/2007 do not include these procedures so to fulfill this gap it is good compare/contrast International law World Bank's OP4.12.

------Same as above

In case of Ribb Dam if those who lost crop land are groping to the new irrigation site, there might be

18

_~~~~_

_ ~.:_~~ _

CHAPTER 3

3. Socio-economic Profile of the PAPs

This part of the report tries to highlight the socio economic profile of the Project Affected People (PAPs) in particular and the project influence area in general. It draws data from primary level house-to house survey as well as from secondary sources secured from various relevant offices. The socio-economic survey was conducted in three rounds and covered 463 households. The number of households covered by the house to house survey is match with the number of people affected by the construction activities in the Rib Dam area. Even though, ifs very tedious the consultant surveyed each and every household of affected people in various construction sites. Nevertheless, it is the opinion of the Consultant that the 463 families covered by the three round surveys do depict the socio economic profile of a" the PAPs and their locality, as there is a homogeneous community that exhibits similar livelihood and socio-cultural pattern.

3.1 Demographic and Livelihood Issues

As already mentioned in the previous chapters of this report, Ribb Dam project area falls into Farta and Ebinat Woredas of South Gondar Zone in the Amhara Regional State; The Socio-economic profile of the Project-Affected People is similar to the rest of the people living elsewhere in the Farta or Ebinat Weredas. As per the latest National Census (2007), the population of Farta Wereda is 232,337 and Ebinafs is 220,955 people. The densities, people living per km2, of the two Woredas are 339 in Farta and 124 in Ebinat. The Project Affected People are living in a subsistence way of life with mixed agriculture as their primary occupation. Engagement other than this mixed agriculture is quite rare. Farta and Ebinat are partly labelled as one of the food insecured areas in the South Gondar Zone. Food gaps are ever present in a year round. Discussions with the local people and officials at Kebele and Wereda levels, however, indicate that the people in the project area (those in Medeb Gubda and Amestya, Zaha Kebeles of Farta and Ebinat respectively) are in a relatively better socio-economic situation than those living in the neighboring Kebeles, It was reported that they are better endowed with croplands as well as with livestock possession and milk product ion. The average cow holding per household is three and above. This is a higher figure compared to many parts of the highland Ethiopia. As per the data secured from the Amhara Region


Environmental Protection. Land Administration and Use Authority (EPLAUA). the average land holding sizes per household amongst the PAPs is 1.16 ha.

The demographic assessment result shows that a total of 1672 family members are living in the 463 households covered by the present socio-economic survey. which implies an average family size of 5.5 persons per household. Out of the total surveyed, 70 % of them are male headed and the remaining 30% are female headed. Compared to many parts of the Country, such large numbers of female-headed households are quite high. These female-headed households constituted either a widowed. divorced or single female bread winners. Male constitute 52% of the surveyed population while the proportion of female is 48%. About 52 percent of the total population belongs to the very young age group (less than 15 years old). Those above 65 years constitute only one percent of the total. The age range of household ,heads starts from 14 to 88 years old. The marital status data of Project Affected People shows that 73% of household heads are married; 14% widowed: 10% divorced and the remaining is single.

Table 3.1: Socio-economic and Demographic Indicators amongst PAPs in Farta and Ebinat Woredas

Woreda Family Illiteracy Rate amongst the Female Headed

size Household Heads (%) Households (%)

Farta 5.2 70 32 Ebinat

15.3 76 30

Source: Household Survey, 2008

Sodo-Economic survey result on educational status of the PAPs shows that an average of 73 % of the household heads is illiterate. This implies the existence of high level of human capital development constraint within the project area. 11 percent of household heads have basic or religious education; 9 % with primary level education. Very limited household heads (4 %) found to have secondary level education. All surveyed households belong to one ethnic group, Amahra. with 97% of them adhering to Orthodox Christianity. Only three percent of households found to be Muslim.

3.2 Assets Possession

The household survey result reveals the current asset possession status of the PAPs. as mainly explained by the size of arable land. annual cash income and


livestock ownership. As the above data shows that the average total land

holding size possessed by a single family is 1.16 ha. As per focus discussion held

with local people in the two Woredas. it was reported that their yearly

production dose not sustain them. To fulfill the food gap they sell their

livestock. The survey indicates that only 15 households in Ebinat and 5 in Farta

Woredas are reported to have irrigation practice. In terms of livestock

ownership. as one way of gauging asset status amongst the PAPs. the survey

result shows the following picture.

Table 3.2: Livestock Ownership amongst PAPs

Woreda Average Ownership of Livestock Per family

Ox Cow Sheep 1 Goat Donkey Bee Hive

Farta 2.7 3.64 4.88 3.88 1.62 7

Ebinat 2.5 2.66 3.84 14.4 1.88 4.1

Source: Household Survey. 2008

3.3 Vulnerable Groups

As per the policy and legal framework of the Government and major donor

agencies (like the World Bank). vulnerable groups. like the elderly. women

household heads ( labour poor ones) and those with physical and emotional

impairment. are expected to have special support to address part of their

problems during the relocation and resettlement process. Those landless

households are also expected to have special support. The house to house

survey result shows that about six percent of the household heads are falling

within the category of vulnerable groups. Those aged ones (65 and plus) and women headed (labour poor) who lost more than 25% of their land are also added to the vulnerable groups.

Table 3.3: Vulnerability Status amongst PAPs

Vulnerability Type

Woreda Old Age Hearing Sight Landless (65 +) Impairment Impairment

Amputee household

Farta 10 1 2 1 2

Ebinat 4 1 0

Source: Household Survey, 2008


In Farta and Ebinat Woreda. there are ten and four cases of old age household

heads respectively. Two household heads are visually impaired in Farta. one

person with hearing impairment in each of the two Woredas are reported

during the Survey. Besides. one amputee family member was also found

amongst the surveyed people in Farta. This group of people needs to be

qualified as vulnerable ones and deserve additional assistance. The additional

assistance could be extended in the form of helping them during the relocation

of their properties. giving priorities to select their relocation sites as well as other physical or financial support that might ease their inconvenience. The special measure or support they deserve varies according to the local situation

and the vulnerability situation in which they are living.

3.4 Access to Services

The availability of social service in the project influence area is very limited.

There are three primary schools. Two of them are found at Medeb Gudba and

one is found at Amesteya Kebeles. There is no electric power supply and

potable water supply at village level. One health post with two health

extension workers are found at Amesteya and one health post with one

extension worker is found at Medeb Gubda Kebeles. Prior to the project

commencement. the area did not have a reliable all-weather road. except the

old dry weather (Italian period built) road that stretches from Debre Tabor

town to the project site. Based on the house to house survey result. access to

the basic social services is difficult for most households. The table below shows

the status of PAPs' access to the existing services.

Table 3.4: Access to Various Social Services

Service Type Distance in Minutes Distance in Minutes Distance in Minutes

(Minimum) (Maximum) (Average)

rta Ebinat Farta Ebinat Farta Ebinat

i School 10 10 240 180 80 55

Health Service 15 10 180 180 83 120 I

Mill service 30 5 180 60 102 60

Water Point 5 5 180 120 38 20

1 Church 10 10 180 120 84 60 Market 10 15 180 120 88 120

Source: Household Survey. 2008


The above indicators show that the people of the project area are very much in need of most of the social services in their closer vicinity. The time spent in accessing such crucial services as potable water supply is so high that it compromises with the welfare of each household in general. and women and children in particular.

3.5 Issues on Land Certification

Farta is one of the Weredas where land certification activities commenced. According to Farta Wereda Environmental Protection. Land Administration and Use Office. by now almost all households have received land certificates. In relation to the present task. inquiry was made on how official entitlement. through having certificate. was related to compensation rights. The field investigation result revealed that compensation payments for impacted crop /grazing lands were mainly effected through referring the official land rights of the owners as registered in the newly issued provisional and permanent certificates. In case of common grazing lands. however. compensation payments are expected to be paid for group members who traditionally use the land. though these grazing lands are not registered in common name and do not have a common certificate or not specified in each household's land certificate.

The last land redistribution (1997/98) done in the Amhara National Regional state was taken as a benchmark for all land entitlements and certification process. Hence. the present certification gives entitlements as per the land size allotted during the last redistribution. In cases of controversy. neighbors and elders do play their arbitration role for settling disputes/misunderstandings over land holding rights. This is how the present compensation payments have been proceeding for ensuring entitlements and compensation payments rights over the project affected crop and grazing lands.

3.6 Compensation Preference

In identifying compensation preference. field investigation result reveals that almost all Project-Affected People would like to have a land to land compensation than cash remuneration. Especially. in view of the current high food crop prices and inflation. the people prefer to have land and reap its yield than losing it. Land for land as a compensation is. however. found to be not feasible. as there is no vacant land in the immediate project influence Kebeles. In case of losing cropland. cash compensation was the only possible


way to mitigate the problem of the affected people. Kebele and Wereda level officials stress this. For those who lost residential places. the Keble administration together with the Wereda officials pledge to give plot of lands within the Kebele (Hamusit market area and which is less than two km's from the project camp site) and also in the nearby town centre like Alem Ber. Ebinat and Debre Tabor. Some affected households had already bought houses in these towns through the compensation cash they had already earned.

lAs per the discussion held with Kebele officials. it was learned that land rent for limited period of time has a legal ground and can be envisaged as one option for obtaining cultivable land. The officials strongly believe that in Medeb Gubda Kebele land through rent can still be available to address part of the land shortage problem incurred on Project-Affected People.

Restoring the livelihood of the project-affected people through other non-agricultural venture is another option discussed with the appropriate bodies. Though this issue is quite critical in involving them in other income generating activities. like Ventures as bee keeping. small-scale irrigation (through partnership with those who own land at the bank of rivers and through buying water pumps). fattening and dairy farming are in the minds of the Wereda level officials. However, not a single project profile on these proposed ideas has so far been developed. All of the compensation beneficiaries have spent their entire life on agriculture and they don't have an iota of idea as to how they are going to invest their money on another productive venture. Except very few individuals who had already bought houses. majorities still kept their cash compensation in banks. This is one important issue that needs to be addressed before the money is squandered and the people degenerate into life-long problem. Having In this mind the consultant figured out how to alleviate the situation by preparing the feasible scheme through collaboration with each stakeholder is presented underpinning section 5.3.

I According to Amhara Regional Proclamation 133. 2006 Article No.2S stated boldly that "Rent" means a system by which a former causal the use of his land. which he gets it pursuant to this proclamation, for the service of another person securing benefits in kind or cash for a limited period of time in contract.


CHAPTER 4

4 Magnitude of Impacts by Category

4.1 General

The process of compensation payments and rehabilitation procedures incorporates formation of resettlement implementation committee; inventory of the assets and land acquisition surveys; valuation of properties and delivery of entitlements.

The Woreda compensation committee is mainly responsible to undertake inventory of the assets as part of the land acquisition by the project; and to provide the database for valuation of the compensation. EPLAUA's is mandated to review the Woreda committee report, fix and approval of the compensation, land administration and utilization. MoWR, as a client, is responsible for delivery/payment of compensation.

The Woreda committee has documented the process of asset inventory and the legal framework applied as a basis for valuation of lost assets. The provisions stated under the Amhara Regional State Proclamation No. 133/2006 on "Rural Land Administration and Use" and Regulation No. 51/2007 Article 30 and sub-article 3 are applied. As the provision on Article 30 (1) of Regulation No.51/2007 and EPLAUA guideline Article12 (2), a rural landholder whose holding has been expropriated permanently shall be paid displacement compensation which shall be equivalent to ten times the average annual income produced during the last five years prior to the expropriation. On the basis of the document review. site assessments, verifications. and consultations of the Project Affected People impacts on houses, farmlands and trees are discussed in the following sub sections.

In the following sub section the consultant use the term "'ost" in description of assets impacted. This term refer that both Affected and likely to be affected. The overall affected and likely to be affected PHHs and property elucidated in last summarized table.

4.2 Review of Proclamations

As far as the consultant has tried to review the proclamation of the federal level. the regional proclamation, and EPLUA guide line, we have observed that


the EPLUA guide line is derived from the Federal proclamation. In order to justify the similarities of Proclamations The Consultant has summarized both the Federal Proclamation and EPLUA Guide Line in the as follows:

4.2.1 Federal Proclamation No.299/2002 (Assessment of compensation)

Compensation for Buildings

1. The amount of compensation for a building shall be determined on the basis of the current cost per square meter or unit for constructing a comparable building.

2. The compensation for a building shall include:

a) The current cost for constructing floor tiles of the compound, septic tank and other structures attached to the building: and

b) The estimated cost for demolishing, lifting, reconstructing, installing and connecting utility lines of the building.

3. The owner of a building shall have right to claim compensation for the entire building where part of the building is ordered to be removed.

4. Compensation shall be paid only for the demolished part of a building where the owner prefers to use the unwanted part of the land; provided, however, that such preference shall be acceptable only where the condition of the partly demolished building conforms with the requirements of the appropriate city plan.

Compensation for Crops

1) The amount of compensation for crops shall be calculated by multiplying the amount of yield that would have been collected from the land at maturity by the current market price of the crops

2) The owner of ripe crops may, in lieu of compensation, harvest and collect the crops within the period fixed pursuant to Article 4 of the Proclamation.

Compensation for Perennial Crops

1) The amount of compensation for unripe perennial crops shall be determined by calculating the estimated cost for growing the plant


2) The amount of compensation for ripe perennial crops shall be determined on the basis of the average annual yield, the current local market price of the crops and

Compensation for trees

1) The amount of compensation for trees shall be termined on the basis of the level of growth of the trees and the current local price per square meter or per unit

2) The owner of trees may in lieu of compensation, cut and collect the trees within the period fixed pursuant to Article 4 of the Proclamation.

Compensation or Protected Grass

1) The amount of compensation for protected grass shall be determined on the basis of the productivity of the land and the current market price of the grass per square meter.

2) The owner of protected grass may. in lieu of compensation. cut and gather the grass within the period fixed pursuant to Article 4 of the proclamation

Compensation for Permanent Improvement on Rural Land

The amount of compensation or permanent improvement made on a rural land shall be determined by computing the machinery. material and labour costs incurred for clearing. leveling and terracing the land. including the cos15 of water reservoir and other agricultural infrastructure works

Compensation for Relocated Property

The amount of compensation for a relocated property shall be determined by computing the estimated costs of labour. material and transport to be incurred at market value for removing. transferring and installing the property.

Compensation Payable to Mining Licensee

Where a mining site is expropriated pursuant to the provisions of the Proclamation. the compensation due to the licensee shall be determined by the relevant mining law.


Compensation or burial-ground

1) The amount of compensation for a burial-ground shall be determined on the basis of the estimated costs to be incurred for removing the grave stones preparing thither burial -ground transferring and

2) The amount of costs stipulated under Sub-Article (1) of this Article shall be determined on the basis of the current local market prices of materials. transport services and labor.

Formula

1) Compensation for building = cost of construction (current value). + Cost of permanent improvement on

land + The amount of refundable money for the

remaining term of lease contract 2) Compensation for Crops = the total are of the land (in square meters)

X value of the crops per kilo gram X the amount of crops to be obtained per

square meter + Cost of permanent improvement on

land

3) Compensation for unripe Perennial Crops = number of plants (legs)

X cost incurred to grow and individual plant

+ Cost of permanent improvement on land

4) Compensation for ripe Perennial crops = the annual yield of the perennial crops (in kilo grams)

X the current price of the produce of the perennial corps

+ Cost of permanent improvement on land

5) Compensation for relocated Property = cost of removal + Cost of transferring + Cost of reinstallation


No.

2

3

4

5

6} Compensation for protected grass = area covered by the grass per square meter

X the current market price of the gran per square meter

4.2.2 Regional Proclamation (EPLUA Guide line)

Calculation of compensation

Though the compensation is payable by the government, private organization. the community or another body, the calculation of compensation is the same which is presented as follows.

Nature of Compensation

Compensation for house/store/ barn and other works

Compensation for crops

Compensation for crop in irrigation development

Compensation for young permanent crops that haven't started giving yield. Compensation for permanent plantation which started yield

Calculation of Compensation

The current construction cost (material + labour + financial cost) + costs for permanent improvement of the land (clearing + land leveling + stone clearing + other land developments) + refund for the remaining lease period (for a leased land) [Size of Meher land (in hal x productivity per ha x market price of the crop (Birr/ quintal)] + costs for permanent land improvement + [size of Belg land (in ha x productivity per ha x market price of the crop (Birr/ quintal )(for only Belg growers)] + [irrigation development compensation will be paid only to landholders that produce twice and more in a year.] [Size of irrigated land (in hal x productivity (qt/ha) x the market price of the crop (Birr/qt)I] + cost for permanent land improvement x production gathering period [No. of crops (legs) x estimated labour and material cost for each crop] + cost for permanent land improvement [The annual production of a plantation (in Kg) x the current market price of the


6

7

8

9

Compensation for trees other than eucalyptus

Compensation for Eucalyptus or similar tree planted for firewood or construction

Compensation property

for removable

Compensation for reserved grass

permanent plantation x the number of trees per ha x hal + cost for the permanent improvement of the land. [The type of tree for instance acacia (large No. of trees x unit price) + (medium No. of trees x unit price) + (small No. of trees x unit price)] + [if tree is Wanza (large No. of trees x unit price) + (medium No. of trees x unit price) + (small No. of trees x unit price)] + ... (No. of beam x unit price) + (No. of ridges x unit price) + (No. of poles x unit price) + (No. of bunches x unit price) + (No. of transferred and grown seedling x unit price) + (No. of roots x unit price) Cost for removing the property + transport cost + re-plantation cost Size of the grassland per M2 x the quantity of grass per M2 x the volume of grass collected per M2 x the current market price of the grass per load

10 Compensation for water wells. developed springs, water ponds. irrigation structures and water canals, water and soil conservation, structures and other infrastructures

The current construction cost (material + labour + financial cost)

11 Compensation for permanent fence and animal barn

Compensation Committee

The current construction cost (material + labour + financial cost)

The RAP is implemented by MoWRs National Project Coordinator under the Irrigation and Drainage Department through the Regional Steering Committee, Regional Project Coordinator and the Regional Government Environmental Protection. Land Administration and Use Authority and compensation committees. Day to day supervision and monitoring is held by the Regional Project Coordinator. EPLAUA and BoWRD. Periodic supervision and monitoring is expected to be carried out by the MoWRs.


Hence. zonal. Wereda and rural kebele administration officials of the project area consulted and involved. although MoWRs through its NPC. the Regional Government through RPC. EPLAUA and BoWRD are responsible for the implementation of the compensation process and relocation of PAPs. after new sites are already selected and prepared for re-settlement (if there is a land and demanded). For the whole process, in addition to the above-mentioned government administrative bodies and institutions. the participation of representatives of PAP's, community elders and other stakeholders is sought. During the field assessment by the consultant for each Tasks assignment's. the following governmental institutions and community representatives were consulted.

• EPLAUA offices at Regional and Wereda level (Farta) • Wereda level administration offices (Farta) • Bureau of Water Resources at Regional and Wereda level (Farta) • Bureau of Finance and Economic Development • Wereda level agriculture and Rural Development Bureau (Farta) • Wereda level health bureau (Farta) • Wereda level Trade and Industry Office (Farta) • Wereda level Education Bureau (Farta) • Rural kebele administration office (Medeb Gudba) • Community elders (Medeb Gubda Kebele)

As the above mentioned institutions and community members have direct 'and indirect interests in the RAP. their participation is sought whenever required. In the field survey it was learned that community members made strong pledge to co-operate and participate in the entire project implementation. Table 4.1 present the roles and responsibilities of the major stakeholders in the implementation of the RAP.

Table: 4.1. Roles of Institutions for the Implementation of the RAP

Institutions Responsibilities

Ministry of Water Management and implementation of the Resettlement Action Resources Plan, compensation. monitoring and evaluation.

Management for the restoration of basic amenities like access to water points, health posts and schooling.

Amhara National Regional Coordination of the various stakeholders' offices under its direct Government (Steering supervisions, awareness creation may involve in. monitoring Committee and RPC) and evaluation of the implementation of the project. Ministry of Works and Responsible for Resettlement Planning across the country. Urban development Hence, shall follow up and ensure the Resettlement policy


Institutions Responsibilities

Framework is being implemented in accordance with the National law and procedures.

Ministry of Agriculture and Responsible for promoting the expansion of extension program Rural Development and training services provided to peasants. Responsible also for

creating conducive conditions for the expansion of rural development infrastructure.

Ministry Of Finance and Evaluate the performance of development plans of the Federal Economic development Government and responsible for disbursement of budgetary

issues. Environmental Protection, In close collaboration with the Regional Steering committee Land Administration and Wereda EPLAUA and BoWRS, responsible for implementation Use Authority. of the RAP, monitoring and evaluation. Bureau of Water Resources Responsible for implementation of the RAP and monitoring and

evaluation. Municipalities Selections and identification of land for the interested relocated,

provisions of support for the restoration of livelihoods, giving special attentions and support for the disabled, sick, elderly and female headed households.

Wereda Administration Identifications and selections of land for relocation of PAPs, office provisions of the necessary support for the restoration of

livelihoods. They are responsible in facilitation of RAP and giving special attentions for the needy.

Wereda Agricu Itu ral Preparation of cost estimation with other committee member Offices /desks for affected crops, fruit trees and other individually owned

vegetations. Supporting PAPs in the restoration of their lively hoods.

Kebele Associations & Organizing PAPs for the implementation of RAP, awareness Community Leaders creation and working together with other stakeholders for the

fairness of selection of relocation sites and other related process. Consu Itations for the fairness of valuation of properties, resettlement costs and provisions of special attentions for FHH, elders, disabled and sick PAPs.

Representatives of PAPs Ensuring the well-being of PAPs and represent them in all meetings. They are expected to work together with EPLAUA and other stakeholders.

Source; Consultant


4.3 Affected Farm & Grazing Lands and Households

It has been mentioned above that the land use types of the expropriated ones for the project purposes are either farm or grazing lands. There is a significant impact on farmlands in both Woredas about 306 hectares of farmlands which are used to grow annual crops will be impacted permanently that belongs to a total of 587 farm households.

In Farta Woreda. 252.1 hectares of farmlands which is used to grow annual crops is impacted permanently that belongs to a total of 441 farm households. Table 4.1 indicate the distribution of affected lands classified in range of hectares. accordingly the highest impact falls above one hectare but owned by only 77 private holders: while. majority of the affected households have between O.3ha. to .5ha. On average one household loss about 0.57 hectares. In Addition to this. about 55.36 hectares of grazing land is affected.

In Ebinat Woreda. the total farmland impacted by the project is 53.9 hectares that belong to a total of 146 farm households. The highest impact falls up to 0.1 ha. owned by 44 individual households. On average one household loss about 0.37 hectares. In addition to this about 9.62 hectares of communal grazing land (including the area owned by Kidanemiheret Church) is affected.

Table 4.2: Area of Land (Crop) lost in Hectare

Woreda up to O.lha to O.3ha. O.Sha Above

Total .'Iha O.3ha . To .Sha. to.l.Oha. 1.0ha.

Farta Woreda

PAHHs 91 92 96 85 77' 441

• Area(Hectare) 3.491 18.1457 38.035 62.246 I 130.219 252.1 ,% 1.38 7.20 15.09 24.69 51.65 100 '

Ebinat Woreda

PAHHs 44 39 29 22 12 146 ,

, Area(Hectare) 1.7 7.9 11.3 15.0 18.0

~ 0/0 3.2 14.7 20.9 27.9 33.4 4.4 Quantification and Analysis of Loss of Food Grains Due to

Loss of Land

According to the Woreda Compensation Committee estimates the total amount of grain lost is 34.717 Quintals and the loss of grass land is about


12.699.5 Bundles of pasture for Farta Woreda. Similarly, the estimate for Ebinat Woreda is a total of 5,284 Quintals of grain and the loss of grass land is about 2.507.99 Bundles of pasture. In total the loss of farmland will be 40,001 Quintals of grain and 15.207.5 Bundles of pasture from the loss of grazing land in the project area. The following table depicted that the total volume of impacted grains in quintal.

Table 4.3: Loss of Food Grains in Qt2• Crops Teff wheat Barley maize potato Total

•

Ebnet 475 658 592 771 2789 5284 i Farta 3207 4107 3340 4733 19329 34717 I

I Total 3682 4765 3932 5504 22118 40001 I

4.5 Impacts on Residential Houses

Twenty eighP households already lost their homes and are physically dislocated due to the camp buildings and Dam structures. All of the residential houses affected are summarized in the following table 4.4. The total number of houses was 91 and their floor area is estimated to be about 2528 meter square.

For both Woreda's there are houses' likely to be affected, 61 in Farta and 2 Ebinat Wored. EPULA approved payment 63 and 4cutoff date is defined. Household heads compensation has been given for those twenty eight houses found in the camp and construction site. The possible places that these physical displaced households to be resettle defined and known. The dislocated households' name and site location is annexed in the annex5 part.

Table 4.4: Number of PAHHs and Residential Houses lost Already Affected and Compensated likely to be Affected

Woreda PAHH No Area (m2) Woreda PAHH No Area (m2)

Ebnat 2 2 56.02 Farta 28 40 494.24 Farta 61 95 1977.74 Total 28 40 494.24 Total 63 97 2033.76

2 Quintal (Qt) is a unit that uses to measure a mass which is equal to lOOKg. 3 Note: 24 were relocated and compensated. 1 was compensated but not yet yet relocated (#25th in the list) and the last three (#26-#28 in the list) be will be relocated after 2 years and not compensated (thier compensation package and relocation sites is being discussed with them).

4 According to Ethiopian Federal Proclamation No.455/2005 in Article 4 no.2 the period of notification order that should be given in any circumstances at least ninety days.


4.6 Affected Trees and Households

In addition to the loss of farmland. a total of 377 household (in both

Woredas) have lost various types of indigenous trees mainly Cerar. Wanza.

Besana. Abal/o and eucalyptus trees due to the construction. Cerar. an

indigenous tree. is most affected with a total of 5437 (i.e. 231 are in Ebinat and

5206 are in Farta) trees which is possessed by majority of the households. 11

households in Farta Woreda lose 2.224 Eucalyptus trees.

In case of affected trees and households, in Farta Woreda a total of 276

household have lost various types of indigenous trees due to the project. Out

of this, 219 of them lost up to 25 trees which are more than 50% of the total

loss. In Addition to this 136 community trees are affected.

The table below indicates in Ebinat Woreda, there area a total of 560

household who have lost trees. out of this 277 households lost above 100

trees.

The distributions of impacts on local trees in Farta and Ebinat Woredas are

presented in the table 4.4 below.

Table 4.5: Number of Trees (No.) Lost

Woreda up to 25 25 to 50 50 to 75 75 to 100 Above 100 Total I

Farta Woreda

PAHHs 219 24 5 4 24 276

Trees 1325 999 297 320 11297 14238

ITrees (%) 9.3 7.0 2.1 2.2 79.3 100.0

Ebinat Woreda i

IPAHHs 176 43 64 277 560

Trees 463 145 274 3895 47771

Trees (%) 9.7 3.0 5.7 81.5 100

4.7 Summary of Project Affected Households

The magnitude of the project impact is summarized in the following table 4.5.

The consultant has classified the impact as Affected and likely to be affected.

According to this classification. there are 124 project affected household heads

and 226 likely affected household heads loss 81.34ha and 170.423ha of arable


land, respectively. Similarly, in Ebnet woreda there are 56PAHs (project

affected household heads) and 77 likely affected household heads loss

22.734ha and 31.63ha of arable land, respectively. The detail magnitude of the

project impact, on arable land. trees. houses and grazing land. is described in

the following table in terms of property and household heads. In the same

concept, Affected and likely to be affected. the consultant has attached as an

annex 5 that shows the entire compensation cost.

However. some discrepancy between the cadastral and socio-economic figure

of HH can exist because. a person (HH) could have two parcels located at different project areas and in this case a cadastral map may show two different

parcels with the same owner. In another case a person (HH) can have two or

more adjacent parcels of different land use (farm land and grazing land) and

could be mapped as a single parcel but actually represented as a single parcel in

the cadastral map. Such and other case makes discrepancy between the

cadastral and socio-economic data. Other than this discrepancy. The

consultant have clearly sorted out all the HH numbers to be affected and surveyed and eventually the total HH figure that we refer in all parts of our report is only 463.


_~~:'~_

Beza Consulting Engineers PLC

CHAPTER 5

5. Proposed Mitigations

5.1 Valuation and Compensation Disbursed

Valuation of Assets for Compensation-As indicated on table 4.4 twenty eieght

houses are affected. most of them are huts. some of them are CIS made of

thatched roof with mud wall and corrugated iron sheet roof and it is classified

in Four types according to the Woreda committee standards. and the unit rate

for the Hut-l, Hut-2. Hut-3. Hut-4. CSI-1 and CSI-2 is estimated to be Birr 400.

350.250.200.700 and 350 per m2 respectively. The variables considered in

determining the replacement cost for affected houses include:-

• The current construction cost for replacement (with no allowance for

depreciation) is considered;

• The compensation rate is estimated on the basis of the type of the affected

houses; and.

The cost of each house that would be replaced is estimated on the basis of

specification and bill of quantities. Valuation for Loss of Farm / grazing Land:-As the provisions stated on the Amhara Regional State Proclamation No.

133/2006 and Regulation No. 51/2007 Article 30 and sub-article 3 for the

expropriation of landholdings for public purposes states that a rural landholder

whose holding has been expropriated permanently shall be paid displacement

compensation which shall be equivalent to ten times the average annual

income produced during the period of five years prior to the expropriation. In

determining the unit rate/Value per hectare of farmland. average Yield and

Unit Price of the major crops grown in the area such as Teff, Barley. Wheat.

Maize and Potatoes are taken in to consideration. Similarly the current value of

grazing land is calculated as a product of the average yield of hay (205

bundles/ha) multiplied by the market price (25.00 and 30.00 Birr) which is

equal to Birr 5,125.0 and 6,150 per hectare.

Regarding the estimated costs for each type of trees. prepared based on the

current market values based on their size as the Woreda committee has

developed three categories; i.e. small. medium and large. The category

considers width and height irrespective of the tree type and this correspond to

the following definition:



• Small: A height of 3 to 8.0 meters and a diameter/width of up to 0.75 meters;

• Medium: A height of 8 to 15 meters and a diameter/width of 0.75 to 1.5 meters;

• Large: A height above 15 meters and a diameter/width of greater than 1.5 meters;

Table 5.1: Unit Rates for Trees (Birr) ! local Name large Medium Small

, Girar 300 175 50 Wanza 450 275 150 Bisana 240 85 40 Aballo 250 100 45 Bamba 400 280 200 Zanfuqe 240 85 0

. Zana 240 85 0 ! Eucalyptus 120 0 0 Warka 400 0 0 Chebha 300 0 0 Enkoyie 0 0 45

rawa 0 0 20

Compensation Disbursed-Considering the unit rate for construction prevailing

in the area. a total of 1369.075 ETB is disbursed for the loss of twenty eighth houses with a total area of 494.24 hectares in Fatra Woreda. The amount of estimated compensation for farmland & communal grazing land is about

39,076.082 ETB; and the estimated compensation for the loss of trees is

1.689.1D4ETB.

In general 7.235.643 million Birr has been disbursed as compensations for 192 project affected household heads in Farta and Ebinat Woreda. The over all compensation value is depicted in the following table.

Table 5.2: Summaries of the Compensation/Estimated Value (Birr)

Impact Farta Ebinat Total

Category Woreda Woreda

! Crop land 32.796,270 6,296.012 39.076.082

Grazing land 2,837,354 592.256 3.445.810

Trees Loss 1.376.764 312,340 1.689.104

Houses 1,369,077 35,035 1,404.112

Total 38.379.465 7.235,643 45.615,108



5.2 Relocation Site

As a principle. PAPs whose houses fully affected or likely to be affected would

be provided with land to construct their new house. Accordingly. for PAPs in

Ribb about 2.5 ha of land is allotted for this purpose. The consulting team has

already visited the area together with the woreda and kebele level officials. As

it is observed at the time of field work the identified area is near to the existing social amenities. The allotted area is within the vicinity of the original areas of

the affected people. However. so far no PAP is interested to go to the new site

and instead they construct their new houses in the nearby towns (Ebina. Alem

Ber. Debre Tabor). Some of them relocated themselves in the existing nearby

lands belonging to them or their relatives. Picture is annexed.

5.3 Resettlement and Rehabilitation Assistance

Resettlement and rehabilitation assistances are mandatory as stipulated in

various legal documents issued by the government and the donors. This is due

to the fact that mere compensation given for lost assets does not necessarily

ensure livelihood restoration.

In this report attempt has been made to briefly discuss the resettlement and

rehabilitation assistance that are needed to restore the livelihood of the PAPs at

least to the pre project situation. The TOR requires preparing technical and

economic feasible income generating schemes and skill improvement plan

accordingly; the consultant has proposed the mitigation measures based on

the market survey and conditions of focus groups with different social groups

including women in response to the comment the consultant has made its best

effort to satisfy the needs of the client.

The consultant recommends that collaboration and integration of all

stakeholders to make the proposed schemes practicable. As a result. the role of

the Kebele will organize and motivate the people to participate to the

proposed schemes and at the same time hearing the grievance of the

beneficiaries and minimizing the gap with the respective stakeholders.

According to the woreda officials the woreda have a package of schemes. it is

already stated in section 3.6. Hence. the woreda has to provide the needed

assistant like providing land. consult the kebele level officials and arrange

experts those who can give technical support to the beneficiaries and kebeles'

officials. The region will provide trainings on schemes. and monitor and

evaluate each activity of both woreda and Kebele. In addition to these. the


Beza Consulting Engineers PLC _(~~:u~~ry.:~_~~l). _._._._. _. _. _. _. _. _ ._. _._._. _. _. _. _. _. _. __ . _. _. _._. _._. _. _. _. _ ._. _._. __ . _._. _. _. _. _ ._. _. _ ._._. _. _._

region has to search new ways and techniques that can improve the production of the schemes. and introduce to the beneficiaries. The main deed of the national office will facilitate the finance on the schemes at same time monitor and evaluate all stakeholders which are involving in the project.

The Mitigation measure is sub divided into seven major components and the activities considered under each component are outline in the following paragraph.

5.3.1 Beekeeping and Honey Production:-

Objective: increase household income and standard of living from the sale of quality honey production and there by food security.

Description: In order to improve the income as well as standard of living of affected household by projects. it is essential to train, and provision of the necessary inputs. Thus improving honey production through the introduction of modern technology/ modern beehives/ well produced through Woreda Agricultural office and distribute to the affected household by project.

The traditional beekeeping practice is low in yield in Amhara region. As a result the average amount of honey in crude from per harvest from a local hive is around 4 to 4.5 kg. Therefore. through training and utilizing modern beehives one can harvest two times per year the best quality honey and can sell in a better price.

To do this there will be two beehives to each households that are affected by the projects. and totally 1-2 honey extractor with fully equipped modern technical instruments (wax printer, spoon, smoker and the like) for the whole group of beneficiaries.

Output: - the honey yield of the improved hives well increases from 4.5kg of a traditional hives 30kg to modern hive. Therefore. by providing training in beekeeping with intensive supervision. it would be possible to increase honey production and increase income of the affected farmers. The main output expected will be increment in yield and better quality production of honey from bee hive per harvesting season. Improvement in quality and quantity bee products will play role in the livelihood of affected households by the scheme. The other output from the production of improved apiculture practice is production of bee wax. Therefore. through training. improved dry season bee



forage and utilization products will pay role in the livelihood dry season bee forage and utilizing modern bee hive technology the amount of honey production will increase from 4.5 kg to 30 kg pure honey from a single beehive/harvest period, due to increment in its yield and quality there will be augmentation in price.

The price of a kilogram honey harvested from traditional beehive in the area costs about 20birr, where the pure honey produced from modern beehive cost 30 birr, therefore a household having one modern beehives can harvest 60 kg pure honey per year. of which lOkg for in house compensation and the result 50kg will be 30birr and each HH will have 1500 Birr.

If each household has two modern beehives he/she will have 3000birr and from the sale of bees wax approximately will get around 200 birr for the first time and they will get an income from selling of each honey colony from birr 120 to 180.

Beneficiaries: - The household affect by the projects and crafts man of beehives and other equipment, beer brewers and other consumers will be the main beneficiaries from the component.

Estimated cost/Financing: - the initial investment cost estimated at about: -329,000 Birr.

1. Total No, of beneficiaries HH= If 162 2. No, of Bee hive, per HH= 2x162=324

• Cost/Beehive= 800Birrx324= • Cost of Honey extractor 2x15.000= • Other supporting instruments approx. = • For Training approx. • Total

5.3.2 Fishery Resource Development

Birr

259.200 30,000 10.000 30.000

329.200

Objective: - The main objective of the scheme to benefit and increase the income of affected farmers by the construction of the venture through the catch of subsistence and commercial fishing. from artificially constructed ponds on the downstream of the dam or using mesh wire on the outlet of the dams and protecting the flow of fish species and to use the upstream of the main course of the river for the production of fish.



Description: - By creating awareness and continuous training to create sustainable fisheries sector to utilize the potential of fish product. To do this continues awareness creation on the benefits of fish resource and the role of fish product. To do this continuous awareness creation on the benefits of fish resource and the role of fish development in food security need to be purchased and distributed to the identified target group of affected farmers by the construction of the project. Some farmers are still under social taboo. eating catfish is considered as an outcast. Therefore. to free those people from such tradition. a need to create awareness about the species is imperative.

Fishing gear and methods vary with fish species. lake river and pond environmental and fishing tradition of the community. The most commonly used method of the area are utilizing gill netting, with varying mesh sizes Hooks and Gill. These all material will be procured and will distribute to the identified target groups.

Output: - The outcome/profit from fishery resource development will be subsistence used of fish meat and the amount of cash income obtained from the sale of fish harvest.

Beneficiaries: - The main beneficiaries are the identified household themselves and their family. fish buyers and seller and consumers that will get the best quality and neat fish.

Estimated cost/Financing: - The total cost of the component is estimated to be 367.000 Birr.

1. Total No, of affected HH=if 162 2. Cost of Gill Net Approx.=1000x162=162,000 3. Hooks of different size Approx'/peace=1OBirrx20pises/HHx100=20,000 4. If the fish is not sold in fresh and in order to frozen the fish. There will be a

need of deep freezing machine (Refrigerator) for the whole members of HH it needs 5. Therefore 5x 10,000=50,000

5. Generator for the functioning of deep freezers 5x7.000= 35,000 6. For oil and Fuel cost lump sum for initial Le. one year = 50,000 7. Repair and Maintenance for one year time 50,000

Total Birr 367.000



5.3.3 Handcraft

Objective: - The main objective of the scheme to benefit and increase the income of affected Households and poverty alleviation by the proposed venture. It will have support from Government offices like micro finance development. Small scale industry and women association. The micro finance will have support in financing the organized group correlating with Small scale industries enterprise and women association. Beside the stated offices have the same packages working on and enhancing and/or support the project activities.

Description: - In order to improve the income as well as standard of living of affected household by projects. it is essential to train. and provides necessary inputs. Micro and Small scale enterprises are a group of people organized together with a minimum capital of 20.000 - 50.000.

Through cooperation with the local government the organizations (group) will have a provision of working premises and space. information services. registration of new business as tax payers. credit facilitation.

The organizations (groups) will have access to information on market development training and a market linkage. At the same time other vulnerable people will have the advantage of employment opportunities.

Hence. a provision of training for the beneficiary group is essential and mandatory. facilitation of credit and monitoring of their business activities developing their business.

Output: - The outcome/profit from handcraft business development will be subsistence used of cloth and crafty tolls and the amount of cash income obtained from the sale of products.

Beneficiaries: - The main beneficiaries are the identified households product buyers and seller and consumers that will get the cloth and other products and the total number of beneficiaries HH= 40

Estimated cost/Financing: - The total cost of the component is estimated to be 115.965 Birr.


Beza Consulting Engineers PlC

5.3.4 Flour Mill

Objective: - it is aimed to enhancement financial capacity of the targeted Household heads.

Description:-Establishment of Flourmills for both Woredas.

Outputs:-Service giving for community in the project area.

Beneficiaries:-Total of 40 women household heads

Estimated! Cost /Budgets: •

Construction of Mill house cost (25,000x2) =50,000 ETB One Grain Mil! cost of the grain mill (100,000x2) =200,000ETB

Total cost =250.000 ETB

5.3.5 Agricultural Extension Support

Objective: . to enable the project affected households maintain food self-Sufficiency

Description: - this component involves Agricultural extensive

• Provision of input supply fertilizer, proved seed, etc • If any surplus is produced to provide marketing support

Benefits: - to the minimum the Households affected by the project will secure their food.

Beneficiaries: the immediate beneficiaries are those households affected by the project estimated to be 463.

Estimated /Cost/Financing: Rural and agricultural development office is responsible to perform such activities. However, Budgetary provisional is estimated to be 464,423 of Ethiopian Birr.


Beza Consulting Engineers PlC

5.3.6 Petty trading for organized women

Objective of introducing petty trading for organized women group is to generate income and enhance project benefit for those female household headed in the project site.

Description

The petty trade will be managed by each individual female household head who at the same time are in ensure of organized income generating groups to be estimated by the two waredas cooperative promotion desk. Two IGAs (income generation activity) group would be established in the two woredas, Ebinat and Farta. A seed money will be expended from the project to kick off saving and credit activities in the two IGAs. The local micro finance organization, ACS. is expected to handle this until the IGAs reach full cooperative status and run their own business. The Woreda cooperative is expected to give all technical support that includes assessment of business option for petty traders. market, legal support, etc.

Target household

Female headed households affected by the project would be the primary benefit carries from petty trading revolving fund scheme 30 female headed households from the two woredas would be organized to start the scheme. Individual beneficiaries have the liberty to choose on what kind of petty trading to engage in, with strong technical back up by the woreda cooperative office.

Estimated cost/Financing: A Seed money of about 100,000 ETB including overhead would be allocated; individual benefiters' will get up to 3000 ETB to start the trading business.

5.3.7 Training and Capacity Building

Objective: - it is aimed to enhance the skill and capacity of the implementing bodies including the affected Households, Resettlement implementation committee as well as concerned offices of the two woredas, and EPLUA officials.



Description: - it will have two sub-components. i.e.; Training. and Capacity Building. The Training subcomponent focuses mainly on DA's refreshment course on investigation and such as bee keeping, fishery. Handcraft and others.

Output/Benefits: Number of households trained in beekeeping and Fishery is to be 332 and women trained in handicrafts and petty trading are 100 beneficiaries.

• Complementation and Management capacity of the Woreda Agricultural and Rural development office; RIC Will be strengthened.

Beneficiaries: -project affected communities

• Rural and Agricultural development office of the Woredas • EPLAUA at Woreda level

Costl Budget: - Provisional sums 250,000 ETB

The estimated cost/Budget to the R&R support is also presented as part of the total RAP implementation budget in Table 7.1

5.4 HIV/AIDS Prevention

The implementation of such huge infrastructure. like Ribb Dam. entails the introduction of new health threats that may not exist under the pre project situation. There are evidences indicating that construction activities like road do exacerbate HIV/AIDS due to the fact that new access means more people movement as well as the influx of additional working power in to the newly developed area. In recognition of this fact. various implementing agencies. like the Ethiopian Road Authority. have developed their own HIV/AIDS strategy documents to cope with the pandemic. Under the present study. attempt has been made to know the status of HIV/AIDS problem in the targeted two Woredas. Though it was not possible to secure quantitative data. qualitative information obtained from Woreda level offices as well as from the group discussion held with residents of the two Woredas generally reveals that awareness on HIV/AIDS is now on the increasing trend. All participants in various group discussions asserted their awareness on the problem and its ramification. This is was not the case in the earlier times. The household survey



inquiry also shows that the majorities know how the HIV/AIDS mainly transmitted and how they can basically protect themselves from its danger.

Woreda level Women's Affair Offices are involved in the areas related to Harmful Traditional Practices that one way or the other have a bearing in increasing HIV/AIDS infection. The Office is now trying to make change in such harmful practices as early marriage which is believed to be one contributing factor to the incidences of HIV/AIDS infection. Some encouraging result is now seen in decreasing the incidence. The newly introduced government health package, that emphasis prevention through close supervision and advice at the family level, also helps in fighting the pandemic. HIV/AIDS issue is also becoming one training area within the local Farmer's Training Center. This practice need to be encouraged to reach the public at the very grassroots level. It was however reported that despite all these efforts and encouraging signs. HIV/AIDS is still one development challenge that need continuous attention and focus by all stakeholders within the two Woredas adjacent to the Ribb Dam area. Vulnerability to the problem is still high due to a number of factors that include poverty, unemployment, population movement and traditional harmful practices. Strengthening the role played by the new government health package, Woreda level Women's Affair Office, local health services. and school and youth clubs is quite essential. Especially, the house to house visit being made by the health extension agents under the new health package need to be given strong emphasis in controlling the problem.

To cope with the potential danger of HIV/AIDS due to the construction of the irrigation scheme in the area, certain practical activities need to be

incorporated as part of mitigation measures. This is due to the fact the new construction directly means more mobility and influx of people into the area. At this point, the following activities are proposed to be implemented within the ongoing construction phase:

• Conduct mini baseline survey to know the status of HIV /AIDS problem in the area. This will be done in a limited sampling and this helps in establishing a baseline situation so that the parameters can be utilized in the future impact assessment.

• Strengthening the existing HIV/AIDS prevention activities in the two Woredas; like support to the local school and youth clubs already involved, or interested, in the HIV/AIDS prevention and sensitization activities.



• Support to the local heath facilities (health posts at the Kebele level or

health centers at the Woreda level) as well as to the health extension

agents for more involvement in the HIV/AIDS activities.

• Access to free condoms to the employee of the Project as well as to the

residents living in the immediate vicinity.

• More sensitization through organizing awareness creation sessions in

schools. community centers and Farmers' Training Centers.

• Conducting intensive Inf

ethiopian nile irrigation and drainage project · avoid problpffi related to watel logr,ing in...

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